\definecolor{ublue}{rgb}{0.152,0.250,0.545}
\definecolor{ugreen}{rgb}{0,0.5,0}



%%% outline
%-------------------------------------------------------------------------
\begin{tikzpicture}

\begin{scope}[sibling distance=7pt,level distance=22pt]
\Tree[.\node[inner sep=1pt](sn0){IP\scriptsize{:句子}};
          [.\node[inner sep=1pt](sn1){NP\scriptsize{:名}};
               [.\node[inner sep=1pt](sn2){NN\tiny{:名词}}; \node(sw1){猫}; ]
          ]
          [.\node[inner sep=1pt](sn3){VP\scriptsize{:动}};
               [.\node[inner sep=1pt](sn4){VV\tiny{:动词}}; \node(sw2){喜欢}; ]
               [.\node[inner sep=1pt](sn5){VP\scriptsize{:动}};
                     [.\node[inner sep=1pt](sn6){VV\tiny{:动词}}; \node(sw1){吃}; ]
                     [.\node[inner sep=1pt](sn7){NN\tiny{:名词}}; \node(sw1){鱼}; ]
               ]
          ]
     ]

\Tree[.\node[inner sep=1pt](sn0){IP\scriptsize{:句子}};
          [.\node[inner sep=1pt](sn1){NP\scriptsize{:名}};
               [.\node[inner sep=1pt,fill=blue!20](sn2){NN\tiny{:名词}}; \node(sw1){猫}; ]
          ]
          [.\node[inner sep=1pt](sn3){VP\scriptsize{:动}};
               [.\node[inner sep=1pt,fill=blue!20](sn4){VV\tiny{:动词}}; \node(sw2){喜欢}; ]
               [.\node[inner sep=1pt](sn5){VP\scriptsize{:动}};
                     [.\node[inner sep=1pt,fill=blue!20](sn6){VV\tiny{:动词}}; \node(sw1){吃}; ]
                     [.\node[inner sep=1pt,fill=blue!20](sn7){NN\tiny{:名词}}; \node(sw1){鱼}; ]
               ]
          ]
     ]

\Tree[.\node[inner sep=1pt,fill=red!20](sn0){IP\scriptsize{:句子}};
          [.\node[inner sep=1pt,fill=red!20](sn1){NP\scriptsize{:名}};
               [.\node[inner sep=1pt,fill=blue!20](sn2){NN\tiny{:名词}}; \node(sw1){猫}; ]
          ]
          [.\node[inner sep=1pt,fill=red!20](sn3){VP\scriptsize{:动}};
               [.\node[inner sep=1pt,fill=blue!20](sn4){VV\tiny{:动词}}; \node(sw2){喜欢}; ]
               [.\node[inner sep=1pt](sn5){VP\scriptsize{:动}};
                     [.\node[inner sep=1pt,fill=blue!20](sn6){VV\tiny{:动词}}; \node(sw1){吃}; ]
                     [.\node[inner sep=1pt,fill=blue!20](sn7){NN\tiny{:名词}}; \node(sw1){鱼}; ]
               ]
          ]
     ]

\Tree[.\node[inner sep=1pt,fill=red!20](sn0){IP\scriptsize{:句子}};
          [.\node[inner sep=1pt,fill=red!20](sn1){NP\scriptsize{:名}};
               [.\node[inner sep=1pt,fill=blue!20](sn2){NN\tiny{:名词}}; \node(sw1){猫}; ]
          ]
          [.\node[inner sep=1pt,fill=red!20](sn3){VP\scriptsize{:动}};
               [.\node[inner sep=1pt,fill=blue!20](sn4){VV\tiny{:动词}}; \node(sw2){喜欢}; ]
               [.\node[inner sep=1pt,fill=green!20](sn5){VP\scriptsize{:动}};
                     [.\node[inner sep=1pt,fill=green!20](sn6){VV\tiny{:动词}}; \node(sw1){吃}; ]
                     [.\node[inner sep=1pt,fill=green!20](sn7){NN\tiny{:名词}}; \node(sw1){鱼}; ]
               ]
          ]
     ]

\end{scope}

\begin{scope}[xshift=1.7in,yshift=-0.4in]

\node [,inner sep=2pt] (w1) at (0,0) {猫};
\node [anchor=west,inner sep=2pt] (w2) at ([xshift=0.8em,yshift=3em]w1.east) {喜欢};
\node [anchor=west,inner sep=2pt] (w3) at ([xshift=4.5em]w1.east) {吃};
\node [anchor=west,inner sep=2pt] (w4) at ([xshift=2em,yshift=-3em]w3.east) {鱼};

\draw [-,ultra thick,ublue] (w1.north east) -- (w2.south) node [pos=0.3, above, xshift=-0.5em] {\color{red}{\tiny{主谓}}};
\draw [-,ultra thick,red] (w3.north west) -- (w2.south) node [pos=0.3, above, xshift=0.5em] {\color{red}{\tiny{连动}}};
\draw [-,ultra thick,ugreen] (w3.south east) -- (w4.north west) node [pos=0.5, above, xshift=0.5em] {\color{red}{\tiny{谓宾}}};

\end{scope}

\end{tikzpicture}