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Chapter1/Figures/example-of-source-structure.tex
...@@ -2,35 +2,30 @@ ...@@ -2,35 +2,30 @@
%%% 句法树(层次短语) %%% 句法树(层次短语)
\begin{tikzpicture} \begin{tikzpicture}
{\small {\small
\begin{scope}[sibling distance=10pt, level distance = 20pt] \begin{scope}[sibling distance=15pt, level distance = 20pt]
{\scriptsize {\scriptsize
\Tree[.\node(n1){\textbf{zj}}; \Tree[.\node(r){IP};
[.\node(n2){\textbf{dj}}; [.\node(n11){NP}; [.\node(n21){PN}; [.\node(l1){她};]]]
[.\node(n3){\textbf{np}}; \node(cw1){她}; ] [.\node(n12){VP};
[.\node(n4){\textbf{vp}}; [.\node(n22){BA}; \node(l2){把}; ]
[. \node(cw1){pp}; [.\node(n23){IP};
[. \node(cw2){把}; ] [. \node(n31){NP};
[. \node(cw3){np}; [. \node(n41){QP};
[. \node(cw4){mp}; [. \node(n51){CD}; \node(l3){一};]
[. \node(p1){一}; ] [. \node(n52){CLP}; [.\node(n61){M}; [.\node(l4){束};]]]
[. \node(p2){束}; ]
] ]
[. \node(cw5){np}; \node(p3){花}; ] [. \node(n42){NP}; [.\node(n53){NN}; [.\node(l5){花};]]]
] ]
[. \node(n32){VP};
[. \node(n43){VV}; \node(l6){放在};]
[. \node(n44){LCP};
[. \node(n54){NP}; [.\node(n62){NN}; [.\node(l7){桌};]]]
[. \node(n55){LC}; \node(l8){上};]
] ]
[. \node(cw6){vp};
[. \node(cw7){放}; ]
[. \node(cw8){pp};
[. \node(cw9){在}; ]
[. \node(cw10){sp};
[. \node(cw11){桌}; ]
[. \node(cw12){上}; ]
] ]
] ]
] ]
] [.\node(n13){PU}; \node(l9){。};]
]
[.\node(n5){\textbf{。}}; ]
] ]
} }
\end{scope} \end{scope}
......
Chapter1/Figures/figure-example-smt.tex
...@@ -9,12 +9,12 @@ ...@@ -9,12 +9,12 @@
{ {
\begin{scope} \begin{scope}
{\scriptsize {\scriptsize
\node [anchor=north west] (example1) at (0,0) {\textbf{1:} 源=他\ 在\ 哪\ ?}; \node [anchor=north west] (example1) at (0,0) {\textbf{1:} 源=他\ 在\ 哪};
\node [anchor=north west] (example1part2) at ([yshift=0.2em]example1.south west) {\hspace{1em} 译=\ Where is he ?}; \node [anchor=north west] (example1part2) at ([yshift=0.2em]example1.south west) {\hspace{1em} 译=\ Where is he};
\node [anchor=north west] (example2) at ([yshift=0.1em]example1part2.south west) {\textbf{2:} 源=我\ 真高兴}; \node [anchor=north west] (example2) at ([yshift=0.1em]example1part2.south west) {\textbf{2:} 源=我\ 真高兴};
\node [anchor=north west] (example2part2) at ([yshift=0.2em]example2.south west) {\hspace{1em} 译=\ I'm so happy}; \node [anchor=north west] (example2part2) at ([yshift=0.2em]example2.south west) {\hspace{1em} 译=\ I'm so happy};
\node [anchor=north west] (example3) at ([yshift=0.1em]example2part2.south west) {\textbf{3:} 源=出发\ ！}; \node [anchor=north west] (example3) at ([yshift=0.1em]example2part2.south west) {\textbf{3:} 源=出发};
\node [anchor=north west] (example3part2) at ([yshift=0.2em]example3.south west) {\hspace{1em} 译=\ Let's go!}; \node [anchor=north west] (example3part2) at ([yshift=0.2em]example3.south west) {\hspace{1em} 译=\ Let's go};
\node [anchor=north west] (example4) at ([yshift=0.1em]example3part2.south west) {\hspace{1em} ...}; \node [anchor=north west] (example4) at ([yshift=0.1em]example3part2.south west) {\hspace{1em} ...};
\node [anchor=north west] (example5) at ([yshift=0.1em]example4.south west) {\hspace{1em}\quad}; \node [anchor=north west] (example5) at ([yshift=0.1em]example4.south west) {\hspace{1em}\quad};
\node [anchor=north west] (example6) at ([yshift=0.1em]example5.south west) {\hspace{1em}\quad}; \node [anchor=north west] (example6) at ([yshift=0.1em]example5.south west) {\hspace{1em}\quad};
...@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@ ...@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
{ {
\begin{scope} [yshift=-1.55in] \begin{scope} [yshift=-1.55in]
{\scriptsize {\scriptsize
\node [anchor=north west] (entry1) at (0,0) {\textbf{1:} What is NiuTrans ?\qquad \qquad }; \node [anchor=north west] (entry1) at (0,0) {\textbf{1:} What is NiuTrans\qquad \qquad };
\node [anchor=north west] (entry2) at ([yshift=0.0em]entry1.south west) {\textbf{2:} Are you fulfilled ?}; \node [anchor=north west] (entry2) at ([yshift=0.0em]entry1.south west) {\textbf{2:} Are you fulfilled};
\node [anchor=north west] (entry3) at ([yshift=0.0em]entry2.south west) {\textbf{3:} Yes, you are right .}; \node [anchor=north west] (entry3) at ([yshift=0.0em]entry2.south west) {\textbf{3:} You are right};
\node [anchor=north west] (entry4) at ([yshift=0.0em]entry3.south west) {\hspace{1em} ...}; \node [anchor=north west] (entry4) at ([yshift=0.0em]entry3.south west) {\hspace{1em} ...};
\node [anchor=north west] (entry5) at ([yshift=0.1em]entry4.south west) {\hspace{1em}{\quad}}; \node [anchor=north west] (entry5) at ([yshift=0.1em]entry4.south west) {\hspace{1em}{\quad}};
\node [anchor=north west] (entry6) at ([xshift=11.6em,yshift=0.65em]entry5.south west) {}; \node [anchor=north west] (entry6) at ([xshift=11.6em,yshift=0.65em]entry5.south west) {};
...@@ -79,15 +79,16 @@ ...@@ -79,15 +79,16 @@
\begin{scope}[xshift=1.7in,yshift=-1.55in] \begin{scope}[xshift=1.7in,yshift=-1.55in]
{\scriptsize {\scriptsize
\node [anchor=north west] (ngram1) at (0,0) {$\textrm{Pr}(\textrm{I}) = 0.0001$}; \node [anchor=north west] (ngram1) at (0,0) {$\textrm{Pr}(\textrm{I}) = 0.0001$};
\node [anchor=north west] (ngram2) at ([yshift=0.0em]ngram1.south west) {$\textrm{Pr}(\textrm{I} \to \textrm{am}) = 0.623$}; \node [anchor=north west] (ngram2) at ([yshift=0.0em]ngram1.south west) {$\textrm{Pr}(\textrm{I}\ \textrm{am}) = 0.623$};
\node [anchor=north west] (ngram3) at ([yshift=0.0em]ngram2.south west) {$\textrm{Pr}(\textrm{I} \to \textrm{was}) = 0.21$}; \node [anchor=north west] (ngram3) at ([yshift=0.0em]ngram2.south west) {$\textrm{Pr}(\textrm{I}\ \textrm{was}) = 0.21$};
\node [anchor=north west] (ngram4) at ([yshift=-0.2em]ngram3.south west) {...}; \node [anchor=north west] (ngram4) at ([yshift=-0.2em]ngram3.south west) {...};
\node [anchor=north east] (ngrame) at ([yshift=-1in]phrase5.south east) {};
\node [anchor=south west] (lmlabel) at (ngram1.north west) {{\color{ublue} \small{语言模型}}}; \node [anchor=south west] (lmlabel) at (ngram1.north west) {{\color{ublue} \small{语言模型}}};
} }
\begin{pgfonlayer}{background} \begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
{ {
\node[rectangle,draw=ublue, inner sep=0mm] [fit = (ngram1) (ngram2) (ngram3) (ngram4) (lmlabel)] (langaugemodel) {}; \node[rectangle,draw=ublue, inner sep=0mm] [fit = (ngram1) (ngram2) (ngram3) (ngram4) (lmlabel) (ngrame)] (langaugemodel) {};
} }
\end{pgfonlayer} \end{pgfonlayer}
......
Chapter1/Figures/figure-zh-sentences-into-en-sentences.tex
...@@ -10,8 +10,8 @@ ...@@ -10,8 +10,8 @@
\begin{scope} \begin{scope}
{ {
{\footnotesize {\footnotesize
\node [anchor=north west] (example1) at (0,0) {\textbf{1:} 源=什么\ 时候\ 开始\ ?}; \node [anchor=north west] (example1) at (0,0) {\textbf{1:} 源=什么\ 时候\ 开始};
\node [anchor=north west] (example1part2) at ([yshift=0.5em]example1.south west) {\hspace{1em} 译=\ When will it start ?}; \node [anchor=north west] (example1part2) at ([yshift=0.5em]example1.south west) {\hspace{1em} 译=\ When will it start};
\node [anchor=north west] (example2) at ([yshift=0.1em]example1part2.south west) {\textbf{2:} 源=我\ 对\ 他\ 感到\ 高兴}; \node [anchor=north west] (example2) at ([yshift=0.1em]example1part2.south west) {\textbf{2:} 源=我\ 对\ 他\ 感到\ 高兴};
\node [anchor=north west] (example2part2) at ([yshift=0.5em]example2.south west) {\hspace{1em} 译=\ I am happy with him}; \node [anchor=north west] (example2part2) at ([yshift=0.5em]example2.south west) {\hspace{1em} 译=\ I am happy with him};
\node [anchor=north west] (example3) at ([yshift=0.1em]example2part2.south west) {\hspace{1em} ...}; \node [anchor=north west] (example3) at ([yshift=0.1em]example2part2.south west) {\hspace{1em} ...};
...@@ -35,14 +35,12 @@ ...@@ -35,14 +35,12 @@
\node [anchor=north west] (entry3) at ([yshift=0.1em]entry2.south west) {\textbf{3:} 满意 \hspace{-0.4em} $\to$ \hspace{-0.4em} satisfy \hspace{-0.12em}$\mid$\hspace{-0.12em} satisfied ... }; \node [anchor=north west] (entry3) at ([yshift=0.1em]entry2.south west) {\textbf{3:} 满意 \hspace{-0.4em} $\to$ \hspace{-0.4em} satisfy \hspace{-0.12em}$\mid$\hspace{-0.12em} satisfied ... };
\node [anchor=north west] (entry4) at ([yshift=0.1em]entry3.south west) {\hspace{1em} ...}; \node [anchor=north west] (entry4) at ([yshift=0.1em]entry3.south west) {\hspace{1em} ...};
\node [anchor=south west] (dictionarylabel) at (entry1.north west) {{\color{ublue} 资源2：翻译词典}}; \node [anchor=south west] (dictionarylabel) at (entry1.north west) {{\color{ublue} 资源2：翻译词典}};
\node [anchor=west,opacity=0.0] (empty) at ([yshift=-0.2em]entry3.west) {\hspace{1em} 译=\ I am happy with him};
} }
} }
\begin{pgfonlayer}{background} \begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
{ {
\node[rectangle,draw=ublue, inner sep=0mm] [fit = (entry1) (entry2) (entry3) (entry4) (dictionarylabel) (empty)] {}; \node[rectangle,draw=ublue, inner sep=0mm] [fit = (entry1) (entry2) (entry3) (entry4) (dictionarylabel)] {};
} }
\end{pgfonlayer} \end{pgfonlayer}
......
Chapter1/chapter1.tex
...@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ ...@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@
\parinterval 人工翻译已经存在了上千年，而机器翻译又起源于什么时候呢？机器翻译跌宕起伏的发展史可以分为萌芽期、受挫期、快速成长期和爆发期四个阶段。 \parinterval 人工翻译已经存在了上千年，而机器翻译又起源于什么时候呢？机器翻译跌宕起伏的发展史可以分为萌芽期、受挫期、快速成长期和爆发期四个阶段。
\parinterval 17世纪，Descartes提出世界语言的概念\upcite{knowlson1975universal}，他希望使用统一符号表示不同语言、相同含义的词汇，以此来克服语言障碍，这种想法在当时是很超前的。随着语言学、计算机科学等学科的发展，在19世纪30年代使用计算模型进行自动翻译的思想开始萌芽，如当时法国科学家Georges Artsrouni就提出用机器来进行翻译的想法。只是那时依然没有合适的实现手段，所以这种想法的合理性无法被证实。 \parinterval 早在17世纪，如Descartes、Leibniz、Cave\ Beck、Athanasius\ Kircher和Johann\ Joachim\ Becher等很多学者就提出采用机器词典（电子词典）来克服语言障碍的想法\upcite{knowlson1975universal}，这种想法在当时是很超前的。随着语言学、计算机科学等学科的发展，在19世纪30年代使用计算模型进行自动翻译的思想开始萌芽，如当时法国科学家Georges Artsrouni就提出用机器来进行翻译的想法。只是那时依然没有合适的实现手段，所以这种想法的合理性无法被证实。
\parinterval 随着第二次世界大战爆发， 对文字进行加密和解密成为重要的军事需求，这也使得数学和密码学变得相当发达。在战争结束一年后，世界上第一台通用电子数字计算机于1946年研制成功（图\ref{fig:1-4}），至此使用机器进行翻译有了真正实现的可能。 \parinterval 随着第二次世界大战爆发， 对文字进行加密和解密成为重要的军事需求，这也使得数学和密码学变得相当发达。在战争结束一年后，世界上第一台通用电子数字计算机于1946年研制成功（图\ref{fig:1-4}），至此使用机器进行翻译有了真正实现的可能。
...@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ ...@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\parinterval 机器翻译技术大体上可以分为三种方法，分别为基于规则的机器翻译、统计机器翻译以及神经机器翻译。第一代机器翻译技术是主要使用基于规则的机器翻译方法，其主要思想是通过形式文法定义的规则引入源语言和目标语中的语言学知识。此类方法在机器翻译技术诞生之初就被人所关注，特别是在上世纪70年代，以基于规则方法为代表的专家系统是人工智能中最具代表性的研究领域。甚至到了统计机器翻译时代，很多系统中也大量地使用了基于规则的翻译知识表达形式。 \parinterval 机器翻译技术大体上可以分为三种方法，分别为基于规则的机器翻译、统计机器翻译以及神经机器翻译。第一代机器翻译技术是主要使用基于规则的机器翻译方法，其主要思想是通过形式文法定义的规则引入源语言和目标语中的语言学知识。此类方法在机器翻译技术诞生之初就被人所关注，特别是在上世纪70年代，以基于规则方法为代表的专家系统是人工智能中最具代表性的研究领域。甚至到了统计机器翻译时代，很多系统中也大量地使用了基于规则的翻译知识表达形式。
\parinterval 早期，基于规则的机器翻译大多依赖人工定义及书写的规则。主要有两类方法\upcite{nirenburg1989knowledge}：一类是基于转换规则的机器翻译方法，简称转换法。另一类是基于中间语言的方法。它们都以词典和人工书写的规则库作为翻译知识，用一系列规则的组合完成翻译。 \parinterval 早期，基于规则的机器翻译大多依赖人工定义及书写的规则。主要有两类方法\upcite{nirenburg1989knowledge,hutchins1986machine,zarechnak1979history}：一类是基于转换规则的机器翻译方法，简称转换法。另一类是基于中间语言的方法。它们都以词典和人工书写的规则库作为翻译知识，用一系列规则的组合完成翻译。
%---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- %----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
% NEW SUB-SECTION % NEW SUB-SECTION
......
bibliography-old.bib
...@@ -718,6 +718,22 @@ ...@@ -718,6 +718,22 @@
publisher={Springer} publisher={Springer}
} }
@book{hutchins1986machine,
title={Machine translation: past, present, future},
author={Hutchins, William John},
year={1986},
publisher={Ellis Horwood Chichester}
}
@article{zarechnak1979history,
title={The history of machine translation},
author={Zarechnak, Michael},
journal={Machine Translation},
volume={1979},
pages={1--87},
year={1979}
}
@article{jurafsky2000speech, @article{jurafsky2000speech,
title="Speech and Language Processing: An Introduction to Natural Language Processing, Computational Linguistics, and Speech Recognition", title="Speech and Language Processing: An Introduction to Natural Language Processing, Computational Linguistics, and Speech Recognition",
author="Daniel {Jurafsky} and James H. {Martin}", author="Daniel {Jurafsky} and James H. {Martin}",
...@@ -1697,16 +1713,6 @@ ...@@ -1697,16 +1713,6 @@
year={2000} year={2000}
} }
@article{lee1961an,
title="An Algorithm for Path Connections and Its Applications",
author="C. Y. {Lee}",
journal="Ire Transactions on Electronic Computers",
volume="10",
number="3",
pages="346--365",
year="1961"
}
@book{even2011graph, @book{even2011graph,
title={Graph algorithms}, title={Graph algorithms},
author={Even, Shimon}, author={Even, Shimon},
...@@ -1714,6 +1720,49 @@ ...@@ -1714,6 +1720,49 @@
publisher={Cambridge University Press} publisher={Cambridge University Press}
} }
@article{tarjan1972depth,
title={Depth-First Search and Linear Graph Algorithms},
author={Robert Endre {Tarjan}},
journal={SIAM Journal on Computing},
volume={1},
number={2},
pages={146--160},
year={1972}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/emnlp/Yang0M18,
author = {Yilin Yang and
Liang Huang and
Mingbo Ma},
editor = {Ellen Riloff and
David Chiang and
Julia Hockenmaier and
Jun'ichi Tsujii},
title = {Breaking the Beam Search Curse: {A} Study of (Re-)Scoring Methods
and Stopping Criteria for Neural Machine Translation},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2018 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural
Language Processing, Brussels, Belgium, October 31 - November 4, 2018},
pages = {3054--3059},
publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
year = {2018}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/amta/Koehn04,
author = {Philipp Koehn},
editor = {Robert E. Frederking and
Kathryn Taylor},
title = {Pharaoh: {A} Beam Search Decoder for Phrase-Based Statistical Machine
Translation Models},
booktitle = {Machine Translation: From Real Users to Research, 6th Conference of
the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas, {AMTA} 2004,
Washington, DC, USA, September 28-October 2, 2004, Proceedings},
series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
volume = {3265},
pages = {115--124},
publisher = {Springer},
year = {2004}
}
%%%%% chapter 2------------------------------------------------------ %%%%% chapter 2------------------------------------------------------
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
......
bibliography.bib
...@@ -122,6 +122,22 @@ ...@@ -122,6 +122,22 @@
publisher={Springer} publisher={Springer}
} }
@book{hutchins1986machine,
title={Machine translation: past, present, future},
author={Hutchins, William John},
year={1986},
publisher={Ellis Horwood Chichester}
}
@article{zarechnak1979history,
title={The history of machine translation},
author={Zarechnak, Michael},
journal={Machine Translation},
volume={1979},
pages={1--87},
year={1979}
}
@book{冯志伟2004机器翻译研究, @book{冯志伟2004机器翻译研究,
title={机器翻译研究}, title={机器翻译研究},
author={冯志伟}, author={冯志伟},
...@@ -176,6 +192,45 @@ ...@@ -176,6 +192,45 @@
year={1993} year={1993}
} }
@article{Wu2016GooglesNM,
author = {Yonghui Wu and
Mike Schuster and
Zhifeng Chen and
Quoc V. Le and
Mohammad Norouzi and
Wolfgang Macherey and
Maxim Krikun and
Yuan Cao and
Qin Gao and
Klaus Macherey and
Jeff Klingner and
Apurva Shah and
Melvin Johnson and
Xiaobing Liu and
Lukasz Kaiser and
Stephan Gouws and
Yoshikiyo Kato and
Taku Kudo and
Hideto Kazawa and
Keith Stevens and
George Kurian and
Nishant Patil and
Wei Wang and
Cliff Young and
Jason Smith and
Jason Riesa and
Alex Rudnick and
Oriol Vinyals and
Greg Corrado and
Macduff Hughes and
Jeffrey Dean},
title = {Google's Neural Machine Translation System: Bridging the Gap between
Human and Machine Translation},
journal = {CoRR},
volume = {abs/1609.08144},
year = {2016}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:journals/corr/LuongPM15, @inproceedings{DBLP:journals/corr/LuongPM15,
author = {Thang Luong and author = {Thang Luong and
Hieu Pham and Hieu Pham and
...@@ -502,14 +557,14 @@ ...@@ -502,14 +557,14 @@
publisher={Cambridge University Press} publisher={Cambridge University Press}
} }
@article{lee1961an, @article{tarjan1972depth,
title="An Algorithm for Path Connections and Its Applications", title={Depth-First Search and Linear Graph Algorithms},
author="C. Y. {Lee}", author={Robert Endre {Tarjan}},
journal="Ire Transactions on Electronic Computers", journal={SIAM Journal on Computing},
volume="10", volume={1},
number="3", number={2},
pages="346--365", pages={146--160},
year="1961" year={1972}
} }
@article{DBLP:journals/ai/SabharwalS11, @article{DBLP:journals/ai/SabharwalS11,
...@@ -574,11 +629,42 @@ ...@@ -574,11 +629,42 @@
pages={189--211}, pages={189--211},
year={1990} year={1990}
} }
%缩写
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/emnlp/HuangZM17,
author = {Liang Huang and
Kai Zhao and
Mingbo Ma},
title = {When to Finish? Optimal Beam Search for Neural Text Generation (modulo
beam size)},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2017 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural
Language Processing, {EMNLP} 2017, Copenhagen, Denmark, September
9-11, 2017},
pages = {2134--2139},
publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
year = {2017}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/emnlp/Yang0M18,
author = {Yilin Yang and
Liang Huang and
Mingbo Ma},
//editor = {Ellen Riloff and
David Chiang and
Julia Hockenmaier and
Jun'ichi Tsujii},
title = {Breaking the Beam Search Curse: {A} Study of (Re-)Scoring Methods
and Stopping Criteria for Neural Machine Translation},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2018 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural
Language Processing, Brussels, Belgium, October 31 - November 4, 2018},
pages = {3054--3059},
publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
year = {2018}
}
@article{jelinek1980interpolated, @article{jelinek1980interpolated,
title={Interpolated estimation of Markov source parameters from sparse data}, title={Interpolated estimation of Markov source parameters from sparse data},
author={F. {Jelinek}}, author={F. {Jelinek}},
journal={Proc. Workshop on Pattern Recognition in Practice, 1980}, journal={Pattern Recognition in Practice},
pages={381--397}, pages={381--397},
year={1980} year={1980}
} }
...@@ -756,7 +842,7 @@ ...@@ -756,7 +842,7 @@
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/acl/WangW97, @inproceedings{DBLP:conf/acl/WangW97,
author = {Ye{-}Yi Wang and author = {Ye{-}Yi Wang and
Alex Waibel}, Alex Waibel},
editor = {Philip R. Cohen and //editor = {Philip R. Cohen and
Wolfgang Wahlster}, Wolfgang Wahlster},
title = {Decoding Algorithm in Statistical Machine Translation}, title = {Decoding Algorithm in Statistical Machine Translation},
booktitle = {35th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics booktitle = {35th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics
...@@ -795,6 +881,47 @@ ...@@ -795,6 +881,47 @@
year={2003} year={2003}
} }
@inproceedings{Koehn2007Moses,
author = {Philipp Koehn and
Hieu Hoang and
Alexandra Birch and
Chris Callison{-}Burch and
Marcello Federico and
Nicola Bertoldi and
Brooke Cowan and
Wade Shen and
Christine Moran and
Richard Zens and
Chris Dyer and
Ondrej Bojar and
Alexandra Constantin and
Evan Herbst},
//editor = {John A. Carroll and
Antal van den Bosch and
Annie Zaenen},
title = {Moses: Open Source Toolkit for Statistical Machine Translation},
booktitle = {{ACL} 2007, Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association
for Computational Linguistics, June 23-30, 2007, Prague, Czech Republic},
publisher = {The Association for Computational Linguistics},
year = {2007}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/amta/Koehn04,
author = {Philipp Koehn},
//editor = {Robert E. Frederking and
Kathryn Taylor},
title = {Pharaoh: {A} Beam Search Decoder for Phrase-Based Statistical Machine
Translation Models},
booktitle = {Machine Translation: From Real Users to Research, 6th Conference of
the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas, {AMTA} 2004,
Washington, DC, USA, September 28-October 2, 2004, Proceedings},
series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
volume = {3265},
pages = {115--124},
publisher = {Springer},
year = {2004}
}
@inproceedings{bangalore2001a, @inproceedings{bangalore2001a,
title={A finite-state approach to machine translation}, title={A finite-state approach to machine translation},
author={S. {Bangalore} and G. {Riccardi}}, author={S. {Bangalore} and G. {Riccardi}},
...@@ -819,6 +946,73 @@ ...@@ -819,6 +946,73 @@
year={2007} year={2007}
} }
@inproceedings{zollmann2007the,
author = {Andreas Zollmann and
Ashish Venugopal and
Matthias Paulik and
Stephan Vogel},
//editor = {Chris Callison{-}Burch and
Philipp Koehn and
Cameron S. Fordyce and
Christof Monz},
title = {The Syntax Augmented {MT} {(SAMT)} System at the Shared Task for the
2007 {ACL} Workshop on Statistical Machine Translation},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Workshop on Statistical Machine Translation,
WMT@ACL 2007, Prague, Czech Republic, June 23, 2007},
pages = {216--219},
publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
year = {2007}
}
@inproceedings{liu2006tree,
author = {Yang Liu and
Qun Liu and
Shouxun Lin},
//editor = {Nicoletta Calzolari and
Claire Cardie and
Pierre Isabelle},
title = {Tree-to-String Alignment Template for Statistical Machine Translation},
booktitle = {{ACL} 2006, 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics
and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics,
Proceedings of the Conference, Sydney, Australia, 17-21 July 2006},
publisher = {The Association for Computer Linguistics},
year = {2006}
}
@inproceedings{galley2006scalable,
author = {Michel Galley and
Jonathan Graehl and
Kevin Knight and
Daniel Marcu and
Steve DeNeefe and
Wei Wang and
Ignacio Thayer},
//editor = {Nicoletta Calzolari and
Claire Cardie and
Pierre Isabelle},
title = {Scalable Inference and Training of Context-Rich Syntactic Translation
Models},
booktitle = {{ACL} 2006, 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics
and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics,
Proceedings of the Conference, Sydney, Australia, 17-21 July 2006},
publisher = {The Association for Computer Linguistics},
year = {2006}
}
@inproceedings{chiang2005a,
author = {David Chiang},
//editor = {Kevin Knight and
Hwee Tou Ng and
Kemal Oflazer},
title = {A Hierarchical Phrase-Based Model for Statistical Machine Translation},
booktitle = {{ACL} 2005, 43rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational
Linguistics, Proceedings of the Conference, 25-30 June 2005, University
of Michigan, {USA}},
pages = {263--270},
publisher = {The Association for Computer Linguistics},
year = {2005}
}
%%%%% chapter 2------------------------------------------------------ %%%%% chapter 2------------------------------------------------------
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