合并分支 'caorunzhe' 到 'master'

update chapter3

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Book/Chapter3/Figures/figure-human-translation.tex

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 \node [anchor=west] (s1) at (0,0) {{我}};
 \node [anchor=west] (s2) at ([xshift=2em]s1.east) {{对}};
 \node [anchor=west] (s3) at ([xshift=2em]s2.east) {{你}};
-\node [anchor=west] (s4) at ([xshift=2em]s3.east) {{表示}};
+\node [anchor=west] (s4) at ([xshift=2em]s3.east) {{感到}};
 \node [anchor=west] (s5) at ([xshift=2em]s4.east) {{满意}};
 \node [anchor=south west] (sentlabel) at ([yshift=-0.5em]s1.north west) {\scriptsize{\sffamily\bfseries{\color{red}{待翻译句子(已经分词):}}}};
 
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@
 \node [anchor=north west,inner sep=1pt,fill=black] (tl31) at (t31.north west) {\tiny{{\color{white} \textbf{3}}}};
 
 \node [anchor=north,inner sep=2pt,fill=orange!20,minimum height=1.5em,minimum width=3em] (t41) at ([yshift=-1em]s4.south) {$\phi$};
-\node [anchor=north,inner sep=2pt,fill=orange!20,minimum height=1.5em,minimum width=3em] (t42) at ([yshift=-0.2em]t41.south) {show};
+\node [anchor=north,inner sep=2pt,fill=orange!20,minimum height=1.5em,minimum width=3em] (t42) at ([yshift=-0.2em]t41.south) {feel};
 \node [anchor=north west,inner sep=1pt,fill=black] (tl41) at (t41.north west) {\tiny{{\color{white} \textbf{4}}}};
 \node [anchor=north west,inner sep=1pt,fill=black] (tl42) at (t42.north west) {\tiny{{\color{white} \textbf{4}}}};
 

Book/Chapter3/Figures/figure-noise-channel-model.tex

@@ -9,7 +9,8 @@
 \node [draw,red,fill=red!10,thick,anchor=center,circle,inner sep=3.5pt] (s) at (0,0) {\black{$\mathbf{s}$}};
 \node [draw,ublue,fill=blue!10,thick,anchor=center,circle,inner sep=3.3pt] (t) at ([xshift=1.5in]s.east) {\black{$\mathbf{t}$}};
 
-\draw [<->,thick,] (s.east) -- (t.west) node [pos=0.5,draw,fill=white] {噪声信道};
+\draw [->,thick,] (s.east) -- (t.west) node [pos=0.5,draw,fill=white] {噪声信道};
+\draw[->,thick](s.east) -- ([xshift=2.2em]s.east);
 \node [anchor=east] at (s.west) {\scriptsize{信宿}};
 \node [anchor=west] at (t.east) {\scriptsize{信源}};
 

Book/Chapter3/Figures/figure-process-of-machine-translation.tex

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 \node [anchor=west] (s1) at (0,0) {{我}};
 \node [anchor=west] (s2) at ([xshift=2em]s1.east) {{对}};
 \node [anchor=west] (s3) at ([xshift=2em]s2.east) {{你}};
-\node [anchor=west] (s4) at ([xshift=2em]s3.east) {{表示}};
+\node [anchor=west] (s4) at ([xshift=2em]s3.east) {{感到}};
 \node [anchor=west] (s5) at ([xshift=2em]s4.east) {{满意}};
 
 \node [anchor=south west] (sentlabel) at ([yshift=-0.5em]s1.north west) {\scriptsize{{\color{red}{待翻译句子(已经分词):}}}};
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@
 \node [anchor=north west,inner sep=1pt,fill=black] (tl31) at (t31.north west) {\tiny{{\color{white} \textbf{3}}}};
 
 \node [anchor=north,inner sep=2pt,fill=orange!20,minimum height=1.5em,minimum width=3em] (t41) at ([yshift=-1em]s4.south) {$\phi$};
-\node [anchor=north,inner sep=2pt,fill=orange!20,minimum height=1.5em,minimum width=3em] (t42) at ([yshift=-0.2em]t41.south) {show};
+\node [anchor=north,inner sep=2pt,fill=orange!20,minimum height=1.5em,minimum width=3em] (t42) at ([yshift=-0.2em]t41.south) {feel};
 \node [anchor=north west,inner sep=1pt,fill=black] (tl41) at (t41.north west) {\tiny{{\color{white} \textbf{4}}}};
 \node [anchor=north west,inner sep=1pt,fill=black] (tl42) at (t42.north west) {\tiny{{\color{white} \textbf{4}}}};
 

Book/Chapter3/Figures/greedy-mt-decoding-process-1.tex

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 \node [anchor=west] (s1) at (0,0) {{我}};
 \node [anchor=west] (s2) at ([xshift=3em]s1.east) {{对}};
 \node [anchor=west] (s3) at ([xshift=3em]s2.east) {{你}};
-\node [anchor=west] (s4) at ([xshift=2.5em]s3.east) {{表示}};
+\node [anchor=west] (s4) at ([xshift=2.5em]s3.east) {{感到}};
 \node [anchor=west] (s5) at ([xshift=2.5em]s4.east) {{满意}};
 
 \node [anchor=south west,inner sep=1pt] (sentlabel) at ([yshift=0.3em]s1.north west) {\scriptsize{{输入: 待翻译句子(已经分词)}}};
@@ -53,8 +53,8 @@
 
 {
 \node [anchor=north,inner sep=2pt,fill=orange!20,minimum height=1.5em,minimum width=3.5em] (t41) at ([yshift=-1.3em]s4.south) {$\phi$};
-\node [anchor=north,inner sep=2pt,fill=orange!20,minimum height=1.5em,minimum width=3.5em] (t42) at ([yshift=-0.2em]t41.south) {show};
-\node [anchor=north,inner sep=2pt,fill=orange!20,minimum height=1.5em,minimum width=3.5em] (t43) at ([yshift=-0.2em]t42.south) {shows};
+\node [anchor=north,inner sep=2pt,fill=orange!20,minimum height=1.5em,minimum width=3.5em] (t42) at ([yshift=-0.2em]t41.south) {feel};
+\node [anchor=north,inner sep=2pt,fill=orange!20,minimum height=1.5em,minimum width=3.5em] (t43) at ([yshift=-0.2em]t42.south) {feels};
 }
 
 {
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@
 \node [anchor=west] (s1) at (0,0) {{我}};
 \node [anchor=west] (s2) at ([xshift=3em]s1.east) {{对}};
 \node [anchor=west] (s3) at ([xshift=3em]s2.east) {{你}};
-\node [anchor=west] (s4) at ([xshift=2.5em]s3.east) {{表示}};
+\node [anchor=west] (s4) at ([xshift=2.5em]s3.east) {{感到}};
 \node [anchor=west] (s5) at ([xshift=2.5em]s4.east) {{满意}};
 
 \node [anchor=south west,inner sep=1pt] (sentlabel) at ([yshift=0.3em]s1.north west) {\scriptsize{{输入: 待翻译句子(已经分词)}}};
@@ -160,8 +160,8 @@
 
 {
 \node [anchor=north,inner sep=2pt,fill=orange!20,minimum height=1.5em,minimum width=3.5em] (t41) at ([yshift=-1.3em]s4.south) {$\phi$};
-\node [anchor=north,inner sep=2pt,fill=orange!20,minimum height=1.5em,minimum width=3.5em] (t42) at ([yshift=-0.2em]t41.south) {show};
-\node [anchor=north,inner sep=2pt,fill=orange!20,minimum height=1.5em,minimum width=3.5em] (t43) at ([yshift=-0.2em]t42.south) {shows};
+\node [anchor=north,inner sep=2pt,fill=orange!20,minimum height=1.5em,minimum width=3.5em] (t42) at ([yshift=-0.2em]t41.south) {feel};
+\node [anchor=north,inner sep=2pt,fill=orange!20,minimum height=1.5em,minimum width=3.5em] (t43) at ([yshift=-0.2em]t42.south) {feels};
 }
 
 

Book/Chapter3/Figures/greedy-mt-decoding-process-3.tex

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 \node [anchor=west] (s1) at (0,0) {{我}};
 \node [anchor=west] (s2) at ([xshift=3em]s1.east) {{对}};
 \node [anchor=west] (s3) at ([xshift=3em]s2.east) {{你}};
-\node [anchor=west] (s4) at ([xshift=2.5em]s3.east) {{表示}};
+\node [anchor=west] (s4) at ([xshift=2.5em]s3.east) {{感到}};
 \node [anchor=west] (s5) at ([xshift=2.5em]s4.east) {{满意}};
 
 \node [anchor=south west,inner sep=1pt] (sentlabel) at ([yshift=0.3em]s1.north west) {\scriptsize{{输入: 待翻译句子(已经分词)}}};
@@ -50,8 +50,8 @@
 
 {
 \node [anchor=north,inner sep=2pt,fill=orange!20,minimum height=1.5em,minimum width=3.5em] (t41) at ([yshift=-1.3em]s4.south) {$\phi$};
-\node [anchor=north,inner sep=2pt,fill=orange!20,minimum height=1.5em,minimum width=3.5em] (t42) at ([yshift=-0.2em]t41.south) {show};
-\node [anchor=north,inner sep=2pt,fill=orange!20,minimum height=1.5em,minimum width=3.5em] (t43) at ([yshift=-0.2em]t42.south) {shows};
+\node [anchor=north,inner sep=2pt,fill=orange!20,minimum height=1.5em,minimum width=3.5em] (t42) at ([yshift=-0.2em]t41.south) {feel};
+\node [anchor=north,inner sep=2pt,fill=orange!20,minimum height=1.5em,minimum width=3.5em] (t43) at ([yshift=-0.2em]t42.south) {feels};
 }
 
 
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@
 \node [anchor=west] (s1) at (0,0) {{我}};
 \node [anchor=west] (s2) at ([xshift=3em]s1.east) {{对}};
 \node [anchor=west] (s3) at ([xshift=3em]s2.east) {{你}};
-\node [anchor=west] (s4) at ([xshift=2.5em]s3.east) {{表示}};
+\node [anchor=west] (s4) at ([xshift=2.5em]s3.east) {{感到}};
 \node [anchor=west] (s5) at ([xshift=2.5em]s4.east) {{满意}};
 
 \node [anchor=south west,inner sep=1pt] (sentlabel) at ([yshift=0.3em]s1.north west) {\scriptsize{{输入: 待翻译句子(已经分词)}}};
@@ -215,8 +215,8 @@
 
 {
 \node [anchor=north,inner sep=2pt,fill=orange!20,minimum height=1.5em,minimum width=3.5em] (t41) at ([yshift=-1.3em]s4.south) {$\phi$};
-\node [anchor=north,inner sep=2pt,fill=orange!20,minimum height=1.5em,minimum width=3.5em] (t42) at ([yshift=-0.2em]t41.south) {show};
-\node [anchor=north,inner sep=2pt,fill=orange!20,minimum height=1.5em,minimum width=3.5em] (t43) at ([yshift=-0.2em]t42.south) {shows};
+\node [anchor=north,inner sep=2pt,fill=orange!20,minimum height=1.5em,minimum width=3.5em] (t42) at ([yshift=-0.2em]t41.south) {feel};
+\node [anchor=north,inner sep=2pt,fill=orange!20,minimum height=1.5em,minimum width=3.5em] (t43) at ([yshift=-0.2em]t42.south) {feels};
 }
 
 

Book/Chapter3/chapter3.tex

@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@
 %----------------------------------------------
 \vspace{-0.2em}
 
-\parinterval 图\ref{fig:3-3}展示了人在翻译``我 对 你表示 满意''时可能会思考的内容。具体来说，有如下两方面内容。
+\parinterval 图\ref{fig:3-3}展示了人在翻译``我\;对\;你\;感到\;满意''时可能会思考的内容。具体来说，有如下两方面内容。
 
 \begin{itemize}
 \vspace{0.5em}
@@ -243,9 +243,9 @@
 \begin{example}
 一个汉英互译的句对
 
-\qquad\qquad\quad $\mathbf{s}$ = 机器\quad {\color{red}翻译}\; 就\; 是\; 用\; 计算机\; 来\; 进行\; {\color{red}翻译}
+$\mathbf{s}$ = 机器\quad {\color{red}翻译}\; 就\; 是\; 用\; 计算机\; 来\; 生成\; {\color{red}翻译}\; 的\; 过程
 
-\qquad\qquad\quad $\mathbf{t}$ = machine\; {\color{red}translation}\; is\; just\; {\color{red}translation}\; by\; computer
+$\mathbf{t}$ = machine\; {\color{red}translation}\; is\; a\; process\; of\; generating\; a\;  {\color{red}translation}\; by\; computer
 \label{eg:3-1}
 \end{example}
 
@@ -253,14 +253,14 @@
 \begin{eqnarray}
 \textrm{P}(\text{``翻译''},\text{``translation''}; \mathbf{s},\mathbf{t})  & = & \frac{c(\textrm{``翻译''},\textrm{``translation''};\mathbf{s},\mathbf{t})}{\sum_{x',y'} c(x',y';\mathbf{s},\mathbf{t})} \nonumber \\
                                                                                                          & =  & \frac{4}{|\mathbf{s}|\times |\mathbf{t}|} \nonumber \\
-                                                                                                         & = & \frac{4}{63}
+                                                                                                         & = & \frac{4}{121}
 \label{eq:3-2}
 \end{eqnarray}
 
 \noindent 这里运算$|\cdot|$表示句子长度。类似的，可以得到``机器''和``translation''、``机器''和``look''的单词翻译概率：
 \begin{eqnarray}
-\textrm{P}(\text{``机器''},\text{``translation''}; \mathbf{s},\mathbf{t})  & = & \frac{2}{63} \\
-\textrm{P}(\text{``机器''},\text{``look''}; \mathbf{s},\mathbf{t})  & =  & \frac{0}{63}
+\textrm{P}(\text{``机器''},\text{``translation''}; \mathbf{s},\mathbf{t})  & = & \frac{2}{121} \\
+\textrm{P}(\text{``机器''},\text{``look''}; \mathbf{s},\mathbf{t})  & =  & \frac{0}{121}
 \label{eq:3-3}
 \end{eqnarray}
 
@@ -283,13 +283,13 @@
 \begin{example}
 两个汉英互译的句对
 
-\qquad\qquad \; $\mathbf{s}^1$ = 机器\quad {\color{red}翻译}\; 就\; 是\; 用\; 计算机\; 来\; 进行\; {\color{red}翻译}
+$\mathbf{s}^{[1]}$ = 机器\quad {\color{red}翻译}\; 就\; 是\; 用\; 计算机\; 来\; 生成\; {\color{red}翻译}\; 的\; 过程
 
-\qquad\qquad\; $\mathbf{s}^1$ = Machine\; {\color{red}translation}\; is\; just\; {\color{red}translation}\; by\; computer
+$\mathbf{t}^{[1]}$ = machine\; {\color{red}translation}\; is\; a\; process\; of\; generating\; a\;  {\color{red}translation}\; by\; computer
 
-\qquad\qquad\; $\mathbf{s}^2$ = 那\quad 人工\quad {\color{red}翻译}\quad 呢\quad ?
+$\mathbf{s}^{[2]}$ = 那\quad 人工\quad {\color{red}翻译}\quad 呢\quad ?
 
-\qquad\qquad\; $\mathbf{t}^2$ = So\; ,\; what\; is\; human\; {\color{red}translation}\; ?
+$\mathbf{t}^{[2]}$ = So\; ,\; what\; is\; human\; {\color{red}translation}\; ?
 \label{eg:3-2}
 \end{example}
 
@@ -298,8 +298,8 @@
 \begin{eqnarray}
 {\textrm{P}(\textrm{``翻译''},\textrm{``translation''})} & = & {\frac{c(\textrm{``翻译''},\textrm{``translation''};\mathbf{s}^{[1]},\mathbf{t}^{[1]})+c(\textrm{``翻译''},\textrm{``translation''};\mathbf{s}^{[2]},\mathbf{t}^{[2]})}{\sum_{x',y'} c(x',y';\mathbf{s}^{[1]},\mathbf{t}^{[1]}) + \sum_{x',y'} c(x',y';\mathbf{s}^{[2]},\mathbf{t}^{[2]})}} \nonumber \\
                                                                             & = & \frac{4 + 1}{|\mathbf{s}^{[1]}| \times |\mathbf{t}^{[1]}| + |\mathbf{s}^{[2]}| \times |\mathbf{t}^{[2]}|} \nonumber \\
-                                                                            & = & \frac{4 + 1}{9 \times 7 + 5 \times 7} \nonumber \\
-                                                                            & = & \frac{5}{98}
+                                                                            & = & \frac{4 + 1}{11 \times 11 + 5 \times 7} \nonumber \\
+                                                                            & = & \frac{5}{156}
 \label{eq:3-5}
 \end{eqnarray}
 }