Commit f8c069d4 by 单韦乔

合并分支 'shanweiqiao' 到 'caorunzhe'

Shanweiqiao

查看合并请求 !133
parents 9622c0cf e1d9c36f
......@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@
\node [anchor=north west] (mt1-2) at ([yshift=0.4em]mt1-1.south west) {\scriptsize{-pared the boat and {\color{red}\underline{left the island.}} Only Love decided to stay.She {\color{red}\underline{ wanted to stick}} to it until the last}};
\node [anchor=north west] (mt1-3) at ([yshift=0.4em]mt1-2.south west) {\scriptsize{moment. After a few days, the island was really going to sink and love {\color{red}\underline{ wanted help.}}}};
%人工翻译---------------
\node [anchor=north west] (ht1) at ([xshift=-3.5em,yshift=0.4em]mt1-3.south west) {\scriptsize{人工翻译:Once upon a time, there was a small island {\color{red}\underline{where}} lived all kinds of emotions like JOY,SADNESS,}};
......@@ -37,53 +36,11 @@
\node[anchor=north west] (original4-4) at ([yshift=0.3em]original4-3.south west) {\scriptsize{道。快乐走近爱的身边,但是她太快乐了,竟然没有听见爱在叫她!}};
%机器翻译--------------
\node [anchor=north west] (mt4) at ([xshift=-3.5em,yshift=0.3em]original4-4.south west) {\scriptsize{机器翻译:At this time, Richness {\color{red}\underline{passed by}} in a big ship. Love said, ``Rich, can you take me away?'' Richness}};
\node [anchor=north west] (mt4-1) at ([xshift=3.5em,yshift=0.4em]mt4.south west) {\scriptsize{replied, ``No, {\color{red}\underline{there are many treasures}} of gold and silver in my ship,and there is no place for you.''}};
\node [anchor=north west] (mt4-2) at ([yshift=0.4em]mt4-1.south west) {\scriptsize{ Love saw vanity in a magnificent boat and said, ``Vanity, help me!'' ``I can't help you. You are {\color{red}\underline{soak}}}};
\node [anchor=north west] (mt4-3) at ([yshift=0.4em]mt4-2.south west) {\scriptsize{{\color{red}\underline{-ed to the skin}} and will damage my beautiful boat.'' When sorrow came, love asked him for help: ``}};
\node [anchor=north west] (mt4-4) at ([yshift=0.4em]mt4-3.south west) {\scriptsize{sorrow, let me go with you!'' ``Oh,...love, I am so sad that I want to be alone for a while!'' Sadly rep}};
\node [anchor=north west] (mt4-5) at ([yshift=0.4em]mt4-4.south west) {\scriptsize{-lied. Happiness {\color{red}\underline{approached}} love, but she was too happy to hear love calling her!}};
%人工翻译---------------
\node [anchor=north west] (ht4) at ([xshift=-3.5em,yshift=0.3em]mt4-5.south west) {\scriptsize{人工翻译:At that moment, WEALTH {\color{red}\underline{was passing by}} in a big boat. Love said,``WEALTH, can you take me}};
\node [anchor=north west] (ht4-1) at ([xshift=3.5em,yshift=0.4em]ht4.south west) {\scriptsize{with you?'' WEALTH answered, ``no, {\color{red}\underline{there is a lot}} of gold and silver in my boat. There is no place}};
\node [anchor=north west] (ht4-2) at ([yshift=0.4em]ht4-1.south west) {\scriptsize{for you.'' Love saw VANITY in a beautiful boat and said, ``VANITY, help me!'' ``I can't help you.}};
\node [anchor=north west] (ht4-3) at ([yshift=0.4em]ht4-2.south west) {\scriptsize{You are {\color{red}\underline{all wet,}} and will break my pretty boat.'' Then SADNESS came. Love asked for help,``SAD}};
\node [anchor=north west] (ht4-4) at ([yshift=0.4em]ht4-3.south west) {\scriptsize{-NESS, let me go with you!'' ``Oh,...LOVE, I am so sad that I want to be alone for a while!'' ``Repli}};
\node [anchor=north west] (ht4-5) at ([yshift=0.4em]ht4-4.south west) {\scriptsize{-ed SADNESS. JOY {\color{red}\underline{came close to }} love, but she was so happy that she did not hear him call her!}};
%第三段--------------------------------
\node[anchor=north west] (original8) at ([xshift=-3.5em,yshift=-0.3em]ht4-5.south west) {\scriptsize{\qquad 文:突然,一个声音传来:``过来,爱,我带你走。''这是位长者。爱大喜过望,竟忘了问他他}};
\node[anchor=north west] (original8-1) at ([xshift=3.5em,yshift=0.3em]original8.south west) {\scriptsize{的名字。登上陆地后,长者独自走开了。爱对长者感激不尽,问另一位长者知识:``帮我的}};
\node[anchor=north west] (original8-2) at ([yshift=0.3em]original8-1.south west) {\scriptsize{那个人是谁?''``他是时间。''知识老人回答。``时间?''爱问道,``他为什么要帮我?''知识老}};
\node[anchor=north west] (original8-3) at ([yshift=0.3em]original8-2.south west) {\scriptsize{人笑道:``因为只有时间才能理解爱有多么伟大。''}};
%机器翻译--------------
\node [anchor=north west] (mt8) at ([xshift=-3.5em,yshift=0.4em]original8-3.south west) {\scriptsize{机器翻译:Suddenly, a voice {\color{red}\underline{came:}} ``Come here, love, I'll take you away.'' This is an elder. Love was {\color{red}\underline{overjoy}}}};
\node [anchor=north west] (mt8-1) at ([xshift=3.5em,yshift=0.4em]mt8.south west) {\scriptsize{{\color{red}\underline{-ed and}} forgot to ask his name. After landing on land, the elder walked away alone.Love was very}};
\node [anchor=north west] (mt8-2) at ([yshift=0.4em]mt8-1.south west) {\scriptsize{grateful to the elder and asked another elder knowledge, {\color{red}\underline{``Who is the person who helped me?''}} ``He}};
\node [anchor=north west] (mt8-3) at ([yshift=0.4em]mt8-2.south west) {\scriptsize{is time.'' The {\color{red}\underline{old intellectual}} replied. ``Time?'' Love asked,``Why did he help me?'' The old intellec}};
\node [anchor=north west] (mt8-4) at ([yshift=0.4em]mt8-3.south west) {\scriptsize{-tual laughed, ``Because only time canunderstand how great love is.''}};
%人工翻译---------------
\node [anchor=north west] (ht8) at ([xshift=-3.5em,yshift=0.4em]mt8-4.south west) {\scriptsize{人工翻译:Suddenly, a voice {\color{red}\underline{said,}} ``come, LOVE, I'll take you.'' This is an elder. LOVE was {\color{red}\underline{so over that}} she}};
\node [anchor=north west] (ht8-1) at ([xshift=3.5em,yshift=0.4em]ht8.south west) {\scriptsize{forgot to ask his name. After landing on land, the elder walked away}};
\node [anchor=north west] (ht8-2) at ([yshift=0.4em]ht8-1.south west) {\scriptsize{alone.LOVE was so grateful to the elder that she asked KNOWLEDGE, another elder, {\color{red}\underline{``who help}}}};
\node [anchor=north west] (ht8-3) at ([yshift=0.4em]ht8-2.south west) {\scriptsize{{\color{red}\underline{-ed me?''}} ``He is TIME.'' The {\color{red}\underline{old man}} replied. ``TIME?'' LOVE asked. ``why did he help me?'' The}};
\node [anchor=north west] (ht8-4) at ([yshift=0.4em]ht8-3.south west) {\scriptsize{old man smiled and said, ``Because only time can understand how great love is.''}};
%{
%\draw[dotted,thick,ublue] ([xshift=10.3em,yshift=0.3em]mt8.south west)--%([xshift=-5.2em,yshift=-0.3em]ht8.north);
%}
\begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
{
\node[rectangle,draw=ublue, inner sep=0mm] [fit =(original1)(mt4)(ht1)(mt1)(mt1)(ht1)(ht8-4)] {};
\node[rectangle,draw=ublue, inner sep=0mm] [fit =(original1)(ht1)(mt1)(mt4-1)] {};
}
\end{pgfonlayer}
......
\definecolor{ublue}{rgb}{0.152,0.250,0.545}
\definecolor{ugreen}{rgb}{0,0.5,0}
%%% outline
%-------------------------------------------------------------------------
\begin{tikzpicture}
\node [pos=0.4,left,xshift=-0.4em,yshift=2.0em,,opacity=0.0] (original1) {\scriptsize{\qquad 文:从前有一个小岛,上面住着快乐、悲哀、知识和爱,还有其他各种情感。一天,情感们得知}};
\node [anchor=north west] (mt4-2) at ([xshift=3.5em,yshift=0.3em]original1.south west) {\scriptsize{ Love saw vanity in a magnificent boat and said, ``Vanity, help me!'' ``I can't help you. You are {\color{red}\underline{soak}}}};
\node [anchor=north west] (mt4-3) at ([yshift=0.4em]mt4-2.south west) {\scriptsize{{\color{red}\underline{-ed to the skin}} and will damage my beautiful boat.'' When sorrow came, love asked him for help: ``}};
\node [anchor=north west] (mt4-4) at ([yshift=0.4em]mt4-3.south west) {\scriptsize{sorrow, let me go with you!'' ``Oh,...love, I am so sad that I want to be alone for a while!'' Sadly rep}};
\node [anchor=north west] (mt4-5) at ([yshift=0.4em]mt4-4.south west) {\scriptsize{-lied. Happiness {\color{red}\underline{approached}} love, but she was too happy to hear love calling her!}};
%人工翻译---------------
\node [anchor=north west] (ht4) at ([xshift=-3.5em,yshift=0.3em]mt4-5.south west) {\scriptsize{人工翻译:At that moment, WEALTH {\color{red}\underline{was passing by}} in a big boat. Love said,``WEALTH, can you take me}};
\node [anchor=north west] (ht4-1) at ([xshift=3.5em,yshift=0.4em]ht4.south west) {\scriptsize{with you?'' WEALTH answered, ``no, {\color{red}\underline{there is a lot}} of gold and silver in my boat. There is no place}};
\node [anchor=north west] (ht4-2) at ([yshift=0.4em]ht4-1.south west) {\scriptsize{for you.'' Love saw VANITY in a beautiful boat and said, ``VANITY, help me!'' ``I can't help you.}};
\node [anchor=north west] (ht4-3) at ([yshift=0.4em]ht4-2.south west) {\scriptsize{You are {\color{red}\underline{all wet,}} and will break my pretty boat.'' Then SADNESS came. Love asked for help,``SAD}};
\node [anchor=north west] (ht4-4) at ([yshift=0.4em]ht4-3.south west) {\scriptsize{-NESS, let me go with you!'' ``Oh,...LOVE, I am so sad that I want to be alone for a while!'' ``Repli}};
\node [anchor=north west] (ht4-5) at ([yshift=0.4em]ht4-4.south west) {\scriptsize{-ed SADNESS. JOY {\color{red}\underline{came close to }} love, but she was so happy that she did not hear him call her!}};
%第三段--------------------------------
\node[anchor=north west] (original8) at ([xshift=-3.5em,yshift=-0.3em]ht4-5.south west) {\scriptsize{\qquad 文:突然,一个声音传来:``过来,爱,我带你走。''这是位长者。爱大喜过望,竟忘了问他他}};
\node[anchor=north west] (original8-1) at ([xshift=3.5em,yshift=0.3em]original8.south west) {\scriptsize{的名字。登上陆地后,长者独自走开了。爱对长者感激不尽,问另一位长者知识:``帮我的}};
\node[anchor=north west] (original8-2) at ([yshift=0.3em]original8-1.south west) {\scriptsize{那个人是谁?''``他是时间。''知识老人回答。``时间?''爱问道,``他为什么要帮我?''知识老}};
\node[anchor=north west] (original8-3) at ([yshift=0.3em]original8-2.south west) {\scriptsize{人笑道:``因为只有时间才能理解爱有多么伟大。''}};
%机器翻译--------------
\node [anchor=north west] (mt8) at ([xshift=-3.5em,yshift=0.4em]original8-3.south west) {\scriptsize{机器翻译:Suddenly, a voice {\color{red}\underline{came:}} ``Come here, love, I'll take you away.'' This is an elder. Love was {\color{red}\underline{overjoy}}}};
\node [anchor=north west] (mt8-1) at ([xshift=3.5em,yshift=0.4em]mt8.south west) {\scriptsize{{\color{red}\underline{-ed and}} forgot to ask his name. After landing on land, the elder walked away alone.Love was very}};
\node [anchor=north west] (mt8-2) at ([yshift=0.4em]mt8-1.south west) {\scriptsize{grateful to the elder and asked another elder knowledge, {\color{red}\underline{``Who is the person who helped me?''}} ``He}};
\node [anchor=north west] (mt8-3) at ([yshift=0.4em]mt8-2.south west) {\scriptsize{is time.'' The {\color{red}\underline{old intellectual}} replied. ``Time?'' Love asked,``Why did he help me?'' The old intellec}};
\node [anchor=north west] (mt8-4) at ([yshift=0.4em]mt8-3.south west) {\scriptsize{-tual laughed, ``Because only time canunderstand how great love is.''}};
%人工翻译---------------
\node [anchor=north west] (ht8) at ([xshift=-3.5em,yshift=0.4em]mt8-4.south west) {\scriptsize{人工翻译:Suddenly, a voice {\color{red}\underline{said,}} ``come, LOVE, I'll take you.'' This is an elder. LOVE was {\color{red}\underline{so over that}} she}};
\node [anchor=north west] (ht8-1) at ([xshift=3.5em,yshift=0.4em]ht8.south west) {\scriptsize{forgot to ask his name. After landing on land, the elder walked away}};
\node [anchor=north west] (ht8-2) at ([yshift=0.4em]ht8-1.south west) {\scriptsize{alone.LOVE was so grateful to the elder that she asked KNOWLEDGE, another elder, {\color{red}\underline{``who help}}}};
\node [anchor=north west] (ht8-3) at ([yshift=0.4em]ht8-2.south west) {\scriptsize{{\color{red}\underline{-ed me?''}} ``He is TIME.'' The {\color{red}\underline{old man}} replied. ``TIME?'' LOVE asked. ``why did he help me?'' The}};
\node [anchor=north west] (ht8-4) at ([yshift=0.4em]ht8-3.south west) {\scriptsize{old man smiled and said, ``Because only time can understand how great love is.''}};
%{
%\draw[dotted,thick,ublue] ([xshift=10.3em,yshift=0.3em]mt8.south west)--%([xshift=-5.2em,yshift=-0.3em]ht8.north);
%}
\begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
{
\node[rectangle,draw=ublue, inner sep=0mm] [fit = (mt4-2)(ht4)(ht8-4)] {};
}
\end{pgfonlayer}
\end{tikzpicture}
......@@ -220,19 +220,13 @@
%----------------------------------------------
\begin{figure}[htp]
\centering
\input{./Chapter1/Figures/figure-example-rbmt}
\setlength{\belowcaptionskip}{-1.5em}
\caption{基于规则的机器翻译的示例图(左:规则库;右:规则匹配结果)}
\label{fig:1-8}
\input{./Chapter1/Figures/figure-comparison-mt-ht-1}
\end{figure}
%-------------------------------------------
%----------------------------------------------
\begin{figure}[htp]
\centering
\input{./Chapter1/Figures/figure-comparison-mt-ht}
\setlength{\belowcaptionskip}{7.0em}
\input{./Chapter1/Figures/figure-comparison-mt-ht-2}
\caption{机器翻译与人工翻译实例结果对比}
\setlength{\belowcaptionskip}{7.0em}
\label{fig:1-9}
\end{figure}
%-------------------------------------------
......@@ -256,6 +250,16 @@
\parinterval\ref{fig:1-8}展示了一个使用规则进行翻译的实例。这里,利用一个简单的汉译英规则库完成对句子``我对你感到满意''的翻译。当翻译``我''时,从规则库中找到规则1,该规则表示遇到单词``我''就翻译为``I'';类似地,也可以从规则库中找到规则4,该规则表示翻译调序,即将单词``you''放到``be satisfied with''后面。可以看到,这些规则的使用和进行翻译时所使用的思想非常类似,可以说基于规则方法实际上在试图描述人类进行翻译的思维过程。
%----------------------------------------------
\begin{figure}[htp]
\centering
\input{./Chapter1/Figures/figure-example-rbmt}
\setlength{\belowcaptionskip}{-1.5em}
\caption{基于规则的机器翻译的示例图(左:规则库;右:规则匹配结果)}
\label{fig:1-8}
\end{figure}
%-------------------------------------------
\parinterval 但是,基于规则的机器翻译也存在问题。首先,书写规则需要消耗大量人力,规则库的维护代价极高;其次,规则很难涵盖所有的语言现象;再有,自然语言存在大量的歧义现象,规则之间也会存在冲突,这也导致规则数量不可能无限制增长。
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
......
%------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%%% CKY解码
% 看NiuTrans Manual
\begin{center}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\tikzstyle{alignmentnode} = [rectangle,fill=blue!30,minimum size=0.45em,text=white,inner sep=0.1pt]
\tikzstyle{selectnode} = [rectangle,fill=green!20,minimum height=1.5em,minimum width=1.5em,inner sep=1.2pt]
\tikzstyle{srcnode} = [anchor=south west]
\begin{scope}[scale=0.85]
\node[srcnode] (c1) at (0,0) {\normalsize{\textbf{Function} CKY-Algorithm($\textbf{s},G$)}};
\node[srcnode,anchor=north west] (c21) at ([xshift=1.5em,yshift=0.4em]c1.south west) {\normalsize{\textbf{fore} $j=0$ to $ J - 1$}};
\node[srcnode,anchor=north west] (c22) at ([xshift=1.5em,yshift=0.4em]c21.south west) {\normalsize{$span[j,j+1 ]$.Add($A \to a \in G$)}};
\node[srcnode,anchor=north west] (c3) at ([xshift=-1.5em,yshift=0.4em]c22.south west) {\normalsize{\textbf{for} $l$ = 1 to $J$}};
\node[srcnode,anchor=west] (c31) at ([xshift=6em]c3.east) {\normalsize{// length of span}};
\node[srcnode,anchor=north west] (c4) at ([xshift=1.5em,yshift=0.4em]c3.south west) {\normalsize{\textbf{for} $j$ = 0 to $J-l$}};
\node[srcnode,anchor=north west] (c41) at ([yshift=0.4em]c31.south west) {\normalsize{// beginning of span}};
\node[srcnode,anchor=north west] (c5) at ([xshift=1.5em,yshift=0.4em]c4.south west) {\normalsize{\textbf{for} $k$ = $j$ to $j+l$}};
\node[srcnode,anchor=north west] (c51) at ([yshift=0.4em]c41.south west) {\normalsize{// partition of span}};
\node[srcnode,anchor=north west] (c6) at ([xshift=1.5em,yshift=0.4em]c5.south west) {\normalsize{$hypos$ = Compose($span[j, k], span[k, j+l]$)}};
\node[srcnode,anchor=north west] (c7) at ([yshift=0.4em]c6.south west) {\normalsize{$span[j, j+l]$.Update($hypos$)}};
\node[srcnode,anchor=north west] (c8) at ([xshift=-4.5em,yshift=0.4em]c7.south west) {\normalsize{\textbf{return} $span[0, J]$}};
\node[anchor=west] (c9) at ([xshift=-3.2em,yshift=1.7em]c1.west) {\small{\textrm{参数:}\textbf{s}为输入字符串。$G$为输入CFG。$J$为待分析字符串长度。}};
\node[anchor=west] (c10) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=1.3em]c9.west) {\small{\textrm{输出:字符串全部可能的语法分析结果}}};
\node[anchor=west] (c11) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=1.3em]c10.west) {\small{\textrm{输入:符合乔姆斯基范式的待分析字符串和一个上下文无关文法(CFG)}}};
\begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
\node [rectangle,inner sep=0.2em,rounded corners=1pt,fill=blue!10!white] [fit = (c1) (c21) (c3) (c6) (c7) (c8) (c11)] (gl1) {};
\end{pgfonlayer}
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{center}
%------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%%% 基于树的解码方法 - chart-based decoding
\begin{center}
\begin{tikzpicture}\footnotesize
\begin{scope}[scale=0.2]
\node[anchor=south east] (g1) at (0,0) {\small{$\textrm{S} \to \textrm{AB}\ \ \ \textrm{A} \to \textrm{CD}\ \vert \ \textrm{CF}\ \ \ \textrm{B} \to \textrm{c}\ \vert \ \textrm{BE}$}};
\node[anchor=north west] (g2) at ([yshift=0.3em]g1.south west) {\small{$\textrm{C} \to \textrm{a}\ \ \ \ \textrm{D} \to \textrm{b}\ \ \ \ \textrm{E} \to \textrm{c}\ \ \ \ \textrm{F} \to \textrm{AD}$}};
\begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
\node [rectangle,inner sep=0.1em,rounded corners=1pt,fill=green!10,drop shadow,draw=ugreen] [fit = (g1) (g2)] (gl1) {};
\end{pgfonlayer}
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{center}
......@@ -1295,18 +1295,23 @@
//bibsource = {dblp computer science bibliography, https://dblp.org}
}
@article{crammer2003ultraconservative,
author = {Koby Crammer and
Yoram Singer},
title = {Ultraconservative Online Algorithms for Multiclass Problems},
journal = {Journal of Machine Learning Research},
volume = {3},
pages = {951--991},
year = {2003},
//url = {http://jmlr.org/papers/v3/crammer03a.html},
//timestamp = {Wed, 10 Jul 2019 15:28:37 +0200},
//biburl = {https://dblp.org/rec/journals/jmlr/CrammerS03.bib},
//bibsource = {dblp computer science bibliography, https://dblp.org}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/emnlp/ChiangMR08,
author = {David Chiang and
Yuval Marton and
Philip Resnik},
title = {Online Large-Margin Training of Syntactic and Structural Translation
Features},
booktitle = {2008 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing,
{EMNLP} 2008, Proceedings of the Conference, 25-27 October 2008, Honolulu,
Hawaii, USA, {A} meeting of SIGDAT, a Special Interest Group of the
{ACL}},
pages = {224--233},
publisher = {{ACL}},
year = {2008},
url = {https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/D08-1024/},
timestamp = {Fri, 13 Sep 2019 13:08:45 +0200},
biburl = {https://dblp.org/rec/conf/emnlp/ChiangMR08.bib},
bibsource = {dblp computer science bibliography, https://dblp.org}
}
@inproceedings{dreyer2015apro,
......@@ -1804,21 +1809,23 @@ year ={2008},
//biburl = {https://dblp.org/rec/conf/naacl/OchGKSYFKSSEJJR04.bib},
//bibsource = {dblp computer science bibliography, https://dblp.org}
}
@article{OchA,
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/coling/OchN00,
author = {Franz Josef Och and
Hermann Ney},
title = {A Systematic Comparison of Various Statistical Alignment Models},
journal = {Computational Linguistics},
volume = {29},
number = {1},
pages = {19--51},
year = {2003},
//url = {https://doi.org/10.1162/089120103321337421},
//doi = {10.1162/089120103321337421},
//timestamp = {Tue, 21 May 2019 18:03:32 +0200},
//biburl = {https://dblp.org/rec/journals/coling/OchN03.bib},
//bibsource = {dblp computer science bibliography, https://dblp.org}
title = {A Comparison of Alignment Models for Statistical Machine Translation},
booktitle = {{COLING} 2000, 18th International Conference on Computational Linguistics,
Proceedings of the Conference, 2 Volumes, July 31 - August 4, 2000,
Universit{\"{a}}t des Saarlandes, Saarbr{\"{u}}cken, Germany},
pages = {1086--1090},
publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
year = {2000},
url = {https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C00-2163/},
timestamp = {Mon, 16 Sep 2019 17:08:53 +0200},
biburl = {https://dblp.org/rec/conf/coling/OchN00.bib},
bibsource = {dblp computer science bibliography, https://dblp.org}
}
@article{powell1964an,
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//url ={http://doras.dcu.ie/15230/},
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//biburl = {https://dblp.org/rec/conf/emnlp/XiaoLZZZ09.bib},
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......
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