% !Mode:: "TeX:UTF-8"
% !TEX encoding = UTF-8 Unicode

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%% chapter 1------------------------------------------------------

@book{慧立彦宗1983大慈恩寺三藏法师传,
  title={大慈恩寺三藏法师传},
  author={慧立彦宗},
  publisher={中华书局},
  year={1983},
}

@book{2019cns,
  title={2019中国语言服务行业发展报告},
  author={中国翻译协会},
  publisher={中国翻译协会},
  year={2019}
}

@article{赵军峰2019深化改革,
  title ={深化改革 探讨创新 推进发展——全国翻译专业学位研究生教育2019年会综述},
  author ={赵军峰,姚恺璇},
  journal ={中国翻译},
  year ={2019},
}

@book{knowlson1975universal,
	title={Universal Language Schemes in England and France 1600-1800},
	author={James {Knowlson}},
	year={1975},
	publisher={University of Toronto Press}
}

@article{DBLP:journals/bstj/Shannon48,
  author    = {Claude E. Shannon},
  title     = {A mathematical theory of communication},
  journal   = {Bell System Technical Journal},
  volume    = {27},
  number    = {3},
  pages     = {379--423},
  year      = {1948}
}

@article{shannon1949the,
	title={The mathematical theory of communication},
	author={Claude E. {Shannon} and Warren {Weaver}},
	journal={IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement},
	volume={13},
	year={1949}
}

@article{weaver1955translation,
  title={Translation},
  author={Weaver, Warren},
  journal={Machine translation of languages},
  volume={14},
  number={15-23},
  pages={10},
  year={1955},
  publisher={Cambridge: Technology Press, MIT}
}

@article{chomsky1957syntactic,
  title={Syntactic Structures},
  author={Chomsky, Noam},
  journal={Language},
  volume={33},
  number={3},
  year={1957},
}

@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/coling/SatoN90,
  author    = {Satoshi Sato and
               Makoto Nagao},
  title     = {Toward Memory-based Translation},
  publisher = {International Conference on Computational Linguistics},
  pages     = {247--252},
  year      = {1990}
}

@article{DBLP:journals/coling/BrownPPM94,
  author    = {Peter F. Brown and
               Stephen Della Pietra and
               Vincent J. Della Pietra and
               Robert L. Mercer},
  title     = {The Mathematics of Statistical Machine Translation: Parameter Estimation},
  journal   = {Computational Linguistics},
  volume    = {19},
  number    = {2},
  pages     = {263--311},
  year      = {1993}
}

@article{nirenburg1989knowledge,
  title={Knowledge-based machine translation},
  author={Nirenburg, Sergei},
  journal={Machine Translation},
  volume={4},
  number={1},
  pages={5--24},
  year={1989},
  publisher={Springer}
}

@book{hutchins1986machine,
  title={Machine translation: past, present, future},
  author={Hutchins, William John},
  year={1986},
  publisher={Ellis Horwood Chichester}
}

@article{zarechnak1979history,
  title={The history of machine translation},
  author={Zarechnak, Michael},
  journal={Machine Translation},
  volume={1979},
  pages={1--87},
  year={1979}
}

@book{冯志伟2004机器翻译研究,
  title={机器翻译研究},
  author={冯志伟},
  publisher={中国对外翻译出版公司},
  year={2004},
}

@article{王宝库1991机器翻译系统中一种规则描述语言,
  title={机器翻译系统中一种规则描述语言(CTRDL)},
  author={王宝库,张中义,姚天顺},
  journal={中文信息学报},
  volume={5},
  number={4},
  year={1991},
}

@article{唐泓英1995基于搭配词典的词汇语义驱动算法,
  title={基于搭配词典的词汇语义驱动算法},
  author={唐泓英,姚天顺},
  journal={软件学报},
  volume={6},
  number={A01},
  pages={78-85},
  year={1995},
}

@article{nagao1984framework,
  title={A framework of a mechanical translation between Japanese and English by analogy principle},
  author={Nagao, Makoto},
  journal={Artificial and human intelligence},
  pages={351--354},
  year={1984}
}

@article{gale1993a,
	title={A program for aligning sentences in bilingual corpora},
	author={William A. {Gale} and Kenneth W. {Church}},
	journal={Computational Linguistics},
	volume={19},
	number={1},
	pages={75--102},
	year={1993}
}

@article{Wu2016GooglesNM,
  author    = {Yonghui Wu and
               Mike Schuster and
               Zhifeng Chen and
               Quoc V. Le and
               Mohammad Norouzi and
               Wolfgang Macherey and
               Maxim Krikun and
               Yuan Cao and
               Qin Gao and
               Klaus Macherey and
               Jeff Klingner and
               Apurva Shah and
               Melvin Johnson and
               Xiaobing Liu and
               Lukasz Kaiser and
               Stephan Gouws and
               Yoshikiyo Kato and
               Taku Kudo and
               Hideto Kazawa and
               Keith Stevens and
               George Kurian and
               Nishant Patil and
			   Wei Wang and
               Cliff Young and
               Jason Smith and
               Jason Riesa and
               Alex Rudnick and
               Oriol Vinyals and
               Greg Corrado and
               Macduff Hughes and
               Jeffrey Dean},
  title     = {Google's Neural Machine Translation System: Bridging the Gap between
               Human and Machine Translation},
  journal   = {CoRR},
  volume    = {abs/1609.08144},
  year      = {2016}
}

@inproceedings{DBLP:journals/corr/LuongPM15,
  author    = {Thang Luong and
               Hieu Pham and
               Christopher D. Manning},
  title     = {Effective Approaches to Attention-based Neural Machine Translation},
  publisher = {Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural
               Language Processing},
  pages     = {1412--1421},
  year      = {2015}
}

@inproceedings{DBLP:journals/corr/GehringAGYD17,
  author    = {Jonas Gehring and
               Michael Auli and
               David Grangier and
               Denis Yarats and
               Yann N. Dauphin},
  title     = {Convolutional Sequence to Sequence Learning},
  publisher = {International Conference on Machine Learning},
  volume    = {70},
  pages     = {1243--1252},
  year      = {2017}
}

@inproceedings{bahdanau2014neural,
  author    = {Dzmitry Bahdanau and
               Kyunghyun Cho and
               Yoshua Bengio},
  title     = {Neural Machine Translation by Jointly Learning to Align and Translate},
  publisher = {International Conference on Learning Representations},
  year      = {2015}
}

@inproceedings{NIPS2014_5346,
  author    = {Ilya Sutskever and
               Oriol Vinyals and
               Quoc V. Le},
  title     = {Sequence to Sequence Learning with Neural Networks},
  publisher = {Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems},
  pages     = {3104--3112},
  year      = {2014}
}

@book{koehn2009statistical,
  author    = {Philipp Koehn},
  title     = {Statistical Machine Translation},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year      = {2010}
}

@book{DBLP:journals/corr/abs-1709-07809,
  author    = {Philipp Koehn},
  title     = {Neural Machine Translation},
  publisher   = {Cambridge University Press},
  year      = {2020}
}

@book{宗成庆2013统计自然语言处理,
  title ={统计自然语言处理},
  author ={宗成庆},
  year ={2013},
  publisher ={清华大学出版社}
}

@book{Goodfellow-et-al-2016,
  author    = {Ian J. Goodfellow and
               Yoshua Bengio and
               Aaron C. Courville},
  title     = {Deep Learning},
  publisher = {{MIT} Press},
  year      = {2016}
}

@article{goldberg2017neural,
  title={Neural network methods for natural language processing},
  author={Goldberg, Yoav},
  journal={Synthesis Lectures on Human Language Technologies},
  volume={10},
  number={1},
  pages={1--309},
  year={2017},
  publisher={Morgan \& Claypool Publishers}
}

@book{周志华2016机器学习,
  title ={机器学习},
  author ={周志华},
  year ={2016},
  publisher ={清华大学出版社}
}

@book{李航2019统计学习方法,
  title ={统计学习方法},
  author ={李航},
  year ={2019},
  publisher ={清华大学出版社}
}

@book{邱锡鹏2020神经网络与深度学习,
  title ={神经网络与深度学习},
  author ={邱锡鹏},
  publisher ={机械工业出版社},
  year ={2020}
}

%%%%% chapter 1------------------------------------------------------
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%% chapter 2------------------------------------------------------

@book{kolmogorov2018foundations,
  title ={Foundations of the theory of probability: Second English Edition},
  author ={Kolmogorov, Andre Nikolaevich and Bharucha-Reid, Albert T},
  year ={2018},
  publisher ={Courier Dover Publications}
}

@book{mao-prob-book-2011,
  title ={概率论与数理统计教程: 第二版},
  author ={魏宗舒},
  year ={2011},
  publisher ={北京: 高等教育出版社}
}

@article{resnick1992adventures,
    author = {Barbour, A. and Resnick, Sidney},
    year = {1993},
    month = {12},
    pages = {1474},
    title = {Adventures in Stochastic Processes.},
    volume = {88},
    journal = {Journal of the American Statistical Association}
}

@book{liuke-markov-2004,
  title ={实用马尔可夫决策过程},
  author ={刘克},
  year ={2004},
  publisher ={清华大学出版社}
}

@article{gale1995good,
  author    = {William A. Gale and
               Geoffrey Sampson},
  title     = {Good-Turing Frequency Estimation Without Tears},
  journal   = {Journal of Quantitative Linguistics},
  volume    = {2},
  number    = {3},
  pages     = {217--237},
  year      = {1995}
}

@article{good1953population,
  title ={The population frequencies of species and the estimation of population parameters},
  author ={Good, Irving J},
  journal ={Biometrika},
  volume ={40},
  number ={3-4},
  pages ={237--264},
  year ={1953},
  publisher ={Oxford University Press}
}

@inproceedings{kneser1995improved,
  author    = {Reinhard Kneser and
               Hermann Ney},
  title     = {Improved backing-off for M-gram language modeling},
  publisher = {International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing},
  pages     = {181--184},
  year      = {1995}
}

@inproceedings{ney1991smoothing,
  title={On smoothing techniques for bigram-based natural language modelling},
  author={Ney, Hermann and Essen, Ute},
  publisher={International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing},
  pages={825--828},
  year={1991},
}

@inproceedings{stolcke2002srilm,
  author    = {Andreas Stolcke},
  title     = {{SRILM} - an extensible language modeling toolkit},
  publisher = {International Conference on Spoken Language Processing},
  year      = {2002}
}

@article{chen1999empirical,
  author    = {Stanley F. Chen and
               Joshua Goodman},
  title     = {An empirical study of smoothing techniques for language modeling},
  journal   = {Computer Speech \& Language},
  volume    = {13},
  number    = {4},
  pages     = {359--393},
  year      = {1999}
}

@article{ney1994structuring,
  author    = {Hermann Ney and
               Ute Essen and
               Reinhard Kneser},
  title     = {On structuring probabilistic dependences in stochastic language modelling},
  journal   = {Computer Speech \& Language},
  volume    = {8},
  number    = {1},
  pages     = {1--38},
  year      = {1994}
}

@book{parsing2009speech,
  author    = {Dan Jurafsky and
               James H. Martin},
  title     = {Speech and language processing: an introduction to natural language
               processing, computational linguistics, and speech recognition, 2nd
               Edition},
  publisher = {Prentice Hall, Pearson Education International},
  year      = {2009}
}

@book{DBLP:books/mg/CormenLR89,
  author    = {Thomas H. Cormen and
               Charles E. Leiserson and
               Ronald L. Rivest},
  title     = {Introduction to Algorithms},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press and McGraw-Hill Book Company},
  year      = {1989}
}

@book{even2011graph,
  title={Graph algorithms},
  author={Even, Shimon},
  year={2011},
  publisher={Cambridge University Press}
}

@article{tarjan1972depth,
	title={Depth-First Search and Linear Graph Algorithms},
	author={Robert Endre {Tarjan}},
	journal={SIAM Journal on Computing},
	volume={1},
	number={2},
	pages={146--160},
	year={1972}
}

@article{DBLP:journals/ai/SabharwalS11,
  author    = {Ashish Sabharwal and
               Bart Selman},
  title     = {S. Russell, P. Norvig, Artificial Intelligence: {A} Modern Approach,
               Third Edition},
  journal   = {Artificial Intelligence},
  volume    = {175},
  number    = {5-6},
  pages     = {935--937},
  year      = {2011}
}

@book{sahni1978fundamentals,
	title={Fundamentals of Computer Algorithms},
	author={Sartaj {Sahni} and Ellis {Horowitz}},
	year={1978},
	publisher={Computer Science Press}
}

@article{hart1968a,
	title={A Formal Basis for the Heuristic Determination of Minimum Cost Paths},
	author={Peter E. {Hart} and Nils J. {Nilsson} and Bertram {Raphael}},
	journal={IEEE Transactions on Systems Science and Cybernetics},
	volume={4},
	number={2},
	pages={100--107},
	year={1968}
}

@book{lowerre1976the,
	title={The HARPY speech recognition system},
	author={Bruce T. {Lowerre}},
	publisher={Carnegie Mellon University},
	year={1976}
}

@book{bishop1995neural,
	title={Neural networks for pattern recognition},
	author={Christopher M. {Bishop}},
	year={1995},
	publisher={Oxford university press}
}

@article{åström1965optimal,
	title={Optimal control of Markov processes with incomplete state information},
	author={Karl Johan {Åström}},
	journal={Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications},
	volume={10},
	number={1},
	pages={174--205},
	year={1965}
}

@article{korf1990real,
	title={Real-time heuristic search},
	author={Richard E. {Korf}},
	journal={Artificial Intelligence},
	volume={42},
	number={2},
	pages={189--211},
	year={1990}
}

@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/emnlp/HuangZM17,
  author    = {Liang Huang and
               Kai Zhao and
               Mingbo Ma},
  title     = {When to Finish? Optimal Beam Search for Neural Text Generation (modulo
               beam size)},
  pages     = {2134--2139},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2017}
}

@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/emnlp/Yang0M18,
  author    = {Yilin Yang and
               Liang Huang and
               Mingbo Ma},
  title     = {Breaking the Beam Search Curse: {A} Study of (Re-)Scoring Methods
               and Stopping Criteria for Neural Machine Translation},
  pages     = {3054--3059},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2018}
}

@article{jelinek1980interpolated,
	title={Interpolated estimation of Markov source parameters from sparse data},
	author={F. {Jelinek}},
	journal={Pattern Recognition in Practice},
	pages={381--397},
	year={1980}
}

@article{katz1987estimation,
	title={Estimation of probabilities from sparse data for the language model component of a speech recognizer},
	author={S. {Katz}},
	journal={IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing},
	volume={35},
	number={3},
	pages={400--401},
	year={1987}
}

@article{witten1991the,
	title={The zero-frequency problem: estimating the probabilities of novel events in adaptive text compression},
	author={I.H. {Witten} and T.C. {Bell}},
	journal={IEEE Transactions on Information Theory},
	volume={37},
	number={4},
	pages={1085--1094},
	year={1991}
}

@book{bell1990text,
	title={Text compression},
	author={Timothy C. {Bell} and John G. {Cleary} and Ian H. {Witten}},
	year={1990},
	publisher={Prentice Hall}
}

@article{goodman2001a,
	title={A bit of progress in language modeling},
	author={Joshua T. {Goodman}},
	journal={Computer Speech \& Language},
	volume={15},
	number={4},
	pages={403--434},
	year={2001}
}

@inproceedings{kirchhoff2005improved,
	title={Improved Language Modeling for Statistical Machine Translation},
	author={Katrin {Kirchhoff} and Mei {Yang}},
	publisher={Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
	pages={125--128},
	year={2005}
}

@inproceedings{koehn2007factored,
	title={Factored Translation Models},
	author={Philipp {Koehn} and Hieu {Hoang}},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
	pages={868--876},
	year={2007}
}

@inproceedings{sarikaya2007joint,
	title={Joint Morphological-Lexical Language Modeling for Machine Translation},
	author={Ruhi {Sarikaya} and Yonggang {Deng}},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
	pages={145--148},
	year={2007}
}

@inproceedings{heafield2011kenlm,
	title={KenLM: Faster and Smaller Language Model Queries},
	author={Kenneth {Heafield}},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
	pages={187--197},
	year={2011}
}

@inproceedings{federico2006how,
	title={How Many Bits Are Needed To Store Probabilities for Phrase-Based Translation?},
	author={Marcello {Federico} and Nicola {Bertoldi}},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
	pages={94--101},
	year={2006}
}

@inproceedings{federico2007efficient,
	title={Efficient Handling of N-gram Language Models for Statistical Machine Translation},
	author={Marcello {Federico} and Mauro {Cettolo}},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
	pages={88--95},
	year={2007}
}

@inproceedings{talbot2007randomised,
	title={Randomised Language Modelling for Statistical Machine Translation},
	author={David {Talbot} and Miles {Osborne}},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
	pages={512--519},
	year={2007}
}

@inproceedings{talbot2007smoothed,
	title={Smoothed Bloom Filter Language Models: Tera-Scale LMs on the Cheap},
	author={David {Talbot} and Miles {Osborne}},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
	pages={468--476},
	year={2007}
}

@article{jing2019a,
	title={A Survey on Neural Network Language Models.},
	author={Kun {Jing} and Jungang {Xu}},
	journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:1906.03591},
	year={2019}
}

@article{bengio2003a,
	title={A neural probabilistic language model},
	author={Yoshua {Bengio} and Réjean {Ducharme} and Pascal {Vincent} and Christian {Janvin}},
	journal={Journal of Machine Learning Research},
	volume={3},
	number={6},
	pages={1137--1155},
	year={2003}
}

@inproceedings{mikolov2010recurrent,
  author    = {Tomas Mikolov and
               Martin Karafi{\'{a}}t and
               Luk{\'{a}}s Burget and
               Jan Cernock{\'{y}} and
               Sanjeev Khudanpur},
  title     = {Recurrent neural network based language model},
  pages     = {1045--1048},
  publisher = {International Speech Communication Association},
  year      = {2010}
}

@inproceedings{sundermeyer2012lstm,
  author    = {Martin Sundermeyer and
               Ralf Schl{\"{u}}ter and
               Hermann Ney},
  title     = {{LSTM} Neural Networks for Language Modeling},
  pages     = {194--197},
  publisher = {International Speech Communication Association},
  year      = {2012}
}

@inproceedings{vaswani2017attention,
	title={Attention is All You Need},
	author={Ashish {Vaswani} and Noam {Shazeer} and Niki {Parmar} and Jakob {Uszkoreit} and Llion {Jones} and Aidan N. {Gomez} and Lukasz {Kaiser} and Illia {Polosukhin}},
	publisher={International Conference on Neural Information Processing},
	pages={5998--6008},
	year={2017}
}

@inproceedings{tillmann1997a,
	title={A DP-based Search Using Monotone Alignments in Statistical Translation},
	author={Christoph {Tillmann} and Stephan {Vogel} and Hermann {Ney} and Alex {Zubiaga}},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
	pages={289--296},
	year={1997}
}

@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/acl/WangW97,
  author    = {Ye-Yi Wang and
               Alex Waibel},
  title     = {Decoding Algorithm in Statistical Machine Translation},
  pages     = {366--372},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  year      = {1997}
}

@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/acl/OchUN01,
  author    = {Franz Josef Och and
               Nicola Ueffing and
               Hermann Ney},
  title     = {An Efficient A* Search Algorithm for Statistical Machine Translation},
  publisher = {Proceedings of the {ACL} Workshop on Data-Driven Methods in Machine
               Translation},
  year      = {2001}
}

@inproceedings{germann2001fast,
	title={Fast Decoding and Optimal Decoding for Machine Translation},
	author={Ulrich {Germann} and Michael {Jahr} and Kevin {Knight} and Daniel {Marcu} and Kenji {Yamada}},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
	pages={228--235},
	year={2001}
}

@inproceedings{germann2003greedy,
	title={Greedy decoding for statistical machine translation in almost linear time},
	author={Ulrich {Germann}},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
	pages={1--8},
	year={2003}
}

@inproceedings{Koehn2007Moses,
  author    = {Philipp Koehn and
               Hieu Hoang and
			    Alexandra Birch and
               Chris Callison-Burch and
               Marcello Federico and
               Nicola Bertoldi and
               Brooke Cowan and
               Wade Shen and
               Christine Moran and
               Richard Zens and
               Chris Dyer and
               Ondrej Bojar and
               Alexandra Constantin and
               Evan Herbst},
  title     = {Moses: Open Source Toolkit for Statistical Machine Translation},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2007}
}

@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/amta/Koehn04,
  author    = {Philipp Koehn},
  title     = {Pharaoh: {A} Beam Search Decoder for Phrase-Based Statistical Machine
               Translation Models},
  volume    = {3265},
  pages     = {115--124},
  publisher = {Springer},
  year      = {2004}
}

@inproceedings{bangalore2001a,
	title={A finite-state approach to machine translation},
	author={S. {Bangalore} and G. {Riccardi}},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
	pages={381--388},
	year={2001}
}

@article{DBLP:journals/mt/BangaloreR02,
  author    = {Srinivas Bangalore and
               Giuseppe Riccardi},
  title     = {Stochastic Finite-State Models for Spoken Language Machine Translation},
  journal   = {Machine Translation},
  volume    = {17},
  number    = {3},
  pages     = {165--184},
  year      = {2002}
}

@inproceedings{venugopal2007an,
	title={An Efficient Two-Pass Approach to Synchronous-CFG Driven Statistical MT},
	author={Ashish {Venugopal} and Andreas {Zollmann} and Vogel {Stephan}},
	publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
	pages={500--507},
	year={2007}
}

@inproceedings{zollmann2007the,
  author    = {Andreas Zollmann and
               Ashish Venugopal and
               Matthias Paulik and
               Stephan Vogel},
  title     = {The Syntax Augmented {MT} {(SAMT)} System at the Shared Task for the
               2007 {ACL} Workshop on Statistical Machine Translation},
  pages     = {216--219},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2007}
}

@inproceedings{liu2006tree,
  author    = {Yang Liu and
               Qun Liu and
               Shouxun Lin},
  title     = {Tree-to-String Alignment Template for Statistical Machine Translation},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2006}
}

@inproceedings{galley2006scalable,
  author    = {Michel Galley and
               Jonathan Graehl and
               Kevin Knight and
               Daniel Marcu and
               Steve DeNeefe and
			   Wei Wang and
               Ignacio Thayer},
  title     = {Scalable Inference and Training of Context-Rich Syntactic Translation
               Models},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2006}
}

@inproceedings{chiang2005a,
  author    = {David Chiang},
  title     = {A Hierarchical Phrase-Based Model for Statistical Machine Translation},
  pages     = {263--270},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2005}
}

%%%%% chapter 2------------------------------------------------------
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%% chapter 3------------------------------------------------------

@inproceedings{ng2002discriminative,
  author    = {Ng, Andrew Y and Jordan, Michael I},
  title     = {On Discriminative vs. Generative Classifiers: {A} comparison of logistic
               regression and naive Bayes},
  pages     = {841--848},
  publisher = {{MIT} Press},
  year      = {2001},
}

@inproceedings{huang2008coling,
	author = {Huang, Liang},
    title = {Coling 2008: Advanced Dynamic Programming in Computational Linguistics: Theory, Algorithms and Applications-Tutorial notes},
    year = {2008},
    publisher = {International Conference on Computational Linguistics},
}

@book{aho1972theory,
  author    = {Aho, Alfred V and
               Ullman, Jeffrey D},
  title     = {The theory of parsing, translation, and compiling},
  publisher = {Prentice-Hall Englewood Cliffs, NJ},
  year      = {1973},
}

@inproceedings{rau1991extracting,
  title={Extracting company names from text},
  author={Rau, Lisa F},
  pages={29--30},
  year={1991},
  publisher={IEEE Conference on Artificial Intelligence Application},
}

@article{张小衡1997中文机构名称的识别与分析,
  title={中文机构名称的识别与分析},
  author={张小衡 and 王玲玲},
  journal={中文信息学报},
  volume={11},
  number={4},
  pages={22-33},
  year={1997},
}

@inproceedings{lample2016neural,
  author    = {Guillaume Lample and
               Miguel Ballesteros and
               Sandeep Subramanian and
               Kazuya Kawakami and
               Chris Dyer},
  title     = {Neural Architectures for Named Entity Recognition},
  pages     = {260--270},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2016},
}

@article{Baum1966Statistical,
  title={Statistical Inference for Probabilistic Functions of Finite State Markov Chains},
  author={Baum, Leonard E and Petrie, Ted},
  journal={Annals of Mathematical Stats},
  volume={37},
  number={6},
  pages={1554-1563},
  year={1966},
}

@article{baum1970maximization,
  title={A maximization technique occurring in the statistical analysis of probabilistic functions of Markov chains},
  author={Baum, Leonard E and Petrie, Ted and Soules, George and Weiss, Norman},
  journal={Annals of Mathematical Stats},
  volume={41},
  number={1},
  pages={164--171},
  year={1970},
}

@article{1977Maximum,
  title={Maximum likelihood from incomplete data via the EM algorithm},
  author={Dempster, Arthur P and Laird, Nan M and Rubin, Donald B},
  journal={Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B (Methodological)},
  volume={39},
  number={1},
  pages={1--22},
  year={1977}
}

@article{1967Error,
  title={Error bounds for convolutional codes and an asymptotically optimum decoding algorithm},
  author={Viterbi, Andrew},
  journal={IEEE Transactions on Information Theory},
  volume={13},
  number={2},
  pages={260-269},
  year={1967},
}

@article{harrington2013机器学习实战,
  title={机器学习实战},
  author={Harrington, Peter},
  journal={人民邮电出版社, 北京},
  year={2013}
}

@inproceedings{brants-2000-tnt,
    title = {TnT - {A} Statistical Part-of-Speech Tagger},
    author = {Brants, Thorsten},
    year = {2000},
    publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
    pages = {224--231},
}

@inproceedings{tsuruoka-tsujii-2005-chunk,
    title = {Chunk Parsing Revisited},
    author = {Yoshimasa Tsuruoka and
               Jun'ichi Tsujii},
    year = {2005},
    publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
    pages = {133--140},
}

@inproceedings{li-etal-2003-news-oriented,
    title = {News-Oriented Automatic Chinese Keyword Indexing},
    author = {Li, Sujian  and
      Wang, Houfeng  and
      Yu, Shiwen  and
      Xin, Chengsheng},
    year = {2003},
    publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
    pages = {92--97},
}

@article{2015Bidirectional,
  title={Bidirectional LSTM-CRF Models for Sequence Tagging},
  author={ Huang, Zhiheng  and  Xu, Wei  and  Yu, Kai },
  journal={CoRR},
  year={2015},
}

@article{chiu2016named,
  title={Named entity recognition with bidirectional LSTM-CNNs},
  author={Chiu, Jason PC and Nichols, Eric},
  journal={Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  volume={4},
  pages={357--370},
  year={2016},
  publisher={MIT Press}
}

@inproceedings{vzukov2018named,
  author    = {Andrej Zukov Gregoric and
               Yoram Bachrach and
               Sam Coope},
  title     = {Named Entity Recognition With Parallel Recurrent Neural Networks},
  pages     = {69--74},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2018},
}

@article{Li2020A,
  title={A Survey on Deep Learning for Named Entity Recognition},
  author={Li, Jing and Sun, Aixin and Han, Jianglei and Li, Chenliang},
  journal={IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering},
  volume={PP},
  number={99},
  pages={1-1},
  year={2020},
}

@article{devlin2019bert,
  title={Bert: Pre-training of deep bidirectional transformers for language understanding},
  author={Devlin, Jacob and Chang, Ming-Wei and Lee, Kenton and Toutanova, Kristina},
  year={2019},
  pages = {4171--4186},
  journal = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
}

@inproceedings{conneau2019unsupervised,
  author    = {Alexis Conneau and
               Kartikay Khandelwal and
               Naman Goyal and
               Vishrav Chaudhary and
               Guillaume Wenzek and
               Francisco Guzm{\'{a}}n and
               Edouard Grave and
               Myle Ott and
               Luke Zettlemoyer and
               Veselin Stoyanov},
  title     = {Unsupervised Cross-lingual Representation Learning at Scale},
  pages     = {8440--8451},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2020},
}

@book{chomsky1993lectures,
  title={Lectures on government and binding: The Pisa lectures},
  author={Chomsky, Noam},
  year={1993},
  publisher={Walter de Gruyter}
}

@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/acl/SennrichHB16a,
  author    = {Rico Sennrich and
               Barry Haddow and
               Alexandra Birch},
  title     = {Neural Machine Translation of Rare Words with Subword Units},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2016},
}

@article{刘挺1998最大概率分词问题及其解法,
  title={最大概率分词问题及其解法},
  author={刘挺 and 吴岩 and 王开铸},
  journal={哈尔滨工业大学学报},
  number={06},
  pages={37-41},
  year={1998},
}

@article{丁洁2010基于最大概率分词算法的中文分词方法研究,
  title={基于最大概率分词算法的中文分词方法研究},
  author={丁洁},
  journal={科技信息},
  number={21},
  pages={I0075--I0075},
  year={2010}
}

@book{1995University,
  title     = {University of Sheffield: Description of the LaSIE-II system as used for MUC-7},
  author    = {Kevin Humphreys and
               Robert J. Gaizauskas and
               Saliha Azzam and
               Charles Huyck and
               Brian Mitchell and
               Hamish Cunningham and
               Yorick Wilks},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {1995},
}

@inproceedings{krupka1998isoquest,
  title={IsoQuest Inc.: Description of the NetOwl™ Extractor System as Used for MUC-7},
  author={Krupka, George and Hausman, Kevin},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year={1998}
}

@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/muc/BlackRM98,
  author    = {Black, William J and Rinaldi, Fabio and Mowatt, David},
  title     = {{FACILE:} Description of the {NE} System Used for {MUC-7}},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {1998},
}

@article{1996Hidden,
  title={Hidden Markov models.},
  author={ Eddy, Sean R },
  journal={Current Opinion in Structural Biology},
  volume={6},
  number={3},
  pages={361-5},
  year={1996},
}

@inproceedings{lafferty2001conditional,
  author    = {John D. Lafferty and
               Andrew McCallum and
               Fernando C. N. Pereira},
  title     = {Conditional Random Fields: Probabilistic Models for Segmenting and
               Labeling Sequence Data},
  pages     = {282--289},
  publisher = {proceedings of the Eighteenth International Conference on Machine
               Learning},
  year      = {2001},
}

@book{kapur1989maximum,
  title={Maximum-entropy models in science and engineering},
  author={Kapur, Jagat Narain},
  year={1989},
  publisher={John Wiley \& Sons}
}

@article{1998Support,
  title={Support vector machines},
  author={Hearst, Marti A. and Dumais, Susan T and Osuna, Edgar and Platt, John and Scholkopf, Bernhard},
  journal={IEEE Intelligent Systems \& Their Applications},
  volume={13},
  number={4},
  pages={18-28},
  year={1998},
}

@article{2011Natural,
  title={Natural Language Processing (almost) from Scratch},
  author={ Collobert, Ronan  and  Weston, Jason  and Bottou, Léon and  Karlen, Michael  and  Kavukcuoglu, Koray  and  Kuksa, Pavel },
  journal={Journal of Machine Learning Research},
  volume={12},
  number={1},
  pages={2493-2537},
  year={2011},
}

@book{manning2008introduction,
  title={Introduction to information retrieval},
  author={Manning, Christopher D and Sch{\"u}tze, Hinrich and Raghavan, Prabhakar},
  year={2008},
  publisher={Cambridge university press}
}

@article{berger1996maximum,
  title={A maximum entropy approach to natural language processing},
  author={Berger, Adam and Della Pietra, Stephen A and Della Pietra, Vincent J},
  journal={Computational linguistics},
  volume={22},
  number={1},
  pages={39--71},
  year={1996}
}

@book{mitchell1996m,
  title={Machine Learning},
  author={Mitchell, Tom},
  journal={McCraw Hill},
  year={1996}
}

@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/acl/OchN02,
  author    = {Franz Josef Och and
               Hermann Ney},
  title     = {Discriminative Training and Maximum Entropy Models for Statistical
               Machine Translation},
  pages     = {295--302},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2002},
}

@incollection{mohri2008speech,
  title={Speech recognition with weighted finite-state transducers},
  author={Mohri, Mehryar and Pereira, Fernando and Riley, Michael},
  pages={559--584},
  year={2008},
  publisher={Springer}
}

@article{bellman1966dynamic,
  title={Dynamic programming},
  author={Bellman, Richard},
  journal={Science},
  volume={153},
  number={3731},
  pages={34--37},
  year={1966}
}

%%%%% chapter 3------------------------------------------------------
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%% chapter 4------------------------------------------------------
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/acl/PapineniRWZ02,
  author    = {Kishore Papineni and
               Salim Roukos and
               Todd Ward and
               Wei-jing Zhu},
  title     = {Bleu: a Method for Automatic Evaluation of Machine Translation},
  pages     = {311--318},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2002}
}
@article{DBLP:journals/mt/ChurchH93,
  title={Good applications for crummy machine translation},
  author={Church, Kenneth W and Hovy, Eduard H},
  volume={8},
  number={4},
  pages={239--258},
  year={1993},
  publisher={Springer}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/coling/SuWC92,
  author    = {Keh-Yih Su and
               Ming-Wen Wu and
               Jing-Shin Chang},
  title     = {A New Quantitative Quality Measure for Machine Translation Systems},
  publisher = {International Conference on Computational Linguistics},
  pages     = {433--439},
  year      = {1992},
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/interspeech/TillmannVNZS97,
  title={Accelerated DP based search for statistical translation},
  author={Tillmann, Christoph and Vogel, Stephan and Ney, Hermann and Zubiaga, Arkaitz and Sawaf, Hassan},
  publisher={European Conference on Speech Communication and Technology},
  year={1997}
}
@inproceedings{snover2006study,
  title={A study of translation edit rate with targeted human annotation},
  author={Snover, Matthew and Dorr, Bonnie and Schwartz, Richard and Micciulla, Linnea and Makhoul, John},
  publisher={Proceedings of association for machine translation in the Americas},
  volume={200},
  number={6},
  year={2006}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/muc/Chinchor92,
  author    = {Nancy Chinchor},
  title     = {{MUC-4} evaluation metrics},
  pages     = {22--29},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {1992}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/emnlp/ChiangDCN08,
  author    = {David Chiang and
               Steve DeNeefe and
               Yee Seng Chan and
               Hwee Tou Ng},
  title     = {Decomposability of Translation Metrics for Improved Evaluation and
               Efficient Algorithms},
  pages     = {610--619},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2008}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/acl/BanerjeeL05,
  author    = {Satanjeev Banerjee and
               Alon Lavie},
  title     = {{METEOR:} An Automatic Metric for {MT} Evaluation with Improved Correlation
               with Human Judgments},
  pages     = {65--72},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2005}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/wmt/DenkowskiL10,
  author    = {Michael J. Denkowski and
               Alon Lavie},
  title     = {{METEOR-NEXT} and the {METEOR} Paraphrase Tables: Improved Evaluation
               Support for Five Target Languages},
  pages     = {339--342},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2010}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/wmt/DenkowskiL11,
  author    = {Michael J. Denkowski and
               Alon Lavie},
  title     = {Meteor 1.3: Automatic Metric for Reliable Optimization and Evaluation
               of Machine Translation Systems},
  pages     = {85--91},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2011},
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/wmt/DenkowskiL14,
  author    = {Michael J. Denkowski and
               Alon Lavie},
  title     = {Meteor Universal: Language Specific Translation Evaluation for Any
               Target Language},
  pages     = {376--380},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2014}
}
@article{DBLP:journals/mt/Shiwen93,
  author    = {Shiwen Yu},
  title     = {Automatic evaluation of output quality for Machine Translation systems},
  journal   = {Mach. Transl.},
  volume    = {8},
  number    = {1-2},
  pages     = {117--126},
  year      = {1993}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/coling/ZhouWLLZZ08,
  author    = {Ming Zhou and
               Bo Wang and
               Shujie Liu and
               Mu Li and
               Dongdong Zhang and
               Tiejun Zhao},
  title     = {Diagnostic Evaluation of Machine Translation Systems Using Automatically
               Constructed Linguistic Check-Points},
  publisher = {International Conference on Computational Linguistics},
  pages     = {1121--1128},
  year      = {2008}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/acl/AlbrechtH07a,
  author    = {Joshua Albrecht and
               Rebecca Hwa},
  title     = {A Re-examination of Machine Learning Approaches for Sentence-Level
               {MT} Evaluation},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2007}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/acl/AlbrechtH07,
  author    = {Joshua Albrecht and
               Rebecca Hwa},
  title     = {Regression for Sentence-Level {MT} Evaluation with Pseudo References},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2007}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/naacl/LiuG07,
  author    = {Ding Liu and
               Daniel Gildea},
  title     = {Source-Language Features and Maximum Correlation Training for Machine
               Translation Evaluation},
  pages     = {41--48},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2007}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/ijcnlp/GimenezM08,
  author    = {Jes{\'{u}}s Gim{\'{e}}nez and
               Llu{\'{\i}}s M{\`{a}}rquez},
  title     = {Heterogeneous Automatic {MT} Evaluation Through Non-Parametric Metric
               Combinations},
  pages     = {319--326},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2008}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/naacl/DreyerM12,
  author    = {Markus Dreyer and
               Daniel Marcu},
  title     = {HyTER: Meaning-Equivalent Semantics for Translation Evaluation},
  pages     = {162--171},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2012}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/tsd/BojarMTZ13,
  author    = {Ondrej Bojar and
               Matous Mach{\'{a}}cek and
               Ales Tamchyna and
               Daniel Zeman},
  title     = {Scratching the Surface of Possible Translations},
  volume    = {8082},
  pages     = {465--474},
  publisher = {Springer},
  year      = {2013}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/eamt/QinS15,
  author    = {Ying Qin and
               Lucia Specia},
  title     = {Truly Exploring Multiple References for Machine Translation Evaluation},
  publisher = {European Association for Machine Translation},
  year      = {2015}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/emnlp/SocherPHNM11,
  author    = {Richard Socher and
               Jeffrey Pennington and
               Eric H. Huang and
               Andrew Y. Ng and
               Christopher D. Manning},
  title     = {Semi-Supervised Recursive Autoencoders for Predicting Sentiment Distributions},
  pages     = {151--161},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2011}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/emnlp/SocherPWCMNP13,
  author    = {Richard Socher and
               Alex Perelygin and
               Jean Wu and
               Jason Chuang and
               Christopher D. Manning and
               Andrew Y. Ng and
               Christopher Potts},
  title     = {Recursive Deep Models for Semantic Compositionality Over a Sentiment
               Treebank},
  pages     = {1631--1642},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2013},
}
@article{DBLP:journals/corr/MatsuoKS17,
  author    = {Junki Matsuo and
               Mamoru Komachi and
               Katsuhito Sudoh},
  title     = {Word-Alignment-Based Segment-Level Machine Translation Evaluation
               using Word Embeddings},
  journal   = {CoRR},
  volume    = {abs/1704.00380},
  year      = {2017}
}
@article{DBLP:journals/csl/GuzmanJMN17,
  title={Machine translation evaluation with neural networks},
  author={Guzm{\'a}n, Francisco and Joty, Shafiq and M{\`a}rquez, Llu{\'\i}s and Nakov, Preslav},
  journal={Computer Speech \& Language},
  volume={45},
  pages={180--200},
  year={2017}
}
@inproceedings{gamon2005sentence,
  title={Sentence-level MT evaluation without reference translations: Beyond language modeling},
  author={Gamon, Michael and Aue, Anthony and Smets, Martine},
  publisher={Proceedings of EAMT},
  pages={103--111},
  year={2005}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/lrec/Quirk04,
  author    = {Christopher Quirk},
  title     = {Training a Sentence-Level Machine Translation Confidence Measure},
  publisher = {European Language Resources Association},
  year      = {2004}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/icassp/JonesGSGHRW05,
  author    = {Douglas A. Jones and
               Edward Gibson and
               Wade Shen and
               Neil Granoien and
               Martha Herzog and
               Douglas A. Reynolds and
               Clifford J. Weinstein},
  title     = {Measuring human readability of machine generated text: three case
               studies in speech recognition and machine translation},
  pages     = {1009--1012},
  publisher = {{IEEE}},
  year      = {2005}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/eamt/ScartonZVGS15,
  author    = {Carolina Scarton and
               Marcos Zampieri and
               Mihaela Vela and
               Josef van Genabith and
               Lucia Specia},
  title     = {Searching for Context: a Study on Document-Level Labels for Translation
               Quality Estimation},
  publisher = {European Association for Machine Translation},
  year      = {2015}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/interspeech/FetterDR96,
  title={Word graph rescoring using confidence measures},
  author={Fetter, Pablo and Dandurand, Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric and Regel-Brietzmann, Peter},
  publisher={Proceeding of Fourth International Conference on Spoken Language Processing},
  volume={1},
  pages={10--13},
  year={1996}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/acl/ShenCHHWSL16,
  author    = {Shiqi Shen and
               Yong Cheng and
               Zhongjun He and
               Wei He and
               Hua Wu and
               Maosong Sun and
               Yang Liu},
  title     = {Minimum Risk Training for Neural Machine Translation},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2016},
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/wmt/FreitagCR19,
  author    = {Markus Freitag and
               Isaac Caswell and
               Scott Roy},
  title     = {{APE} at Scale and Its Implications on {MT} Evaluation Biases},
  pages     = {34--44},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2019}
}
@article{DBLP:journals/mt/BiciciGG13,
  title={Predicting sentence translation quality using extrinsic and language independent features},
  author={Bi{\c{c}}ici, Ergun and Groves, Declan and van Genabith, Josef},
  journal={Machine Translation},
  volume={27},
  number={3-4},
  pages={171--192},
  year={2013}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/wmt/BiciciW14,
  author    = {Ergun Bi{\c{c}}ici and
               Andy Way},
  title     = {Referential Translation Machines for Predicting Translation Quality},
  pages     = {313--321},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2014}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/wmt/BiciciLW15a,
  author    = {Ergun Bi{\c{c}}ici and
               Qun Liu and
               Andy Way},
  title     = {Referential Translation Machines for Predicting Translation Quality
               and Related Statistics},
  pages     = {304--308},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2015}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/iclr/LogeswaranL18,
  author    = {Lajanugen Logeswaran and
               Honglak Lee},
  title     = {An efficient framework for learning sentence representations},
  publisher = {OpenReview.net},
  year      = {2018}
}
@inproceedings{iyyer-etal-2015-deep,
    title = {Deep Unordered Composition Rivals Syntactic Methods for Text Classification},
    author = {Iyyer, Mohit  and
      Manjunatha, Varun  and
      Boyd-Graber, Jordan  and
      Daum{\'e} III, Hal},
    month = jul,
    year = {2015},
    publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
    pages = {1681--1691},
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:journals/corr/abs-1301-3781,
  author    = {Tomas Mikolov and
               Kai Chen and
               Greg Corrado and
               Jeffrey Dean},
  title     = {Efficient Estimation of Word Representations in Vector Space},
  journal   = {arXiv preprint arXiv:1301.3781},
  year      = {2013}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/icml/LeM14,
  title={Distributed representations of sentences and documents},
  author={Le, Quoc and Mikolov, Tomas},
  publisher={International conference on machine learning},
  pages={1188--1196},
  year={2014}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/acl/AthiwaratkunW17,
  author    = {Ben Athiwaratkun and
               Andrew Gordon Wilson},
  title     = {Multimodal Word Distributions},
  pages     = {1645--1656},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2017}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/emnlp/PenningtonSM14,
  author    = {Jeffrey Pennington and
               Richard Socher and
               Christopher D. Manning},
  title     = {Glove: Global Vectors for Word Representation},
  pages     = {1532--1543},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2014}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/nips/KirosZSZUTF15,
  title={Skip-thought vectors},
  author={Kiros, Ryan and Zhu, Yukun and Salakhutdinov, Russ R and Zemel, Richard and Urtasun, Raquel and Torralba, Antonio and Fidler, Sanja},
  publisher={Advances in neural information processing systems},
  pages={3294--3302},
  year={2015}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/naacl/PetersNIGCLZ18,
  author    = {Matthew E. Peters and
               Mark Neumann and
               Mohit Iyyer and
               Matt Gardner and
               Christopher Clark and
               Kenton Lee and
               Luke Zettlemoyer},
  title     = {Deep Contextualized Word Representations},
  pages     = {2227--2237},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2018}
}
@misc{radford2018improving,
  title={Improving language understanding by generative pre-training},
  author={Radford, Alec and Narasimhan, Karthik and Salimans, Tim and Sutskever, Ilya},
  year={2018}
}
@article{DBLP:journals/mtcl/Carroll66,
  author    = {John B. Carroll},
  title     = {An experiment in evaluating the quality of translations},
  journal   = {Mech. Transl. Comput. Linguistics},
  volume    = {9},
  number    = {3-4},
  pages     = {55--66},
  year      = {1966}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/amta/WhiteOO94,
  title={The ARPA MT evaluation methodologies: evolution, lessons, and future approaches},
  author={White, John S and O’Connell, Theresa A and O’Mara, Francis E},
  publisher={Proceedings of the First Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas},
  year={1994}
}
@inproceedings{king2003femti,
  title={FEMTI: creating and using a framework for MT evaluation},
  author={King, Margaret and Popescu-Belis, Andrei and Hovy, Eduard},
  publisher={Proceedings of MT Summit IX, New Orleans, LA},
  pages={224--231},
  year={2003}
}
@article{DBLP:journals/mt/PrzybockiPBS09,
  author    = {Mark A. Przybocki and
               Kay Peterson and
               Sebastien Bronsart and
               Gregory A. Sanders},
  title     = {The {NIST} 2008 Metrics for machine translation challenge - overview,
               methodology, metrics, and results},
  journal   = {Machine Translation},
  volume    = {23},
  number    = {2-3},
  pages     = {71--103},
  year      = {2009}
}
@inproceedings{reeder2006direct,
  title={Direct application of a language learner test to MT evaluation},
  author={Reeder, Florence},
  publisher={Proceedings of AMTA},
  year={2006}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/wmt/Callison-BurchF07,
  author    = {Chris Callison-Burch and
               Cameron S. Fordyce and
			   Philipp Koehn and
               Christof Monz and
               Josh Schroeder},
  title     = {(Meta-) Evaluation of Machine Translation},
  pages     = {136--158},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2007}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/wmt/Callison-BurchK12,
  author    = {Chris Callison-Burch and
               Philipp Koehn and
               Christof Monz and
               Matt Post and
               Radu Soricut and
               Lucia Specia},
  title     = {Findings of the 2012 Workshop on Statistical Machine Translation},
  pages     = {10--51},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2012}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/wmt/Lopez12,
  author    = {Adam Lopez},
  title     = {Putting Human Assessments of Machine Translation Systems in Order},
  pages     = {1--9},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2012}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/wmt/BojarCFHHHKLMNP15,
  author    = {Ondrej Bojar and
               Rajen Chatterjee and
               Christian Federmann and
               Barry Haddow and
               Matthias Huck and
               Chris Hokamp and
			   Philipp Koehn and
               Varvara Logacheva and
               Christof Monz and
               Matteo Negri and
               Matt Post and
               Carolina Scarton and
               Lucia Specia and
               Marco Turchi},
  title     = {Findings of the 2015 Workshop on Statistical Machine Translation},
  pages     = {1--46},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2015}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/iwslt/Koehn12,
  author    = {Philipp Koehn},
  title     = {Simulating human judgment in machine translation evaluation campaigns},
  pages     = {179--184},
  publisher = {International Workshop on Spoken Language Translation},
  year      = {2012}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/acl/LiuG05,
  author    = {Ding Liu and
               Daniel Gildea},
  title     = {Syntactic Features for Evaluation of Machine Translation},
  pages     = {25--32},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2005}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/wmt/GimenezM07a,
  author    = {Jes{\'{u}}s Gim{\'{e}}nez and
               Llu{\'{\i}}s M{\`{a}}rquez},
  title     = {Linguistic Features for Automatic Evaluation of Heterogenous {MT}
               Systems},
  pages     = {256--264},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2007}
}
@article{DBLP:journals/mt/PadoCGJM09,
  author    = {Sebastian Pad{\'{o}} and
               Daniel M. Cer and
               Michel Galley and
               Dan Jurafsky and
               Christopher D. Manning},
  title     = {Measuring machine translation quality as semantic equivalence: {A}
               metric based on entailment features},
  journal   = {Machine Translation},
  volume    = {23},
  number    = {2-3},
  pages     = {181--193},
  year      = {2009}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/ssst/OwczarzakGW07,
  author    = {Karolina Owczarzak and
               Josef van Genabith and
               Andy Way},
  title     = {Dependency-Based Automatic Evaluation for Machine Translation},
  pages     = {80--87},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2007},
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/wmt/OwczarzakGW07,
  author    = {Karolina Owczarzak and
               Josef van Genabith and
               Andy Way},
  title     = {Labelled Dependencies in Machine Translation Evaluation},
  pages     = {104--111},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2007},
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/coling/YuWXJLL14,
  author    = {Hui Yu and
               Xiaofeng Wu and
               Jun Xie and
               Wenbin Jiang and
               Qun Liu and
               Shouxun Lin},
  title     = {{RED:} {A} Reference Dependency Based {MT} Evaluation Metric},
  pages     = {2042--2051},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2014}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/wmt/PopovicN09,
  author    = {Maja Popovic and
               Hermann Ney},
  title     = {Syntax-Oriented Evaluation Measures for Machine Translation Output},
  pages     = {29--32},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2009}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/acl/BanchsL11,
  author    = {Rafael E. Banchs and
               Haizhou Li},
  title     = {{AM-FM:} {A} Semantic Framework for Translation Quality Assessment},
  pages     = {153--158},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2011}
}
@inproceedings{reeder2006measuring,
  title={Measuring MT adequacy using latent semantic analysis},
  author={Reeder, Florence},
  publisher={Proceedings of the 7th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation of the Americas. Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  pages={176--184},
  year={2006}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/acl/LoBSW14,
  author    = {Chi-kiu Lo and
               Meriem Beloucif and
               Markus Saers and
               Dekai Wu},
  title     = {{XMEANT:} Better semantic {MT} evaluation without reference translations},
  pages     = {765--771},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2014}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/lrec/VilarXDN06,
  author    = {David Vilar and
               Jia Xu and
               Luis Fernando D'Haro and
               Hermann Ney},
  title     = {Error Analysis of Statistical Machine Translation Output},
  pages     = {697--702},
  publisher = {European Language Resources Association {(ELRA)}},
  year      = {2006}
}
@inproceedings{popovic2011human,
  title={From human to automatic error classification for machine translation output},
  author={Popovic, Maja and Burchardt, Aljoscha and others},
  publisher={European Association for Machine Translation},
  year={2011}
}
@article{DBLP:journals/mt/CostaLLCC15,
  author    = {{\^{A}}ngela Costa and
               Wang Ling and
               Tiago Lu{\'{\i}}s and
               Rui Correia and
               Lu{\'{\i}}sa Coheur},
  title     = {A linguistically motivated taxonomy for Machine Translation error
               analysis},
  journal   = {Machine Translation},
  volume    = {29},
  number    = {2},
  pages     = {127--161},
  year      = {2015}
}
@inproceedings{lommel2014using,
  title={Using a new analytic measure for the annotation and analysis of MT errors on real data},
  author={Lommel, Arle and Burchardt, Aljoscha and Popovic, Maja and Harris, Kim and Avramidis, Eleftherios and Uszkoreit, Hans},
  publisher={European Association for Machine Translation},
  pages={165--172},
  year={2014}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/wmt/PopovicGGLNMFB06,
  author    = {Maja Popovic and
               Adri{\`{a}} de Gispert and
               Deepa Gupta and
               Patrik Lambert and
               Hermann Ney and
               Jos{\'{e}} B. Mari{\~{n}}o and
               Marcello Federico and
               Rafael E. Banchs},
  title     = {Morpho-syntactic Information for Automatic Error Analysis of Statistical
               Machine Translation Output},
  pages     = {1--6},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2006}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/wmt/PopovicN07,
  author    = {Maja Popovic and
               Hermann Ney},
  title     = {Word Error Rates: Decomposition over {POS} classes and Applications
               for Error Analysis},
  pages     = {48--55},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2007}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/acl/GonzalezMM13,
  author    = {Meritxell Gonz{\'{a}}lez and
               Laura Mascarell and
               Llu{\'{\i}}s M{\`{a}}rquez},
  title     = {tSEARCH: Flexible and Fast Search over Automatic Translations for
               Improved Quality/Error Analysis},
  pages     = {181--186},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2013}
}
@inproceedings{coughlin2003correlating,
  title={Correlating automated and human assessments of machine translation quality},
  author={Coughlin, Deborah},
  year={2003}
}
@inproceedings{popescu2003experiment,
  title={An experiment in comparative evaluation: humans vs. computers},
  author={Popescu-Belis, Andrei},
  publisher={Proceedings of the Ninth Machine Translation Summit. New Orleans},
  year={2003}
}
@article{pearson1920notes,
  title={Notes on the history of correlation},
  author={Pearson, Karl},
  journal={Biometrika},
  volume={13},
  number={1},
  pages={25--45},
  year={1920},
  publisher={JSTOR}
}
@inproceedings{culy2003limits,
  title={The limits of N-gram translation evaluation metrics},
  author={Culy, Christopher and Riehemann, Susanne Z},
  publisher={MT Summit IX},
  pages={71--78},
  year={2003}
}
@article{finch2004using,
  title={Using a paraphraser to improve machine translation evaluation},
  author={Finch, Andrew and Akiba, Yasuhiro and Sumita, Eiichiro},
  journal={International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing},
  year={2004}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/coling/HamonM08,
  author    = {Olivier Hamon and
               Djamel Mostefa},
  title     = {The Impact of Reference Quality on Automatic {MT} Evaluation},
  publisher = {International conference on machine learning},
  pages     = {39--42},
  year      = {2008}
}
@inproceedings{doddington2002automatic,
  title={Automatic evaluation of machine translation quality using n-gram co-occurrence statistics},
  publisher={Proceedings of the second international conference on Human Language Technology Research},
  author={Doddington, George},
  pages={138--145},
  year={2002}
}
@inproceedings{callison2006re,
  title={Re-evaluation the role of bleu in machine translation research},
  author={Callison-Burch, Chris and Osborne, Miles and Koehn, Philipp},
  publisher={11th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year={2006}
}
@InProceedings{Miller:2005:MTS,
  author    = {Keith J. Miller and Michelle Vanni},
  title     = {Inter-rater Agreement Measures, and the Refinement of Metrics in the PLATO MT Evaluation Paradigm},
  publisher = {The tenth Machine Translation Summit},
  pages     = {125--132},
  year      = {2005}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/acl/Och03,
  author    = {Franz Josef Och},
  title     = {Minimum Error Rate Training in Statistical Machine Translation},
  pages     = {160--167},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2003},
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/wmt/Post18,
author = {Matt Post},
title = {A Call for Clarity in Reporting {BLEU} Scores},
pages = {186--191},
publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
year = {2018},
}
@inproceedings{he2012maximum,
title={Maximum expected bleu training of phrase and lexicon translation models},
author={He, Xiaodong and Deng, Li},
publisher={Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
pages={292--301},
year={2012}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/acl/ChenG15,
author = {Boxing Chen and
Hongyu Guo},
title = {Representation Based Translation Evaluation Metrics},
pages = {150--155},
publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
year = {2015},
}
@inproceedings{kulesza2004learning,
title={A learning approach to improving sentence-level MT evaluation},
author={Kulesza, Alex and Shieber, Stuart},
publisher={Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation},
year={2004}
}
@inproceedings{corston2001machine,
title={A machine learning approach to the automatic evaluation of machine translation},
author={Corston-Oliver, Simon and Gamon, Michael and Brockett, Chris},
publisher={Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
pages={148--155},
year={2001}
}
@article{albrecht2008regression,
title={Regression for machine translation evaluation at the sentence level},
author={Albrecht, Joshua S and Hwa, Rebecca},
volume={22},
number={1-2},
pages={1},
year={2008},
publisher={Springer}
}
@inproceedings{duh2008ranking,
title={Ranking vs. regression in machine translation evaluation},
author={Duh, Kevin},
publisher={Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Statistical Machine Translation},
pages={191--194},
year={2008}
}
@inproceedings{chen2015multi,
title={Multi-level evaluation for machine translation},
author={Chen, Boxing and Guo, Hongyu and Kuhn, Roland},
publisher={Proceedings of the Tenth Workshop on Statistical Machine Translation},
pages={361--365},
year={2015}
}
@book{DBLP:books/sp/EfronT93,
author = {Bradley Efron and
Robert Tibshirani},
title = {An Introduction to the Bootstrap},
publisher = {Springer},
year = {1993}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/emnlp/Koehn04,
author = {Philipp Koehn},
title = {Statistical Significance Tests for Machine Translation Evaluation},
pages = {388--395},
publisher = {{ACL}},
year = {2004}
}
@book{noreen1989computer,
title={Computer-intensive methods for testing hypotheses},
author={Noreen, Eric W},
year={1989},
publisher={Wiley New York}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/acl/RiezlerM05,
author = {Stefan Riezler and
John T. Maxwell III},
title = {On Some Pitfalls in Automatic Evaluation and Significance Testing
for {MT}},
pages = {57--64},
publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
year = {2005}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/emnlp/Berg-KirkpatrickBK12,
author = {Taylor Berg-Kirkpatrick and
David Burkett and
Dan Klein},
title = {An Empirical Investigation of Statistical Significance in {NLP}},
pages = {995--1005},
publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
year = {2012}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/wmt/Bicici13a,
  author    = {Ergun Bi{\c{c}}ici},
  title     = {Referential Translation Machines for Quality Estimation},
  pages     = {343--351},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2013}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/wmt/SouzaBTN13,
  author    = {Jos{\'{e}} Guilherme Camargo de Souza and
               Christian Buck and
               Marco Turchi and
               Matteo Negri},
  title     = {FBK-UEdin Participation to the {WMT13} Quality Estimation Shared Task},
  pages     = {352--358},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2013}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/wmt/SouzaGBTN14,
  author    = {Jos{\'{e}} Guilherme Camargo de Souza and
               Jes{\'{u}}s Gonz{\'{a}}lez-Rubio and
               Christian Buck and
               Marco Turchi and
               Matteo Negri},
  title     = {FBK-UPV-UEdin participation in the {WMT14} Quality Estimation shared-task},
  pages     = {322--328},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2014}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/wmt/Espla-GomisSF15,
  author    = {Miquel Espl{\`{a}}-Gomis and
               Felipe S{\'{a}}nchez-Mart{\'{\i}}nez and
               Mikel L. Forcada},
  title     = {UAlacant word-level machine translation quality estimation system
               at {WMT} 2015},
  pages     = {309--315},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2015}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/wmt/KreutzerSR15,
  author    = {Julia Kreutzer and
               Shigehiko Schamoni and
               Stefan Riezler},
  title     = {QUality Estimation from ScraTCH {(QUETCH):} Deep Learning for Word-level
               Translation Quality Estimation},
  pages     = {316--322},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2015}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/wmt/MartinsAHK16,
  author    = {Andr{\'{e}} F. T. Martins and
               Ram{\'{o}}n Fern{\'{a}}ndez Astudillo and
               Chris Hokamp and
               Fabio Kepler},
  title     = {Unbabel's Participation in the {WMT16} Word-Level Translation Quality
               Estimation Shared Task},
  pages     = {806--811},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2016}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/wmt/ChenTZXZLW17,
  author    = {Zhiming Chen and
               Yiming Tan and
               Chenlin Zhang and
               Qingyu Xiang and
               Lilin Zhang and
               Maoxi Li and
               Mingwen Wang},
  title     = {Improving Machine Translation Quality Estimation with Neural Network
               Features},
  pages     = {551--555},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2017}
}
@inproceedings{kreutzer2015quality,
  title={Quality estimation from scratch (quetch): Deep learning for word-level translation quality estimation},
  author={Kreutzer, Julia and Schamoni, Shigehiko and Riezler, Stefan},
  publisher={Proceedings of the Tenth Workshop on Statistical Machine Translation},
  pages={316--322},
  year={2015}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/wmt/ScartonBSSS16,
  author    = {Carolina Scarton and
               Daniel Beck and
               Kashif Shah and
               Karin Sim Smith and
               Lucia Specia},
  title     = {Word embeddings and discourse information for Quality Estimation},
  pages     = {831--837},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2016}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/wmt/AbdelsalamBE16,
  author    = {Amal Abdelsalam and
               Ondrej Bojar and
               Samhaa El-Beltagy},
  title     = {Bilingual Embeddings and Word Alignments for Translation Quality Estimation},
  pages     = {764--771},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2016}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/wmt/BasuPN18,
  author    = {Prasenjit Basu and
               Santanu Pal and
               Sudip Kumar Naskar},
  title     = {Keep It or Not: Word Level Quality Estimation for Post-Editing},
  pages     = {759--764},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2018}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/wmt/Lo19,
  author    = {Chi-kiu Lo},
  title     = {YiSi - a Unified Semantic {MT} Quality Evaluation and Estimation Metric
               for Languages with Different Levels of Available Resources},
  pages     = {507--513},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2019}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/wmt/YankovskayaTF19,
  author    = {Elizaveta Yankovskaya and
               Andre T{\"{a}}ttar and
               Mark Fishel},
  title     = {Quality Estimation and Translation Metrics via Pre-trained Word and
               Sentence Embeddings},
  pages     = {101--105},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2019}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/wmt/Qi19,
  author    = {Hou Qi},
  title     = {{NJU} Submissions for the {WMT19} Quality Estimation Shared Task},
  pages     = {95--100},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2019}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/wmt/ZhouZH19,
  author    = {Junpei Zhou and
               Zhisong Zhang and
               Zecong Hu},
  title     = {{SOURCE:} SOURce-Conditional Elmo-style Model for Machine Translation
               Quality Estimation},
  pages     = {106--111},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2019}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/wmt/Hokamp17,
  author    = {Chris Hokamp},
  title     = {Ensembling Factored Neural Machine Translation Models for Automatic
               Post-Editing and Quality Estimation},
  pages     = {647--654},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2017}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/wmt/KimLKN19,
  author    = {Hyun Kim and
               Joon-Ho Lim and
               Hyun-Ki Kim and
               Seung-Hoon Na},
  title     = {{QE} {BERT:} Bilingual {BERT} Using Multi-task Learning for Neural
               Quality Estimation},
  pages     = {85--89},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2019}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/wmt/HildebrandV13,
  author    = {Silja Hildebrand and
               Stephan Vogel},
  title     = {{MT} Quality Estimation: The {CMU} System for WMT'13},
  pages     = {373--379},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2013}
}
@article{kepler2019unbabel,
  title={Unbabel's Participation in the WMT19 Translation Quality Estimation Shared Task},
  pages={78--84},
  author={Kepler, F{\'a}bio and Tr{\'e}nous, Jonay and Treviso, Marcos and Vera, Miguel and G{\'o}is, Ant{\'o}nio and Farajian, M Amin and Lopes, Ant{\'o}nio V and Martins, Andr{\'e} FT},
  year={2019}
}
@inproceedings{martins2016unbabel,
  title={Unbabel’s participation in the wmt16 word-level translation quality estimation shared task},
  author={Martins, Andr{\'e} FT and Astudillo, Ram{\'o}n and Hokamp, Chris and Kepler, Fabio},
  publisher={Proceedings of the First Conference on Machine Translation},
  pages={806--811},
  year={2016}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/wmt/ShahLPBBBS15,
  author    = {Kashif Shah and
               Varvara Logacheva and
               Gustavo Paetzold and
               Fr{\'{e}}d{\'{e}}ric Blain and
               Daniel Beck and
               Fethi Bougares and
               Lucia Specia},
  title     = {{SHEF-NN:} Translation Quality Estimation with Neural Networks},
  pages     = {342--347},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2015}
}
@book{huang2019machine,
  title={Machine Translation: 15th China Conference, CCMT 2019, Nanchang, China, September 27--29, 2019, Revised Selected Papers},
  author={Huang, Shujian and Knight, Kevin},
  volume={1104},
  year={2019},
  publisher={Springer Nature}
}
@article{akaike1974new,
  title={A new look at the statistical model identification},
  author={Akaike, Hirotugu},
  volume={19},
  number={6},
  pages={716--723},
  year={1974},
  publisher={IEEE}
}
@inproceedings{wang2019niutrans,
  title={NiuTrans Submission for CCMT19 Quality Estimation Task},
  author={Wang, Ziyang and Liu, Hui and Chen, Hexuan and Feng, Kai and Wang, Zeyang and Li, Bei and Xu, Chen and Xiao, Tong and Zhu, Jingbo},
  pages={82--92},
  year={2019},
  publisher={Springer}
}
@book{jurafsky2000speech,
  title={Speech \& language processing},
  author={Jurafsky, Dan},
  year={2000},
  publisher={Pearson Education India}
}
%%%%% chapter 4------------------------------------------------------
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%% chapter 5------------------------------------------------------
@article{brown1990statistical,
  author    = {Peter F. Brown and
               John Cocke and
               Stephen Della Pietra and
               Vincent J. Della Pietra and
               Frederick Jelinek and
               John D. Lafferty and
               Robert L. Mercer and
               Paul S. Roossin},
  title     = {A Statistical Approach to Machine Translation},
  journal   = {Computational Linguistics},
  volume    = {16},
  number    = {2},
  pages     = {79--85},
  year      = {1990}
}

@article{knight1999decoding,
  author    = {Kevin Knight},
  title     = {Decoding Complexity in Word-Replacement Translation Models},
  journal   = {Computational Linguistics},
  volume    = {25},
  number    = {4},
  pages     = {607--615},
  year      = {1999}
}
@article{shannon1949communication,
  title ={Communication theory of secrecy systems},
  author ={Claude Elwood Shannon},
  journal ={Bell system technical journal},
  volume ={28},
  number ={4},
  pages ={656--715},
  year ={1949}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/acl/Moore04,
  author    = {Robert C. Moore},
  title     = {Improving {IBM} Word Alignment Model 1},
  pages     = {518--525},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational
               Linguistics},
  year      = {2004}
}
@article{肖桐1991面向统计机器翻译的重对齐方法研究,
  title={面向统计机器翻译的重对齐方法研究},
  author={肖桐 and
          李天宁 and
          陈如山 and
          朱靖波 and
          王会珍},
  journal={中文信息学报},
  volume={24},
  number={110--116},
  year={2010},
}

@inproceedings{2005Improvin,
  author    = {Hua Wu and
               Haifeng Wang},
  title     = {Improving Statistical Word Alignment with Ensemble Methods},
  volume    = {3651},
  pages     = {462--473},
  publisher = {International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing},
  year      = {2005}
}
@article{1998Grammar,
  title={Grammar Inference and Statistical Machine Translation},
  author={Ye-Yi Wang and Wayne Ward},
  year={1999},
  publisher={Carnegie Mellon University}
}

@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/acl-vlc/DaganCG93,
  author    = {Ido Dagan and
               Kenneth Ward Church and
               Willian Gale},
  title     = {Robust Bilingual Word Alignment for Machine Aided Translation},
  publisher = {Very Large Corpora},
  year      = {1993}
}

@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/naacl/GaleC91,
  author    = {William A. Gale and
               Kenneth Ward Church},
  title     = {Identifying Word Correspondences in Parallel Texts},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year      = {1991}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/naacl/LiangTK06,
  author    = {Percy Liang and
               Benjamin Taskar and
               Dan Klein},
  title     = {Alignment by Agreement},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2006}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/naacl/DyerCS13,
  author    = {Chris Dyer and
               Victor Chahuneau and
               Noah A. Smith},
  title     = {A Simple, Fast, and Effective Reparameterization of {IBM} Model 2},
  pages     = {644--648},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2013}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/acl/DeNeroK07,
  author    = {John DeNero and
               Dan Klein},
  title     = {Tailoring Word Alignments to Syntactic Machine Translation},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2007}
}

@inproceedings{paul2007all,
  author = {Paul C Davis，Zhuli Xie and
            Kevin Small},
  publisher={Machine Translation Summit XI},
  title  = {All Links are not the Same: Evaluating Word Alignments for Statistical Machine Translation},
  year   = {2007}
}

@article{黄书剑2009一种错误敏感的词对齐评价方法,
  title={一种错误敏感的词对齐评价方法},
  author={黄书剑 and
          奚宁 and
          赵迎功 and
          戴新宇 and
          陈家骏},
  journal={中文信息学报},
  volume={23},
  number={88-94},
  year={2009}
}
@article{DBLP:journals/coling/FraserM07,
  author    = {Alexander Fraser and
               Daniel Marcu},
  title     = {Measuring Word Alignment Quality for Statistical Machine Translation},
  journal   = {Computational Linguistics},
  volume    = {33},
  number    = {3},
  pages     = {293--303},
  year      = {2007}
}
@article{DBLP:journals/corr/FengLLZ16,
  author    = {Shi Feng and
               Shujie Liu and
               Mu Li and
               Ming Zhou},
  title     = {Implicit Distortion and Fertility Models for Attention-based Encoder-Decoder
               {NMT} Model},
  journal   = {CoRR},
  volume    = {abs/1601.03317},
  year      = {2016}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/coling/UdupaFM04,
  author    = {Raghavendra Udupa and
               Tanveer A. Faruquie and
               Hemanta Kumar Maji},
  title     = {An Algorithmic Framework for Solving the Decoding Problem in Statistical
               Machine Translation},
  year      = {2004},
  publisher  = {International Conference on Computational Linguistics}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/naacl/RiedelC09,
  author    = {Sebastian Riedel and
               James Clarke},
  title     = {Revisiting Optimal Decoding for Machine Translation {IBM} Model 4},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2009},
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/eacl/UdupaM06,
  author    = {Raghavendra Udupa and
               Hemanta Kumar Maji},
  title     = {Computational Complexity of Statistical Machine Translation},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2006}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/emnlp/LeuschMN08,
  author    = {Gregor Leusch and
               Evgeny Matusov and
               Hermann Ney},
  title     = {Complexity of Finding the BLEU-optimal Hypothesis in a Confusion Network},
  pages     = {839--847},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2008}
}
@article{DBLP:journals/mt/FlemingKN15,
  author    = {Noah Fleming and
               Antonina Kolokolova and
               Renesa Nizamee},
  title     = {Complexity of alignment and decoding problems: restrictions and approximations},
  journal   = {Machine Translation},
  volume    = {29},
  number    = {3-4},
  pages     = {163--187},
  year      = {2015}
}
%%%%% chapter 5------------------------------------------------------
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%% chapter 6------------------------------------------------------

@inproceedings{ittycheriah2005maximum,
  author    = {Abraham Ittycheriah and
               Salim Roukos},
  title     = {A Maximum Entropy Word Aligner for Arabic-English Machine Translation},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2005}
}
@inproceedings{koehn2003statistical,
  author    = {Philipp Koehn and
               Franz Josef Och and
               Daniel Marcu},
  title     = {Statistical Phrase-Based Translation},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2003}
}
@book{manning1999foundations,
  title ={Foundations of statistical natural language processing},
  author ={Manning, Christopher D and Manning, Christopher D and Sch{\"u}tze, Hinrich},
  year ={1999},
  publisher ={Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press}
}
@article{och2003systematic,
  author    = {Franz Josef Och and
               Hermann Ney},
  title     = {A Systematic Comparison of Various Statistical Alignment Models},
  journal   = {Computational Linguistics},
  volume    = {29},
  number    = {1},
  pages     = {19--51},
  year      = {2003}
}
@article{och2004alignment,
  author    = {Franz Josef Och and
               Hermann Ney},
  title     = {The Alignment Template Approach to Statistical Machine Translation},
  journal   = {Computational Linguistics},
  volume    = {30},
  number    = {4},
  pages     = {417--449},
  year      = {2004}
}
@inproceedings{vogel1996hmm,
  author    = {Stephan Vogel and
               Hermann Ney and
               Christoph Tillmann},
  title     = {HMM-Based Word Alignment in Statistical Translation},
  publisher = {International Conference on Computational Linguistics},
  pages     = {836--841},
  year      = {1996}
}
@article{xiao2013unsupervised,
  title ={Unsupervised sub-tree alignment for tree-to-tree translation},
  author ={Tong Xiao and Jingbo Zhu},
  journal ={Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research},
  volume ={48},
  pages ={733--782},
  year ={2013}
}
@inproceedings{1966Decentering,
  author    = {Brown D.C.},
  title     = {Decentering Distortion of Lenses},
  publisher = {Photogrammetric Engineering},
  volume    = {32},
  pages     = {444--462},
  year      = {1966}
}
@inproceedings{ClausF05,
  author    = {David Claus and
               Andrew W. Fitzgibbon},
  title     = {A Rational Function Lens Distortion Model for General Cameras},
  pages     = {213--219},
  publisher = {{IEEE} Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern
               Recognition},
  year      = {2005},
}
@inproceedings{ChiangLMMRS05,
  author    = {David Chiang and
               Adam Lopez and
               Nitin Madnani and
               Christof Monz and
               Philip Resnik and
               Michael Subotin},
  title     = {The Hiero Machine Translation System: Extensions, Evaluation, and
               Analysis},
  pages     = {779--786},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2005},
}
%%%%% chapter 6------------------------------------------------------
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%% chapter 7------------------------------------------------------
@article{DBLP:journals/tit/Viterbi67,
  author    = {Andrew J. Viterbi},
  title     = {Error bounds for convolutional codes and an asymptotically optimum
               decoding algorithm},
  journal   = {IEEE Transactions on Information Theory},
  volume    = {13},
  number    = {2},
  pages     = {260--269},
  year      = {1967}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/acl/OchN02,
  author    = {Franz Josef Och and
               Hermann Ney},
  title     = {Discriminative Training and Maximum Entropy Models for Statistical
               Machine Translation},
  pages     = {295--302},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2002}
}
@inproceedings{koehn2000estimating,
  author    = {Philipp Koehn and
               Kevin Knight},
  title     = {Estimating Word Translation Probabilities from Unrelated Monolingual
               Corpora Using the {EM} Algorithm},
  pages     = {711--715},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  year      = {2000}
}
@inproceedings{taskar2005a,
  author    = {Benjamin Taskar and
               Simon Lacoste-Julien and
               Dan Klein},
  title     = {A Discriminative Matching Approach to Word Alignment},
  pages     = {73--80},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2005}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/coling/OchN00,
  author    = {Franz Josef Och and
               Hermann Ney},
  title     = {A Comparison of Alignment Models for Statistical Machine Translation},
  pages     = {1086--1090},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year      = {2000}
}
@inproceedings{koehn2002learning,
    author = {Kevin Knight},
    title = {Learning a translation lexicon from monolingual corpora},
	publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
    year = {2002},
    pages = {9--16}
}
@inproceedings{Gros2008MSD,
	author ={Gros, Jerneja {\v{Z}}ganec},
	title ={MSD Recombination Method in Statistical Machine Translation},
	volume ={1060},
	pages ={186--189},
	publisher ={American Institute of Physics},
	year ={2008},
}
@inproceedings{xiong2006maximum,
  author    = {Deyi Xiong and
               Qun Liu and
               Shouxun Lin},
  title     = {Maximum Entropy Based Phrase Reordering Model for Statistical Machine
               Translation},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2006}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/naacl/KumarB05,
  author    = {Shankar Kumar and
               William J. Byrne},
  title     = {Local Phrase Reordering Models for Statistical Machine Translation},
  pages     = {161--168},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2005}
}
@inproceedings{li-etal-2014-neural,
  author    = {Peng Li and
               Yang Liu and
               Maosong Sun and
               Tatsuya Izuha and
               Dakun Zhang},
  title     = {A Neural Reordering Model for Phrase-based Translation},
  pages     = {1897--1907},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2014}
}

@article{powell1964an,
  author    = {M. J. D. Powell},
  title     = {An efficient method for finding the minimum of a function of several
               variables without calculating derivatives},
  journal   = {The Computer Journal},
  volume    = {7},
  number    = {2},
  pages     = {155--162},
  year      = {1964}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/emnlp/ChiangMR08,
  author    = {David Chiang and
               Yuval Marton and
               Philip Resnik},
  title     = {Online Large-Margin Training of Syntactic and Structural Translation
               Features},
  pages     = {224--233},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2008}
}
@inproceedings{Hopkins2011Tuning,
  author    = {Mark Hopkins and
               Jonathan May},
  title     = {Tuning as Ranking},
  pages     = {1352--1362},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2011}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/acl/KleinM03,
  author    = {Dan Klein and
               Christopher D. Manning},
  title     = {Accurate Unlexicalized Parsing},
  pages     = {423--430},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2003}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/acl/OchW98,
  author    = {Franz Josef Och and
               Hans Weber},
  title     = {Improving Statistical Natural Language Translation with Categories
               and Rules},
  pages     = {985--989},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {1998}
}
@phdthesis{DBLP:phd/dnb/Och02,
  author    = {Franz Josef Och},
  title     = {Statistical machine translation: from single word models to alignment
               templates},
  publisher = {{RWTH} Aachen University, Germany},
  year      = {2002}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/acl/WangW98,
  author    = {Ye-Yi Wang and
               Alex Waibel},
  title     = {Modeling with Structures in Statistical Machine Translation},
  pages     = {1357--1363},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {1998}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/acl/WatanabeSO03,
  author    = {Taro Watanabe and
               Eiichiro Sumita and
               Hiroshi G. Okuno},
  title     = {Chunk-Based Statistical Translation},
  pages     = {303--310},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2003}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/acl/Marcu01,
  author    = {Daniel Marcu},
  title     = {Towards a Unified Approach to Memory- and Statistical-Based Machine
               Translation},
  pages     = {378--385},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  year      = {2001}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/ki/ZensON02,
  author    = {Richard Zens and
               Franz Josef Och and
               Hermann Ney},
  title     = {Phrase-Based Statistical Machine Translation},
  volume    = {2479},
  pages     = {18--32},
  publisher = {Springer},
  year      = {2002}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/naacl/ZensN04,
  author    = {Richard Zens and
               Hermann Ney},
  title     = {Improvements in Phrase-Based Statistical Machine Translation},
  pages     = {257--264},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2004}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/emnlp/MarcuW02,
  author    = {Daniel Marcu and
               Daniel Wong},
  title     = {A Phrase-Based, Joint Probability Model for Statistical Machine Translation},
  publisher = {Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing},
  pages     = {133--139},
  year      = {2002}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/wmt/DeNeroGZK06,
  author    = {John DeNero and
               Dan Gillick and
               James Zhang and
               Dan Klein},
  title     = {Why Generative Phrase Models Underperform Surface Heuristics},
  pages     = {31--38},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2006}
}
@inproceedings{german2011bilingual,
  author    = {German Sanchis-Trilles and
               Daniel Ortiz-Martinez and
               Jesus Gonzalez-Rubio and
               Jorge Gonzalez and
			   Francisco Casacuberta},
  title     = {Bilingual segmentation for phrasetable pruning in Statistical Machine Translation},
  pages     = {257--264},
  publisher = {Conference of the European Association for Machine Translation},
  year      = {2011}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/coling/BlackwoodGB08,
  author    = {Graeme W. Blackwood and
               Adri{\`{a}} de Gispert and
               William Byrne},
  title     = {Phrasal Segmentation Models for Statistical Machine Translation},
  publisher = {International Conference on Computational Linguistics},
  pages     = {19--22},
  year      = {2008}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/naacl/XiongZL10,
  author    = {Deyi Xiong and
               Min Zhang and
               Haizhou Li},
  title     = {Learning Translation Boundaries for Phrase-Based Decoding},
  pages     = {136--144},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2010}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/naacl/Tillman04,
  author    = {Christoph Tillman},
  title     = {A Unigram Orientation Model for Statistical Machine Translation},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2004}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/acl/NagataSYO06,
  author    = {Masaaki Nagata and
               Kuniko Saito and
               Kazuhide Yamamoto and
               Kazuteru Ohashi},
  title     = {A Clustered Global Phrase Reordering Model for Statistical Machine
               Translation},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2006}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/wmt/ZensN06,
  author    = {Richard Zens and
               Hermann Ney},
  title     = {Discriminative Reordering Models for Statistical Machine Translation},
  pages     = {55--63},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2006}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/naacl/GreenGM10,
  author    = {Spence Green and
               Michel Galley and
               Christopher D. Manning},
  title     = {Improved Models of Distortion Cost for Statistical Machine Translation},
  pages     = {867--875},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2010}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/naacl/Cherry13,
  author    = {Colin Cherry},
  title     = {Improved Reordering for Phrase-Based Translation using Sparse Features},
  pages     = {22--31},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2013}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/wmt/HuckWRN13,
  author    = {Matthias Huck and
               Joern Wuebker and
               Felix Rietig and
               Hermann Ney},
  title     = {A Phrase Orientation Model for Hierarchical Machine Translation},
  pages     = {452--463},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2013}
}

@inproceedings{matthias2012discriminative,
  author    = {Matthias Huck and
			   Stephan Peitz and
               Markus Freitag and
               Hermann Ney},
  title     = {Discriminative Reordering Extensions for Hierarchical Phrase-Based Machine Translation },
  publisher = {International Conference on Material Engineering and Advanced Manufacturing Technology},
  year      = {2012}
}
@inproceedings{vinh2009improving,
  author    = {Vinh Van Nguyen and
			   Akira Shimazu and
               Minh Le Nguyen and
               Thai Phuong Nguyen},
  title     = {Improving a Lexicalized Hierarchical Reordering Model Using Maximum Entropy},
  publisher = {Machine Translation Summit XII},
  year      = {2009}
}
@article{DBLP:journals/coling/BisazzaF16,
  author    = {Arianna Bisazza and
               Marcello Federico},
  title     = {A Survey of Word Reordering in Statistical Machine Translation: Computational
               Models and Language Phenomena},
  journal   = {Computational Linguistics},
  volume    = {42},
  number    = {2},
  pages     = {163--205},
  year      = {2016}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/coling/XiaM04,
  author    = {Fei Xia and
               Michael C. McCord},
  title     = {Improving a Statistical {MT} System with Automatically Learned Rewrite
               Patterns},
  publisher = {International Conference on Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2004}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/acl/CollinsKK05,
  author    = {Michael Collins and
               Philipp Koehn and
               Ivona Kucerova},
  title     = {Clause Restructuring for Statistical Machine Translation},
  pages     = {531--540},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2005}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/emnlp/WangCK07,
  author    = {Chao Wang and
               Michael Collins and
               Philipp Koehn},
  title     = {Chinese Syntactic Reordering for Statistical Machine Translation},
  pages     = {737--745},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2007}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/ijcnlp/WuSDTN11,
  author    = {Xianchao Wu and
               Katsuhito Sudoh and
               Kevin Duh and
               Hajime Tsukada and
               Masaaki Nagata},
  title     = {Extracting Pre-ordering Rules from Predicate-Argument Structures},
  pages     = {29--37},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2011}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/coling/TillmannN00,
  author    = {Christoph Tillmann and
               Hermann Ney},
  title     = {Word Re-ordering and DP-based Search in Statistical Machine Translation},
  pages     = {850--856},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year      = {2000}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/iwslt/ShenDA06a,
  author    = {Wade Shen and
               Brian Delaney and
               Timothy R. Anderson},
  title     = {An efficient graph search decoder for phrase-based statistical machine
               translation},
  pages     = {197--204},
  publisher = {International Symposium on Computer Architecture},
  year      = {2006}
}

@inproceedings{robert2007faster,
  author    = {Robert C. Moore and
               Chris Quirk},
  title     = {Faster Beam-Search Decoding for Phrasal Statistical Machine Translation},
  publisher = {Machine Translation Summit XI},
  year      = {2007}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/acl/HeafieldKM14,
  author    = {Kenneth Heafield and
               Michael Kayser and
               Christopher D. Manning},
  title     = {Faster Phrase-Based Decoding by Refining Feature State},
  pages     = {130--135},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2014}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/acl/WuebkerNZ12,
  author    = {Joern Wuebker and
               Hermann Ney and
               Richard Zens},
  title     = {Fast and Scalable Decoding with Language Model Look-Ahead for Phrase-based
               Statistical Machine Translation},
  pages     = {28--32},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2012}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/iwslt/ZensN08,
  author    = {Richard Zens and
               Hermann Ney},
  title     = {Improvements in dynamic programming beam search for phrase-based statistical
               machine translation},
  pages     = {198--205},
  publisher = {International Symposium on Computer Architecture},
  year      = {2008}
}
@inproceedings{och2004smorgasbord,
  author    = {Franz Josef Och and
               Daniel Gildea and
               Sanjeev Khudanpur and
               Anoop Sarkar and
               Kenji Yamada and
               Alexander M. Fraser and
               Shankar Kumar and
               Libin Shen and
               David Smith and
               Katherine Eng and
               Viren Jain and
               Zhen Jin and
               Dragomir R. Radev},
  title     = {A Smorgasbord of Features for Statistical Machine Translation},
  pages     = {161--168},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2004}
}
@inproceedings{Chiang200911,
  author    = {David Chiang and
               Kevin Knight and
               Wei Wang},
  title     = {11,001 New Features for Statistical Machine Translation},
  pages     = {218--226},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2009}
}
@inproceedings{gildea2003loosely,
  author    = {Daniel Gildea},
  title     = {Loosely Tree-Based Alignment for Machine Translation},
  pages     = {80--87},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2003}
}
@inproceedings{Blunsom2008A,
  author    = {Phil Blunsom and
               Trevor Cohn and
               Miles Osborne},
  title     = {A Discriminative Latent Variable Model for Statistical Machine Translation},
  pages     = {200--208},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2008}
}
@inproceedings{Blunsom2009A,
  author    = {Phil Blunsom and
               Trevor Cohn and
               Chris Dyer and
               Miles Osborne},
  title     = {A Gibbs Sampler for Phrasal Synchronous Grammar Induction},
  pages     = {782--790},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2009}
}
@inproceedings{Cohn2009A,
  author    = {Trevor Cohn and
               Phil Blunsom},
  title     = {A Bayesian Model of Syntax-Directed Tree to String Grammar Induction},
  pages     = {352--361},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2009}
}
@inproceedings{smith2006minimum,
  author    = {David A. Smith and
               Jason Eisner},
  title     = {Minimum Risk Annealing for Training Log-Linear Models},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2006}
}
@inproceedings{li2009first,
  author    = {Zhifei Li and
               Jason Eisner},
  title     = {First- and Second-Order Expectation Semirings with Applications to
               Minimum-Risk Training on Translation Forests},
  pages     = {40--51},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2009}
}
@inproceedings{watanabe2007online,
  author    = {Taro Watanabe and
               Jun Suzuki and
               Hajime Tsukada and
               Hideki Isozaki},
  title     = {Online Large-Margin Training for Statistical Machine Translation},
  pages     = {764--773},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2007},
}
@inproceedings{dreyer2015apro,
  author    = {Markus Dreyer and
               Yuanzhe Dong},
  title     = {{APRO:} All-Pairs Ranking Optimization for {MT} Tuning},
  pages     = {1018--1023},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2015}
}
@article{XiaoA,
  author    = {Tong Xiao and
               Derek F. Wong and
               Jingbo Zhu},
  title     = {A Loss-Augmented Approach to Training Syntactic Machine Translation
               Systems},
  journal   = {IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing},
  volume    = {24},
  number    = {11},
  pages     = {2069--2083},
  year      = {2016}
}

@book{marcu2006practical,
  title={Practical structured learning techniques for natural language processing},
  author={Daume Iii, Harold Charles },
  publisher={University of Southern California},
  year={2006},
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/emnlp/SchwenkCF07,
  author    = {Holger Schwenk and
               Marta R. Costa-juss{\`{a}} and
               Jos{\'{e}} A. R. Fonollosa},
  title     = {Smooth Bilingual N-Gram Translation},
  pages     = {430--438},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2007}
}
@inproceedings{boxing2011unpacking,
  author    = {Boxing Chen and
               Roland Kuhn and
               George Foster and
			   Howard Johnson},
  title     = {Unpacking and Transforming Feature Functions: New Ways to Smooth Phrase Tables},
  publisher = {Machine Translation Summit},
  year      = {2011}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/coling/DuanSZ10,
  author    = {Nan Duan and
               Hong Sun and
               Ming Zhou},
  title     = {Translation Model Generalization using Probability Averaging for Machine
               Translation},
  publisher = {International Conference on Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2010}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/naacl/QuirkM06,
  author    = {Christopher Quirk and
               Arul Menezes},
  title     = {Do we need phrases? Challenging the conventional wisdom in Statistical
               Machine Translation},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2006}
}
@article{DBLP:journals/coling/MarinoBCGLFC06,
  author    = {Jos{\'{e}} B. Mari{\~{n}}o and
               Rafael E. Banchs and
               Josep Maria Crego and
               Adri{\`{a}} de Gispert and
               Patrik Lambert and
               Jos{\'{e}} A. R. Fonollosa and
               Marta R. Costa-juss{\`{a}}},
  title     = {\emph{N}-gram-based Machine Translation},
  journal   = {Computational Linguistics},
  volume    = {32},
  number    = {4},
  pages     = {527--549},
  year      = {2006}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/emnlp/ZensSX12,
  author    = {Richard Zens and
               Daisy Stanton and
               Peng Xu},
  title     = {A Systematic Comparison of Phrase Table Pruning Techniques},
  pages     = {972--983},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2012}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/emnlp/JohnsonMFK07,
  author    = {Howard Johnson and
               Joel D. Martin and
               George F. Foster and
               Roland Kuhn},
  title     = {Improving Translation Quality by Discarding Most of the Phrasetable},
  pages     = {967--975},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2007}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/emnlp/LingGTB12,
  author    = {Wang Ling and
               Jo{\~{a}}o Gra{\c{c}}a and
               Isabel Trancoso and
               Alan W. Black},
  title     = {Entropy-based Pruning for Phrase-based Machine Translation},
  pages     = {962--971},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2012}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/naacl/ZettlemoyerM07,
  author    = {Luke S. Zettlemoyer and
               Robert C. Moore},
  title     = {Selective Phrase Pair Extraction for Improved Statistical Machine
               Translation},
  pages     = {209--212},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2007}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/naacl/EckVW07,
  author    = {Matthias Eck and
               Stephan Vogel and
               Alex Waibel},
  title     = {Translation Model Pruning via Usage Statistics for Statistical Machine
               Translation},
  pages     = {21--24},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2007},
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/acl/Callison-BurchBS05,
  author    = {Chris Callison-Burch and
               Colin J. Bannard and
               Josh Schroeder},
  title     = {Scaling Phrase-Based Statistical Machine Translation to Larger Corpora
               and Longer Phrases},
  pages     = {255--262},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2005}
}

@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/acl/Callison-BurchBS05,
  author    = {Paul McNamee and James Mayfield},
  title     = {Translation of Multiword Expressions Using Parallel Suffix Arrays},
  publisher = {Association for Machine Translation in the Americas},
  year      = {2006}
}

@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/naacl/ZensN07,
  author    = {Richard Zens and
               Hermann Ney},
  title     = {Efficient Phrase-Table Representation for Machine Translation with
               Applications to Online {MT} and Speech Translation},
  pages     = {492--499},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2007}
}

@inproceedings{2014Dynamic,
  title={Dynamic Phrase Tables for Machine Translation in an Interactive Post-editing Scenario},
  author={Ulrich Germann },
  publisher = {Association for Machine Translation in the Americas},
  year={2014},
}
%%%%% chapter 7------------------------------------------------------
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%% chapter 8------------------------------------------------------
@article{Chiang2012Hope,
  author    = {David Chiang},
  title     = {Hope and Fear for Discriminative Training of Statistical Translation
               Models},
  journal   = {Journal of Machine Learning Research},
  volume    = {13},
  pages     = {1159--1187},
  year      = {2012}
}
@article{chiang2007hierarchical,
    title={Hierarchical Phrase-Based Translation},
    author ={David Chiang},
    journal ={Computational Linguistics},
    volume ={33},
    number ={2},
    pages ={201--228},
    year ={2007}
}
@book{cocke1969programming,
  title ={Programming Languages and Their Compilers: Preliminary Notes},
  author ={Cocke, John and Schwartz, J.T.},
  year ={1970},
  publisher ={Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University}
}
@article{younger1967recognition,
  author    = {Daniel H. Younger},
  title     = {Recognition and Parsing of Context-Free Languages in Time n{\^{3}}},
  journal   = {Information and Control},
  volume    = {10},
  number    = {2},
  pages     = {189--208},
  year      = {1967}
}
@article{kasami1966efficient,
  author ={Tadao Kasami},
  title ={An efficient recognition and syntax-analysis algorithm for context-free languages},
  journal ={Coordinated Science Laboratory Report no. R-257},
  year ={1966}
}
@inproceedings{huang2005better,
  author    = {Liang Huang and
               David Chiang},
  title     = {Better k-best Parsing},
  pages     = {53--64},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2005}
}
@article{wu1997stochastic,
  author    = {Dekai Wu},
  title     = {Stochastic Inversion Transduction Grammars and Bilingual Parsing of
               Parallel Corpora},
  journal   = {Computational Linguistics},
  volume    = {23},
  number    = {3},
  pages     = {377--403},
  year      = {1997}
}
@inproceedings{huang2006statistical,
  title ={Statistical syntax-directed translation with extended domain of locality},
  author ={Liang Huang and Kevin Knight and Aravind Joshi},
  pages ={66--73},
  year ={2006},
  publisher ={Computationally Hard Problems \& Joint Inference in Speech \& Language Processing}
}
@inproceedings{galley2004s,
  title ={What’s in a translation rule?},
  author ={Michel Galleyand Mark Hopkins and Kevin Knight and Daniel Marcu},
  publisher={Proceedings of the Human Language Technology Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  pages ={273--280},
  year ={2004}
}
@inproceedings{eisner2003learning,
  author    = {Jason Eisner},
  title     = {Learning Non-Isomorphic Tree Mappings for Machine Translation},
  pages     = {205--208},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2003}
}
@inproceedings{zhang2008tree,
  author    = {Min Zhang and
               Hongfei Jiang and
               AiTi Aw and
               Haizhou Li and
               Chew Lim Tan and
               Sheng Li},
  title     = {A Tree Sequence Alignment-based Tree-to-Tree Translation Model},
  pages     = {559--567},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2008}
}
@inproceedings{liu2009improving,
  author    = {Yang Liu and
               Yajuan L{\"{u}} and
               Qun Liu},
  title     = {Improving Tree-to-Tree Translation with Packed Forests},
  pages     = {558--566},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2009},
}
@inproceedings{chiang2010learning,
  author    = {David Chiang},
  title     = {Learning to Translate with Source and Target Syntax},
  pages     = {1443--1452},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2010}
}
@inproceedings{marcu2006spmt,
  author    = {Daniel Marcu and
               Wei Wang and
               Abdessamad Echihabi and
               Kevin Knight},
  title     = {{SPMT:} Statistical Machine Translation with Syntactified Target Language
               Phrases},
  pages     = {44--52},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2006}
}
@article{xue2005building,
  title={Building a large annotated Chinese corpus: the Penn Chinese treebank},
  author={Xue, Nianwen and Xia, Fei and dong Chiou, Fu and Palmer, Martha},
  journal={Journal of Natural Language Engineering},
  volume={11},
  number={2},
  pages={207--238},
  year={2005}
}
@article{DBLP:journals/coling/MarcusSM94,
  author    = {Mitchell P. Marcus and
               Beatrice Santorini and
               Mary Ann Marcinkiewicz},
  title     = {Building a Large Annotated Corpus of English: The Penn Treebank},
  journal   = {Computational Linguistics},
  volume    = {19},
  number    = {2},
  pages     = {313--330},
  year      = {1993}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/naacl/ZhangHGK06,
  author    = {Hao Zhang and
               Liang Huang and
               Daniel Gildea and
               Kevin Knight},
  title     = {Synchronous Binarization for Machine Translation},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2006}
}
@inproceedings{Tong2009Better,
  author    = {Tong Xiao and
               Mu Li and
               Dongdong Zhang and
               Jingbo Zhu and
               Ming Zhou},
  title     = {Better Synchronous Binarization for Machine Translation},
  pages     = {362--370},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2009}
}
@inproceedings{charniak2006multilevel,
	title={Multilevel Coarse-to-Fine PCFG Parsing},
	author={Eugene {Charniak} and Mark {Johnson} and Micha {Elsner} and Joseph {Austerweil} and David {Ellis} and Isaac {Haxton} and Catherine {Hill} and R. {Shrivaths} and Jeremy {Moore} and Michael {Pozar} and Theresa {Vu}},
	publisher={Proceedings of the Human Language Technology Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
	pages={168--175},
	year={2006}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/coling/GrovesHW04,
  author    = {Declan Groves and
               Mary Hearne and
               Andy Way},
  title     = {Robust Sub-Sentential Alignment of Phrase-Structure Trees},
  publisher = {International Conference on Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2004}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/coling/SunZT10,
  author    = {Jun Sun and
               Min Zhang and
               Chew Lim Tan},
  title     = {Discriminative Induction of Sub-Tree Alignment using Limited Labeled
               Data},
  pages     = {1047--1055},
  publisher = {International Conference on Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2010}
}
@inproceedings{liu2009weighted,
  author    = {Yang Liu and
               Tian Xia and
               Xinyan Xiao and
               Qun Liu},
  title     = {Weighted Alignment Matrices for Statistical Machine Translation},
  pages     = {1017--1026},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2009}
}
@inproceedings{sun2010exploring,
  author    = {Jun Sun and
               Min Zhang and
               Chew Lim Tan},
  title     = {Exploring Syntactic Structural Features for Sub-Tree Alignment Using
               Bilingual Tree Kernels},
  pages     = {306--315},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2010}
}
@article{ilprints729,
  title={Parsing and Hypergraphs},
  author={Klein, Dan  and  Manning, Christopher D.},
  journal={New Developments in Parsing Technology},
  volume={65},
  number={3},
  pages={123--134},
  year={2001},
}
@article{goodman1999semiring,
  author    = {Joshua Goodman},
  title     = {Semiring Parsing},
  journal   = {Computational Linguistics},
  volume    = {25},
  number    = {4},
  pages     = {573--605},
  year      = {1999}
}
@inproceedings{eisner2002parameter,
  author    = {Jason Eisner},
  title     = {Parameter Estimation for Probabilistic Finite-State Transducers},
  pages     = {1--8},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2002}
}
@inproceedings{zhu2011improving,
  author    = {Jingbo Zhu and
               Tong Xiao},
  title     = {Improving Decoding Generalization for Tree-to-String Translation},
  pages     = {418--423},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2011}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/acl/AlshawiBX97,
  author    = {Hiyan Alshawi and
               Adam L. Buchsbaum and
               Fei Xia},
  title     = {A Comparison of Head Transducers and Transfer for a Limited Domain
               Translation Application},
  pages     = {360--365},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  year      = {1997}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/acl-vlc/Wu95,
  author    = {Dekai Wu},
  title     = {Trainable Coarse Bilingual Grammars for Parallel Text Bracketing},
  publisher = {Third Workshop on Very Large Corpor},
  year      = {1995}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/acl/WuW98,
  author    = {Dekai Wu and
               Hongsing Wong},
  title     = {Machine Translation with a Stochastic Grammatical Channel},
  pages     = {1408--1415},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  year      = {1998}
}
@inproceedings{ja2006obtaining,
  author    = {J.A.Sánchez and J.M.Benedí.},
  title     = {Obtaining Word Phrases with Stochastic Inversion Transduction Grammars for Phrase-based Statistical Machine Translation},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2006}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/acl/ZhangQMG08,
  author    = {Hao Zhang and
               Chris Quirk and
               Robert C. Moore and
               Daniel Gildea},
  title     = {Bayesian Learning of Non-Compositional Phrases with Synchronous Parsing},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2008}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/coling/ZollmannVOP08,
  author    = {Andreas Zollmann and
               Ashish Venugopal and
               Franz Josef Och and
               Jay M. Ponte},
  title     = {A Systematic Comparison of Phrase-Based, Hierarchical and Syntax-Augmented
               Statistical {MT}},
  publisher = {International Conference on Computational Linguistics},
  pages     = {1145--1152},
  year      = {2008}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/acl/WatanabeTI06,
  author    = {Taro Watanabe and
               Hajime Tsukada and
               Hideki Isozaki},
  title     = {Left-to-Right Target Generation for Hierarchical Phrase-Based Translation},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguisticss},
  year      = {2006}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/naacl/GalleyHKM04,
  author    = {Michel Galley and
               Mark Hopkins and
               Kevin Knight and
               Daniel Marcu},
  title     = {What's in a translation rule?},
  pages     = {273--280},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2004}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/naacl/HuangK06,
  author    = {Bryant Huang and
               Kevin Knight},
  title     = {Relabeling Syntax Trees to Improve Syntax-Based Machine Translation
               Quality},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2006}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/emnlp/DeNeefeKWM07,
  author    = {Steve DeNeefe and
               Kevin Knight and
			   Wei Wang and
               Daniel Marcu},
  title     = {What Can Syntax-Based {MT} Learn from Phrase-Based MT?},
  pages     = {755--763},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2007}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/wmt/LiuG08,
  author    = {Ding Liu and
               Daniel Gildea},
  title     = {Improved Tree-to-String Transducer for Machine Translation},
  pages     = {62--69},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2008}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{Nesson06inductionof,
    author = {Rebecca Nesson and Stuart M. Shieber and Alexander Rush},
    title = {Induction of probabilistic synchronous tree-insertion grammars for machine translation},
    publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
    year = {2006}
}
@MISC{Zhang07atree-to-tree,
    author = {Min Zhang and Hongfei Jiang and Ai Ti Aw and Jun Sun and Sheng Li and Chew Lim Tan},
    title = {A Tree-to-Tree Alignment-based Model for Statistical Machine Translation},
    year = {2007},
	publisher = {Machine Translation Summit}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/emnlp/WangKM07,
  author    = {Wei Wang and
               Kevin Knight and
               Daniel Marcu},
  title     = {Binarizing Syntax Trees to Improve Syntax-Based Machine Translation
               Accuracy},
  pages     = {746--754},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2007}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/acl/MiHL08,
  author    = {Haitao Mi and
               Liang Huang and
               Qun Liu},
  title     = {Forest-Based Translation},
  pages     = {192--199},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2008}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/emnlp/MiH08,
  author    = {Haitao Mi and
               Liang Huang},
  title     = {Forest-based Translation Rule Extraction},
  pages     = {206--214},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2008}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/emnlp/ZhangZZ11,
  author    = {Jiajun Zhang and
               Feifei Zhai and
               Chengqing Zong},
  title     = {Augmenting String-to-Tree Translation Models with Fuzzy Use of Source-side
               Syntax},
  pages     = {204--215},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2011}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/wmt/ZollmannV06,
  author    = {Andreas Zollmann and
               Ashish Venugopal},
  title     = {Syntax Augmented Machine Translation via Chart Parsing},
  pages     = {138--141},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2006}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/acl/MartonR08,
  author    = {Yuval Marton and
               Philip Resnik},
  title     = {Soft Syntactic Constraints for Hierarchical Phrased-Based Translation},
  pages     = {1003--1011},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2008}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/wmt/PopelMGZ11,
  author    = {Martin Popel and
               David Marecek and
               Nathan Green and
               Zdenek Zabokrtsk{\'{y}}},
  title     = {Influence of Parser Choice on Dependency-Based {MT}},
  pages     = {433--439},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2011}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/coling/XiaoZZZ10,
  author    = {Tong Xiao and
               Jingbo Zhu and
               Hao Zhang and
               Muhua Zhu},
  title     = {An Empirical Study of Translation Rule Extraction with Multiple Parsers},
  pages     = {1345--1353},
  publisher = {Chinese Information Processing Society of China},
  year      = {2010}
}
@article{Zhai2012Treebased,
  title={Treebased translation without using parse trees},
  author    = {Feifei Zhai and
               Jiajun Zhang and
               Yu Zhou and
               Chengqing Zong},
  publisher = {International Conference on Computational Linguistics},
  year={2012},
}
@article{DBLP:journals/tacl/ZhaiZZZ13,
  author    = {Feifei Zhai and
               Jiajun Zhang and
               Yu Zhou and
               Chengqing Zong},
  title     = {Unsupervised Tree Induction for Tree-based Translation},
  journal   = {Transactions of Association for Computational Linguistic},
  volume    = {1},
  pages     = {243--254},
  year      = {2013}
}

@article{DBLP:journals/mt/QuirkM06,
  author    = {Christopher Quirk and
               Arul Menezes},
  title     = {Dependency treelet translation: the convergence of statistical and
               example-based machine-translation?},
  journal   = {Machine Translation},
  volume    = {20},
  number    = {1},
  pages     = {43--65},
  year      = {2006}
}

@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/wmt/XiongLL07,
  author    = {Deyi Xiong and
               Qun Liu and
               Shouxun Lin},
  title     = {A Dependency Treelet String Correspondence Model for Statistical Machine
               Translation},
  pages     = {40--47},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2007}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/coling/Lin04,
  author    = {Dekang Lin},
  title     = {A Path-based Transfer Model for Machine Translation},
  publisher = {International Conference on Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2004}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/acl/DingP05,
  author    = {Yuan Ding and
               Martha Palmer},
  title     = {Machine Translation Using Probabilistic Synchronous Dependency Insertion
               Grammars},
  pages     = {541--548},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2005}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/coling/ChenXMJL14,
  author    = {Hongshen Chen and
               Jun Xie and
               Fandong Meng and
               Wenbin Jiang and
               Qun Liu},
  title     = {A Dependency Edge-based Transfer Model for Statistical Machine Translation},
  pages     = {1103--1113},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2014}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/coling/SuLMZLL10,
  author    = {Jinsong Su and
               Yang Liu and
               Haitao Mi and
               Hongmei Zhao and
               Yajuan Lv and
               Qun Liu},
  title     = {Dependency-Based Bracketing Transduction Grammar for Statistical Machine
               Translation},
  pages     = {1185--1193},
  publisher = {Chinese Information Processing Society of China},
  year      = {2010}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/coling/XieXL14,
  author    = {Jun Xie and
               Jinan Xu and
               Qun Liu},
  title     = {Augment Dependency-to-String Translation with Fixed and Floating Structures},
  pages     = {2217--2226},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2014}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/emnlp/LiWL15,
  author    = {Liangyou Li and
               Andy Way and
               Qun Liu},
  title     = {Dependency Graph-to-String Translation},
  pages     = {33--43},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2015}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/acl/MiL10,
  author    = {Haitao Mi and
               Qun Liu},
  title     = {Constituency to Dependency Translation with Forests},
  pages     = {1433--1442},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2010}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/coling/TuLHLL10,
  author    = {Zhaopeng Tu and
               Yang Liu and
               Young-Sook Hwang and
               Qun Liu and
               Shouxun Lin},
  title     = {Dependency Forest for Statistical Machine Translation},
  pages     = {1092--1100},
  publisher = {International Conference on Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2010}
}
@inproceedings{bangalore2001computing,
  title ={Computing consensus translation from multiple machine translation systems},
  author ={Srinivas Bangalore, German Bordel and Giuseppe Riccardi},
  publisher = {IEEE Workshop on Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding},
  pages ={351--354},
  year ={2001}
}
@inproceedings{rosti2007combining,
  author    = {Antti-Veikko I. Rosti and
               Necip Fazil Ayan and
               Bing Xiang and
               Spyridon Matsoukas and
               Richard M. Schwartz and
               Bonnie J. Dorr},
  title     = {Combining Outputs from Multiple Machine Translation Systems},
  pages     = {228--235},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2007}
}
@article{xiao2013bagging,
  title ={Bagging and boosting statistical machine translation systems},
  author ={Tong Xiao and Jingbo Zhu and Tongran Liu },
  publisher ={Artificial Intelligence},
  volume ={195},
  pages ={496--527},
  year ={2013}
}
@inproceedings{Yang2009Lattice,
  author    = {Yang Feng and
               Yang Liu and
               Haitao Mi and
               Qun Liu and
               Yajuan L{\"{u}}},
  title     = {Lattice-based System Combination for Statistical Machine Translation},
  pages     = {1105--1113},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2009}
}
@inproceedings{He2008Indirect,
  author    = {Xiaodong He and
               Mei Yang and
               Jianfeng Gao and
               Patrick Nguyen and
               Robert C. Moore},
  title     = {Indirect-HMM-based Hypothesis Alignment for Combining Outputs from
               Machine Translation Systems},
  pages     = {98--107},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2008}
}
@inproceedings{Li2009Incremental,
  author    = {Chi-Ho Li and
               Xiaodong He and
               Yupeng Liu and
               Ning Xi},
  title     = {Incremental {HMM} Alignment for {MT} System Combination},
  pages     = {949--957},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2009}
}
@inproceedings{Yang2009Joint,
  author    = {Yang Liu and
               Haitao Mi and
               Yang Feng and
               Qun Liu},
  title     = {Joint Decoding with Multiple Translation Models},
  pages     = {576--584},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2009}
}
@inproceedings{Mu2009Collaborative,
  author    = {Mu Li and
               Nan Duan and
               Dongdong Zhang and
               Chi-Ho Li and
               Ming Zhou},
  title     = {Collaborative Decoding: Partial Hypothesis Re-ranking Using Translation
               Consensus between Decoders},
  pages     = {585--592},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2009}
}
@inproceedings{Tong2016Syntactic,
  author    = {Tong Xiao and
               Jingbo Zhu and
               Chunliang Zhang and
               Tongran Liu},
  title     = {Syntactic Skeleton-Based Translation},
  pages     = {2856--2862},
  publisher = {AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year      = {2016},
}
@inproceedings{charniak2001immediate,
  author    = {Eugene Charniak},
  title     = {Immediate-Head Parsing for Language Models},
  pages     = {116--123},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  year      = {2001}
}
@inproceedings{shen2008a,
  author    = {Libin Shen and
               Jinxi Xu and
               Ralph M. Weischedel},
  title     = {A New String-to-Dependency Machine Translation Algorithm with a Target
               Dependency Language Model},
  pages     = {577--585},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2008}
}
@article{xiao2011language,
  title ={Language Modeling for Syntax-Based Machine Translation Using Tree Substitution Grammars: A Case Study on Chinese-English Translation},
  author ={Xiao, Tong and Zhu, Jingbo and Zhu, Muhua},
  volume ={10},
  number ={4},
  pages ={1--29},
  year ={2011},
  publisher ={ACM Transactions on Asian Language Information Processing (TALIP)}
}
%%%%% chapter 8------------------------------------------------------
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%% chapter 9------------------------------------------------------
@article{brown1992class,
  title={Class-based n-gram models of natural language},
  author={Brown and
              Peter F and
              Desouza and
              Peter V and
              Mercer amd
              Robert L
              and Pietra and
              Vincent J Della
              and Lai and
              Jenifer C},
  journal={Computational linguistics},
  volume={18},
  number={4},
  pages={467--479},
  year={1992},
  publisher={MIT Press}
}

@inproceedings{mikolov2012context,
  title={Context dependent recurrent neural network language model},
  author={Mikolov and
            Tomas and
            Zweig and
            Geoffrey},
  booktitle={2012 IEEE Spoken Language Technology Workshop (SLT)},
  pages={234--239},
  year={2012},
  organization={IEEE}
}

@article{zaremba2014recurrent,
  title={Recurrent Neural Network Regularization},
  author={Zaremba and
             Wojciech and
             Sutskever and
             Ilya and
             Vinyals and
             Oriol},
  journal={arXiv: Neural and Evolutionary Computing},
  year={2014}
}

@article{zilly2016recurrent,
  title={Recurrent Highway Networks},
  author={Zilly and
            Julian and
            Srivastava and
            Rupesh Kumar and
            Koutnik and
            Jan and
            Schmidhuber and
            Jurgen},
  journal={arXiv: Learning},
  year={2016}
}

@article{merity2017regularizing,
  title={Regularizing and optimizing LSTM language models},
  author={Merity and
             tephen and
             Keskar and
             Nitish Shirish and
             Socher and
             Richard},
  journal={arXiv: Computation and Language},
  year={2017}
}

@article{radford2019language,
  title ={Language models are unsupervised multitask learners},
  author ={Radford, Alec and Wu, Jeffrey and Child, Rewon and Luan, David and Amodei, Dario and Sutskever, Ilya},
  journal ={OpenAI Blog},
  volume ={1},
  number ={8},
  pages ={9},
  year ={2019}
}

@article{baydin2017automatic,
  title ={Automatic differentiation in machine learning: a survey},
  author ={Baydin, At{\i}l{\i}m G{\"u}nes and Pearlmutter, Barak A and Radul, Alexey Andreyevich and Siskind, Jeffrey Mark},
  journal ={The Journal of Machine Learning Research},
  volume ={18},
  number ={1},
  pages ={5595--5637},
  year ={2017},
  publisher ={JMLR. org}
}

@article{qian1999momentum,
  author    = {Ning Qian},
  title     = {On the momentum term in gradient descent learning algorithms},
  journal   = {Neural Networks},
  volume    = {12},
  number    = {1},
  pages     = {145--151},
  year      = {1999},
}

@article{duchi2011adaptive,
  author    = {John C. Duchi and
               Elad Hazan and
               Yoram Singer},
  title     = {Adaptive Subgradient Methods for Online Learning and Stochastic Optimization},
  journal   = {Journal of Machine Learning Research},
  volume    = {12},
  pages     = {2121--2159},
  year      = {2011},
}

@article{tieleman2012rmsprop,
  title ={Lecture 6.5-rmsprop: Divide the gradient by a running average of its recent magnitude},
  author ={Tieleman, Tijmen and Hinton, Geoffrey},
  journal ={COURSERA: Neural networks for machine learning},
  volume ={4},
  number ={2},
  pages ={26--31},
  year ={2012}
}

@inproceedings{kingma2014adam,
  author    = {Diederik P. Kingma and
               Jimmy Ba},
  title     = {Adam: {A} Method for Stochastic Optimization},
  booktitle = {3rd International Conference on Learning Representations, {ICLR} 2015,
               San Diego, CA, USA, May 7-9, 2015, Conference Track Proceedings},
  year      = {2015},
}

@inproceedings{ioffe2015batch,
  author    = {Sergey Ioffe and
               Christian Szegedy},
  title     = {Batch Normalization: Accelerating Deep Network Training by Reducing
               Internal Covariate Shift},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 32nd International Conference on Machine Learning,
               {ICML} 2015, Lille, France, 6-11 July 2015},
  series    = {{JMLR} Workshop and Conference Proceedings},
  volume    = {37},
  pages     = {448--456},
  publisher = {JMLR.org},
  year      = {2015},
}

@article{Ba2016LayerN,
  author    = {Lei Jimmy Ba and
               Jamie Ryan Kiros and
               Geoffrey E. Hinton},
  title     = {Layer Normalization},
  journal   = {CoRR},
  volume    = {abs/1607.06450},
  year      = {2016},
}

@inproceedings{mikolov2013distributed,
  author    = {Tomas Mikolov and
               Ilya Sutskever and
               Kai Chen and
               Gregory S. Corrado and
               Jeffrey Dean},
  title     = {Distributed Representations of Words and Phrases and their Compositionality},
  booktitle = {Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 26: 27th Annual
               Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems 2013. Proceedings
               of a meeting held December 5-8, 2013, Lake Tahoe, Nevada, United States},
  pages     = {3111--3119},
  year      = {2013},
}

@inproceedings{arthur2016incorporating,
  author    = {Philip Arthur and
               Graham Neubig and
               Satoshi Nakamura},
  title     = {Incorporating Discrete Translation Lexicons into Neural Machine Translation},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2016 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural
               Language Processing, {EMNLP} 2016, Austin, Texas, USA, November 1-4,
               2016},
  pages     = {1557--1567},
  publisher = {The Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2016},
}

@inproceedings{stahlberg2016syntactically,
  author    = {Felix Stahlberg and
               Eva Hasler and
               Aurelien Waite and
               Bill Byrne},
  title     = {Syntactically Guided Neural Machine Translation},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 54th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational
               Linguistics, {ACL} 2016, August 7-12, 2016, Berlin, Germany, Volume
               2: Short Papers},
  publisher = {The Association for Computer Linguistics},
  year      = {2016},
}

@inproceedings{plank2013embedding,
  author    = {Barbara Plank and
               Alessandro Moschitti},
  title     = {Embedding Semantic Similarity in Tree Kernels for Domain Adaptation
               of Relation Extraction},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational
               Linguistics, {ACL} 2013, 4-9 August 2013, Sofia, Bulgaria, Volume
               1: Long Papers},
  pages     = {1498--1507},
  publisher = {The Association for Computer Linguistics},
  year      = {2013},
}

@inproceedings{perozzi2014deepwalk,
  author    = {Bryan Perozzi and
               Rami Al-Rfou and
               Steven Skiena},
  title     = {DeepWalk: online learning of social representations},
  booktitle = {The 20th {ACM} {SIGKDD} International Conference on Knowledge Discovery
               and Data Mining, {KDD} '14, New York, NY, {USA} - August 24 - 27,
               2014},
  pages     = {701--710},
  publisher = {{ACM}},
  year      = {2014},
}

@article{collobert2011natural,
  author    = {Ronan Collobert and
               Jason Weston and
			   L{\'{e}}on Bottou and
               Michael Karlen and
               Koray Kavukcuoglu and
               Pavel P. Kuksa},
  title     = {Natural Language Processing (Almost) from Scratch},
  journal   = {Journal of Machine Learning Research},
  volume    = {12},
  pages     = {2493--2537},
  year      = {2011},
}

@inproceedings{mccann2017learned,
  author    = {Bryan McCann and
               James Bradbury and
               Caiming Xiong and
               Richard Socher},
  title     = {Learned in Translation: Contextualized Word Vectors},
  booktitle = {Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 30: Annual Conference
               on Neural Information Processing Systems 2017, 4-9 December 2017,
               Long Beach, CA, {USA}},
  pages     = {6294--6305},
  year      = {2017},
}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%神经语言模型，待检查修改%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
@inproceedings{Peters2018DeepCW,
  title={Deep contextualized word representations},
  author={Matthew E. Peters and 
          Mark Neumann and 
		  Mohit Iyyer and 
		  Matt Gardner and 
		  Christopher Clark and 
		  Kenton Lee and 
		  L. Zettlemoyer},
  publisher={arXiv preprint arXiv:1802.05365},
  year={2018}
}


@article{Graves2013HybridSR,
  title={Hybrid speech recognition with Deep Bidirectional LSTM},
  author={A. Graves and 
          Navdeep Jaitly and 
		  Abdel-rahman Mohamed},
  publisher={IEEE Workshop on Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding},
  year={2013},
  pages={273-278}
}

@inproceedings{Verwimp2017CharacterWordLL,
  title={Character-Word LSTM Language Models},
  author={Lyan Verwimp and 
          Joris Pelemans and 
		  H. V. Hamme and 
		  Patrick Wambacq},
  publisher={European Association of Computational Linguistics},
  year={2017}
}

@inproceedings{Onoe2016GatedWR,
  title={Gated Word-Character Recurrent Language Model},
  author={Yasumasa Miyamoto and 
          Kyunghyun Cho},
  publisher={arXiv preprint arXiv:1606.01700},
  year={2016}
}

@inproceedings{Hwang2017CharacterlevelLM,
  title={Character-level language modeling with hierarchical recurrent neural networks},
  author={Kyuyeon Hwang and 
          Wonyong Sung},
  publisher={International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing},
  year={2017},
  pages={5720-5724}
}

@inproceedings{Kim2016CharacterAwareNL,
  title={Character-Aware Neural Language Models},
  author={Yoon Kim and 
          Yacine Jernite and 
		  David Sontag and 
		  Alexander M. Rush},
  publisher={AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year={2016}
}
@article{Ahn2016ANK,
  title={A Neural Knowledge Language Model},
  author={Sungjin Ahn and 
          Heeyoul Choi and 
		  Tanel P{\"a}rnamaa and 
		  Yoshua Bengio},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:1608.00318},
  year={2016}
}
@article{Wang2015LargerContextLM,
  title={Larger-Context Language Modelling},
  author={Tian Wang and 
          Kyunghyun Cho},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:1511.03729},
  year={2015}
}
@article{Adel2015SyntacticAS,
  title={Syntactic and Semantic Features For Code-Switching Factored Language Models},
  author={Heike Adel and 
          Ngoc Vu and 
		  Katrin Kirchhoff and 
		  Dominic Telaar and 
		  Tanja Schultz},
  journal={IEEE/ACM Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing},
  year={2015},
  volume={23},
  pages={431-440}
}
@inproceedings{Wu2012FactoredLM,
  title={Factored Language Model based on Recurrent Neural Network},
  author={Youzheng Wu and 
          Xugang Lu and 
		  Hitoshi Yamamoto and 
		  Shigeki Matsuda and 
		  Chiori Hori and 
		  Hideki Kashioka},
  publisher={International Conference on Computational Linguistics},
  year={2012}
}
@inproceedings{Pham2016ConvolutionalNN,
  title={Convolutional Neural Network Language Models},
  author={Ngoc-Quan Pham and 
          German Kruszewski and 
		  Gemma Boleda},
  publisher={Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing},
  year={2016}
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%深度阅读修改和补充，待检查修改%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
@article{moraffah2020causal,
  title={Causal Interpretability for Machine Learning-Problems, Methods and Evaluation},
  author={Raha Moraffah and 
          Mansooreh Karami and 
		  Ruocheng Guo and 
		  Adrienne Raglin and 
		  Huan Liu},
  journal={ACM SIGKDD Explorations Newsletter},
  volume={22},
  number={1},
  pages={18--33},
  year={2020},
  publisher={ACM New York, NY, USA}
}
@article{blodgett2020language,
  title={Language (Technology) is Power: A Critical Survey of" Bias" in NLP},
  author={Su Lin Blodgett and 
          Solon Barocas and 
		  Hal Daum{\'e} III and 
		  Hanna M. Wallach},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2005.14050},
  year={2020}
}
@incollection{nguyen2019understanding,
  title={Understanding neural networks via feature visualization: A survey},
  author={Anh Nguyen and 
          Jason Yosinski and 
		  Jeff Clune},
  pages={55--76},
  year={2019},
  publisher={Explainable AI}
}
@inproceedings{yang2017improving,
  title={Improving adversarial neural machine translation with prior knowledge},
  author={Yating Yang and 
          Xiao Li and 
		  Tonghai Jiang and 
		  Jinying Kong and 
		  Bo Ma and 
		  Xi Zhou and 
		  Lei Wang },
  publisher={IEEE Global Conference on Signal and Information Processing},
  pages={1373--1377},
  year={2017}
}
@inproceedings{currey2019incorporating,
  title={Incorporating source syntax into transformer-based neural machine translation},
  author={Anna Currey and 
          Kenneth Heafield},
  publisher={Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Machine Translation},
  pages={24--33},
  year={2019}
}
@article{currey2018multi,
  title={Multi-source syntactic neural machine translation},
  author={Anna Currey and 
          Kenneth Heafield},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:1808.10267},
  year={2018}
}
@inproceedings{marevcek2018extracting,
  title={Extracting syntactic trees from transformer encoder self-attentions},
  author={David Mare{\v{c}}ek 
          and Rudolf Rosa},
  publisher={Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing},
  pages={347--349},
  year={2018}
}
@article{blevins2018deep,
  title={Deep rnns encode soft hierarchical syntax},
  author={Blevins, Terra and Levy, Omer and Zettlemoyer, Luke},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:1805.04218},
  year={2018}
}
@inproceedings{Yin2018StructVAETL,
  title={StructVAE: Tree-structured Latent Variable Models for Semi-supervised Semantic Parsing},
  author={Pengcheng Yin and 
          Chunting Zhou and 
		  Junxian He and 
		  Graham Neubig},
  publisher={Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year={2018}
}
@article{Aharoni2017TowardsSN,
  title={Towards String-To-Tree Neural Machine Translation},
  author={Roee Aharoni and 
          Yoav Goldberg},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:1704.04743},
  year={2017}
}


%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%% chapter 9------------------------------------------------------
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%% chapter 10------------------------------------------------------
@inproceedings{devlin-etal-2014-fast,
  author    = {Jacob Devlin and
               Rabih Zbib and
               Zhongqiang Huang and
               Thomas Lamar and
               Richard M. Schwartz and
               John Makhoul},
  title     = {Fast and Robust Neural Network Joint Models for Statistical Machine
               Translation},
  pages     = {1370--1380},
  publisher = {The Association for Computer Linguistics},
  year      = {2014},
}
@inproceedings{Schwenk_continuousspace,
  author    = {Holger Schwenk},
  title     = {Continuous Space Translation Models for Phrase-Based Statistical Machine
               Translation},
  pages     = {1071--1080},
  publisher = {Indian Institute of Technology Bombay},
  year      = {2012},
}
@inproceedings{kalchbrenner-blunsom-2013-recurrent,
  author    = {Nal Kalchbrenner and
               Phil Blunsom},
  title     = {Recurrent Continuous Translation Models},
  pages     = {1700--1709},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2013},
}
@article{HochreiterThe,
  author    = {Sepp Hochreiter},
  title     = {The Vanishing Gradient Problem During Learning Recurrent Neural Nets
               and Problem Solutions},
  journal   = {International Journal of Uncertainty, Fuzziness and Knowledge-Based
               Systems},
  volume    = {6},
  number    = {2},
  pages     = {107--116},
  year      = {1998},
}
@article{BENGIO1994Learning,
author ={Y. {Bengio} and P. {Simard} and P. {Frasconi}},
journal ={IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks},
title ={Learning long-term dependencies with gradient descent is difficult},
year ={1994},
volume ={5},
number ={2},
pages ={157-166},
}
@inproceedings{NIPS2017_7181,
  author    = {Ashish Vaswani and
               Noam Shazeer and
               Niki Parmar and
               Jakob Uszkoreit and
               Llion Jones and
               Aidan N. Gomez and
               Lukasz Kaiser and
               Illia Polosukhin},
  title     = {Attention is All you Need},
  publisher = {Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 30: Annual Conference
               on Neural Information Processing Systems},
  pages     = {5998--6008},
  year      = {2017},
}
@article{StahlbergNeural,
  author    = {Felix Stahlberg},
  title     = {Neural Machine Translation: {A} Review},
  journal   = {CoRR},
  volume    = {abs/1912.02047},
  year      = {2019},
}
@inproceedings{Bentivogli2016NeuralVP,
  author    = {Luisa Bentivogli and
               Arianna Bisazza and
               Mauro Cettolo and
               Marcello Federico},
  title     = {Neural versus Phrase-Based Machine Translation Quality: a Case Study},
  pages     = {257--267},
  publisher = {The Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2016},
}
@article{Hassan2018AchievingHP,
  author    = {Hany Hassan and
               Anthony Aue and
               Chang Chen and
               Vishal Chowdhary and
               Jonathan Clark and
               Christian Federmann and
               Xuedong Huang and
               Marcin Junczys-Dowmunt and
               William Lewis and
               Mu Li and
               Shujie Liu and
               Tie-Yan Liu and
               Renqian Luo and
               Arul Menezes and
               Tao Qin and
               Frank Seide and
               Xu Tan and
               Fei Tian and
               Lijun Wu and
               Shuangzhi Wu and
               Yingce Xia and
               Dongdong Zhang and
               Zhirui Zhang and
               Ming Zhou},
  title     = {Achieving Human Parity on Automatic Chinese to English News Translation},
  journal   = {CoRR},
  volume    = {abs/1803.05567},
  year      = {2018},
}
@inproceedings{WangLearning,
  author    = {Qiang Wang and
               Bei Li and
               Tong Xiao and
               Jingbo Zhu and
               Changliang Li and
               Derek F. Wong and
               Lidia S. Chao},
  title     = {Learning Deep Transformer Models for Machine Translation},
  pages     = {1810--1822},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2019},
}
@article{Li2020NeuralMT,
  author    = {Yanyang Li and
               Qiang Wang and
               Tong Xiao and
               Tongran Liu and
               Jingbo Zhu},
  title     = {Neural Machine Translation with Joint Representation},
  journal   = {CoRR},
  volume    = {abs/2002.06546},
  year      = {2020},
}
@article{HochreiterLong,
  author = {Hochreiter, Sepp and Schmidhuber, Jürgen},
  year = {1997},
  month = {12},
  pages = {1735-80},
  title = {Long Short-term Memory},
  volume = {9},
  journal = {Neural computation},
}
@inproceedings{Cho2014Learning,
  author    = {Kyunghyun Cho and
               Bart van Merrienboer and
               {\c{C}}aglar G{\"{u}}l{\c{c}}ehre and
               Dzmitry Bahdanau and
               Fethi Bougares and
               Holger Schwenk and
               Yoshua Bengio},
  title     = {Learning Phrase Representations using {RNN} Encoder-Decoder for Statistical
               Machine Translation},
  publisher = {Proceedings of the 2014 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural
               Language Processing, {EMNLP} 2014, October 25-29, 2014, Doha, Qatar,
               {A} meeting of SIGDAT, a Special Interest Group of the {ACL}},
  pages     = {1724--1734},
  //publisher = {{ACL}},
  year      = {2014},
}
@inproceedings{pmlr-v9-glorot10a,
  author    = {Xavier Glorot and
               Yoshua Bengio},
  title     = {Understanding the difficulty of training deep feedforward neural networks},
  publisher = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Conference on Artificial
               Intelligence and Statistics, {AISTATS} 2010, Chia Laguna Resort, Sardinia,
               Italy, May 13-15, 2010},
  volume    = {9},
  pages     = {249--256},
  //publisher = {JMLR.org},
  year      = {2010},
}
@inproceedings{xiao2017fast,
  author    = {Tong Xiao and
               Jingbo Zhu and
               Tongran Liu and
               Chunliang Zhang},
  title     = {Fast Parallel Training of Neural Language Models},
  publisher = {Proceedings of the Twenty-Sixth International Joint Conference on
               Artificial Intelligence, {IJCAI} 2017, Melbourne, Australia, August
               19-25, 2017},
  pages     = {4193--4199},
  //publisher = {ijcai.org},
  year      = {2017},
}
@inproceedings{Gu2017NonAutoregressiveNM,
  author    = {Jiatao Gu and
               James Bradbury and
               Caiming Xiong and
               Victor O. K. Li and
               Richard Socher},
  title     = {Non-Autoregressive Neural Machine Translation},
  publisher = {International Conference on Learning Representations},
  year      = {2018},
}
@inproceedings{li-etal-2018-simple,
  author    = {Yanyang Li and
               Tong Xiao and
               Yinqiao Li and
               Qiang Wang and
               Changming Xu and
               Jingbo Zhu},
  title     = {A Simple and Effective Approach to Coverage-Aware Neural Machine Translation},
  publisher = {Proceedings of the 56th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational
               Linguistics, {ACL} 2018, Melbourne, Australia, July 15-20, 2018, Volume
               2: Short Papers},
  pages     = {292--297},
  //publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2018},
}
@inproceedings{TuModeling,
  author    = {Zhaopeng Tu and
               Zhengdong Lu and
               Yang Liu and
               Xiaohua Liu and
               Hang Li},
  title     = {Modeling Coverage for Neural Machine Translation},
  publisher = {Proceedings of the 54th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational
               Linguistics, {ACL} 2016, August 7-12, 2016, Berlin, Germany, Volume
               1: Long Papers},
  //publisher = {The Association for Computer Linguistics},
  year      = {2016},
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:journals/corr/SennrichFCBHHJL17,
  author    = {Rico Sennrich and
               Orhan Firat and
               Kyunghyun Cho and
               Barry Haddow and
			   Alexandra Birch and
               Julian Hitschler and
               Marcin Junczys-Dowmunt and
               Samuel L{\"{a}}ubli and
               Antonio Valerio Miceli Barone and
               Jozef Mokry and
               Maria Nadejde},
  title     = {Nematus: a Toolkit for Neural Machine Translation},
  publisher = {Proceedings of the 15th Conference of the European Chapter of the
               Association for Computational Linguistics, {EACL} 2017, Valencia,
               Spain, April 3-7, 2017, Software Demonstrations},
  pages     = {65--68},
  //publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2017},
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:journals/corr/abs-1905-13324,
  author    = {Biao Zhang and
               Rico Sennrich},
  title     = {A Lightweight Recurrent Network for Sequence Modeling},
  publisher = {Proceedings of the 57th Conference of the Association for Computational
               Linguistics, {ACL} 2019, Florence, Italy, July 28- August 2, 2019,
               Volume 1: Long Papers},
  pages     = {1538--1548},
  //publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2019},
}
@article{Lei2017TrainingRA,
  author    = {Tao Lei and
               Yu Zhang and
               Yoav Artzi},
  title     = {Training RNNs as Fast as CNNs},
  journal   = {CoRR},
  volume    = {abs/1709.02755},
  year      = {2017},
}
@inproceedings{Zhang2018SimplifyingNM,
  author    = {Biao Zhang and
               Deyi Xiong and
               Jinsong Su and
               Qian Lin and
               Huiji Zhang},
  title     = {Simplifying Neural Machine Translation with Addition-Subtraction Twin-Gated
               Recurrent Networks},
  publisher = {Proceedings of the 2018 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural
               Language Processing, Brussels, Belgium, October 31 - November 4, 2018},
  pages     = {4273--4283},
  //publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2018},
}
@inproceedings{Liu_2019_CVPR,
  author    = {Shikun Liu and
               Edward Johns and
               Andrew J. Davison},
  title     = {End-To-End Multi-Task Learning With Attention},
  publisher = {{IEEE} Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, {CVPR}
               2019, Long Beach, CA, USA, June 16-20, 2019},
  pages     = {1871--1880},
  //publisher = {Computer Vision Foundation / {IEEE}},
  year      = {2019},
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:journals/corr/abs-1811-00498,
  author    = {Ra{\'{u}}l V{\'{a}}zquez and
               Alessandro Raganato and
               J{\"{o}}rg Tiedemann and
               Mathias Creutz},
  title     = {Multilingual {NMT} with a Language-Independent Attention Bridge},
  publisher = {Proceedings of the 4th Workshop on Representation Learning for NLP,
               RepL4NLP@ACL 2019, Florence, Italy, August 2, 2019},
  pages     = {33--39},
  //publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2019},
}
@inproceedings{MoradiInterrogating,
  author    = {Pooya Moradi and
               Nishant Kambhatla and
               Anoop Sarkar},
  title     = {Interrogating the Explanatory Power of Attention in Neural Machine
               Translation},
  publisher = {Proceedings of the 3rd Workshop on Neural Generation and Translation@EMNLP-IJCNLP
               2019, Hong Kong, November 4, 2019},
  pages     = {221--230},
  //publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2019},
}
@inproceedings{WangNeural,
  author    = {Xing Wang and
               Zhengdong Lu and
               Zhaopeng Tu and
               Hang Li and
               Deyi Xiong and
               Min Zhang},
  title     = {Neural Machine Translation Advised by Statistical Machine Translation},
  publisher = {Proceedings of the Thirty-First {AAAI} Conference on Artificial Intelligence,
               February 4-9, 2017, San Francisco, California, {USA}},
  pages     = {3330--3336},
  //publisher = {{AAAI} Press},
  year      = {2017},
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:journals/corr/abs-1905-09418,
  author    = {Elena Voita and
               David Talbot and
               Fedor Moiseev and
               Rico Sennrich and
               Ivan Titov},
  title     = {Analyzing Multi-Head Self-Attention: Specialized Heads Do the Heavy
               Lifting, the Rest Can Be Pruned},
  publisher = {Proceedings of the 57th Conference of the Association for Computational
               Linguistics, {ACL} 2019, Florence, Italy, July 28- August 2, 2019,
               Volume 1: Long Papers},
  pages     = {5797--5808},
  //publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2019},
}
@inproceedings{Xiao2019SharingAW,
  author    = {Tong Xiao and
               Yinqiao Li and
               Jingbo Zhu and
               Zhengtao Yu and
               Tongran Liu},
  title     = {Sharing Attention Weights for Fast Transformer},
  publisher = {Proceedings of the Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on
               Artificial Intelligence, {IJCAI} 2019, Macao, China, August 10-16,
               2019},
  pages     = {5292--5298},
  //publisher = {ijcai.org},
  year      = {2019},
}
@inproceedings{Yang2017TowardsBH,
  author    = {Baosong Yang and
               Derek F. Wong and
               Tong Xiao and
               Lidia S. Chao and
               Jingbo Zhu},
  title     = {Towards Bidirectional Hierarchical Representations for Attention-based
               Neural Machine Translation},
  publisher = {Proceedings of the 2017 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural
               Language Processing, {EMNLP} 2017, Copenhagen, Denmark, September
               9-11, 2017},
  pages     = {1432--1441},
  //publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2017},
}
@inproceedings{Wang2019TreeTI,
  author    = {Yau-Shian Wang and
               Hung-yi Lee and
               Yun-Nung Chen},
  title     = {Tree Transformer: Integrating Tree Structures into Self-Attention},
  publisher = {Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural
               Language Processing and the 9th International Joint Conference on
               Natural Language Processing, {EMNLP-IJCNLP} 2019, Hong Kong, China,
               November 3-7, 2019},
  //publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  pages     = {1061--1070},
  year      = {2019},
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:journals/corr/abs-1809-01854,
  author    = {Jetic Gu and
               Hassan S. Shavarani and
               Anoop Sarkar},
  title     = {Top-down Tree Structured Decoding with Syntactic Connections for Neural Machine Translation and Parsing},
  publisher = {Proceedings of the 2018 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural
               Language Processing, Brussels, Belgium, October 31 - November 4, 2018},
  pages     = {401--413},
  //publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2018},
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:journals/corr/abs-1808-09374,
  author    = {Xinyi Wang and
               Hieu Pham and
               Pengcheng Yin and
               Graham Neubig},
  title     = {A Tree-based Decoder for Neural Machine Translation},
  publisher = {Proceedings of the 2018 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural
               Language Processing, Brussels, Belgium, October 31 - November 4, 2018},
  pages     = {4772--4777},
  //publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2018},
}
@article{DBLP:journals/corr/ZhangZ16c,
  author    = {Jiajun Zhang and
               Chengqing Zong},
  title     = {Bridging Neural Machine Translation and Bilingual Dictionaries},
  journal   = {CoRR},
  volume    = {abs/1610.07272},
  year      = {2016},
}
@article{Dai2019TransformerXLAL,
  author    = {Zihang Dai and
               Zhilin Yang and
               Yiming Yang and
               Jaime G. Carbonell and
               Quoc V. Le and
               Ruslan Salakhutdinov},
  title     = {Transformer-XL: Attentive Language Models Beyond a Fixed-Length Context},
  journal   = {CoRR},
  volume    = {abs/1901.02860},
  year      = {2019},
}
@inproceedings{li-etal-2019-word,
  author    = {Xintong Li and
               Guanlin Li and
               Lemao Liu and
               Max Meng and
               Shuming Shi},
  title     = {On the Word Alignment from Neural Machine Translation},
  publisher = {Proceedings of the 57th Conference of the Association for Computational
               Linguistics, {ACL} 2019, Florence, Italy, July 28- August 2, 2019,
               Volume 1: Long Papers},
  pages     = {1293--1303},
  //publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2019},
}

@inproceedings{Werlen2018DocumentLevelNM,
  author    = {Lesly Miculicich Werlen and
               Dhananjay Ram and
               Nikolaos Pappas and
               James Henderson},
  title     = {Document-Level Neural Machine Translation with Hierarchical Attention
               Networks},
  publisher = {Proceedings of the 2018 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural
               Language Processing, Brussels, Belgium, October 31 - November 4, 2018},
  pages     = {2947--2954},
  //publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2018},
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:journals/corr/abs-1805-10163,
  author    = {Elena Voita and
               Pavel Serdyukov and
               Rico Sennrich and
               Ivan Titov},
  title     = {Context-Aware Neural Machine Translation Learns Anaphora Resolution},
  publisher = {Proceedings of the 56th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational
               Linguistics, {ACL} 2018, Melbourne, Australia, July 15-20, 2018, Volume
               1: Long Papers},
  pages     = {1264--1274},
  //publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2018},
}
@article{DBLP:journals/corr/abs-1906-00532,
  author    = {Aishwarya Bhandare and
               Vamsi Sripathi and
               Deepthi Karkada and
               Vivek Menon and
               Sun Choi and
               Kushal Datta and
               Vikram Saletore},
  title     = {Efficient 8-Bit Quantization of Transformer Neural Machine Language
               Translation Model},
  journal   = {CoRR},
  volume    = {abs/1906.00532},
  year      = {2019},
}

@inproceedings{Zhang2018SpeedingUN,
  author    = {Wen Zhang and
               Liang Huang and
               Yang Feng and
               Lei Shen and
               Qun Liu},
  title     = {Speeding Up Neural Machine Translation Decoding by Cube Pruning},
  publisher = {Proceedings of the 2018 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural
               Language Processing, Brussels, Belgium, October 31 - November 4, 2018},
  pages     = {4284--4294},
  //publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2018},
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:journals/corr/SeeLM16,
  author    = {Abigail See and
               Minh-Thang Luong and
               Christopher D. Manning},
  title     = {Compression of Neural Machine Translation Models via Pruning},
  publisher = {Proceedings of the 20th {SIGNLL} Conference on Computational Natural
               Language Learning, CoNLL 2016, Berlin, Germany, August 11-12, 2016},
  pages     = {291--301},
  //publisher = {{ACL}},
  year      = {2016},
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:journals/corr/ChenLCL17,
  author    = {Yun Chen and
               Yang Liu and
               Yong Cheng and
               Victor O. K. Li},
  title     = {A Teacher-Student Framework for Zero-Resource Neural Machine Translation},
  publisher = {Proceedings of the 55th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational
               Linguistics, {ACL} 2017, Vancouver, Canada, July 30 - August 4, Volume
               1: Long Papers},
  pages     = {1925--1935},
  //publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2017},
}
@article{Hinton2015Distilling,
  author    = {Geoffrey E. Hinton and
               Oriol Vinyals and
               Jeffrey Dean},
  title     = {Distilling the Knowledge in a Neural Network},
  journal   = {CoRR},
  volume    = {abs/1503.02531},
  year      = {2015},
}

@inproceedings{Ott2018ScalingNM,
  title={Scaling Neural Machine Translation},
  author={Myle Ott and Sergey Edunov and David Grangier and M. Auli},
  publisher={Workshop on Machine Translation},
  year={2018}
}
@inproceedings{Lin2020TowardsF8,
  title={Towards Fully 8-bit Integer Inference for the Transformer Model},
  author={Y. Lin and Yanyang Li and Tengbo Liu and Tong Xiao and T. Liu and Jingbo Zhu},
  publisher={International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year={2020}
}
@inproceedings{kim-rush-2016-sequence,
    title = "Sequence-Level Knowledge Distillation",
    author = "Kim, Yoon  and
      Rush, Alexander M.",
    publisher = "Proceedings of the 2016 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2016",
    //address = "Austin, Texas",
    //publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    pages = "1317--1327",
}
@article{Akaike1969autoregressive,
  author    = {Hirotugu Akaike},
  title     = {Fitting autoregressive models for prediction},
  journal   = {Annals of the institute of Statistical Mathematics},
  volume    = {21(1)},
  year      = {2015},
  pages     = {243--247},
}
@inproceedings{Chen2018TheBO,
  author    = {Mia Xu Chen and
               Orhan Firat and
               Ankur Bapna and
               Melvin Johnson and
               Wolfgang Macherey and
               George F. Foster and
               Llion Jones and
               Mike Schuster and
               Noam Shazeer and
               Niki Parmar and
               Ashish Vaswani and
               Jakob Uszkoreit and
               Lukasz Kaiser and
               Zhifeng Chen and
               Yonghui Wu and
               Macduff Hughes},
  title     = {The Best of Both Worlds: Combining Recent Advances in Neural Machine
               Translation},
  pages     = {76--86},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2018}
}
@inproceedings{He2018LayerWiseCB,
  title={Layer-Wise Coordination between Encoder and Decoder for Neural Machine Translation},
  author={Tianyu He and X. Tan and Yingce Xia and D. He and T. Qin and Zhibo Chen and T. Liu},
  publisher={Conference and Workshop on Neural Information Processing Systems},
  year={2018}
}
@inproceedings{cho-etal-2014-properties,
    title = "On the Properties of Neural Machine Translation: Encoder--Decoder Approaches",
    author = {Cho, Kyunghyun  and
      van Merri{\"e}nboer, Bart  and
      Bahdanau, Dzmitry  and
      Bengio, Yoshua},
    month = oct,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Doha, Qatar",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    pages = "103--111",
}

@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/acl/JeanCMB15,
  author    = {S{\'{e}}bastien Jean and
               KyungHyun Cho and
               Roland Memisevic and
               Yoshua Bengio},
  title     = {On Using Very Large Target Vocabulary for Neural Machine Translation},
  pages     = {1--10},
  publisher = {The Association for Computer Linguistics},
  year      = {2015}
}

@inproceedings{DBLP:journals/corr/LuongPM15,
  author    = {Thang Luong and
               Hieu Pham and
               Christopher D. Manning},
  title     = {Effective Approaches to Attention-based Neural Machine Translation},
  publisher = {Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural
               Language Processing},
  pages     = {1412--1421},
  year      = {2015}
}
@inproceedings{He2016ImprovedNM,
  title={Improved Neural Machine Translation with SMT Features},
  author={W. He and Zhongjun He and Hua Wu and H. Wang},
  booktitle={AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year={2016}
}
@inproceedings{zhang-etal-2017-prior,
    title = {Prior Knowledge Integration for Neural Machine Translation using Posterior Regularization},
    author = {Zhang, Jiacheng  and
      Liu, Yang  and
      Luan, Huanbo  and
      Xu, Jingfang  and
      Sun, Maosong},
    year = {2017},
    publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
    pages = {1514--1523},
}

@inproceedings{duan-etal-2020-bilingual,
    title = "Bilingual Dictionary Based Neural Machine Translation without Using Parallel Sentences",
    author = "Duan, Xiangyu  and
      Ji, Baijun  and
      Jia, Hao  and
      Tan, Min  and
      Zhang, Min  and
      Chen, Boxing  and
      Luo, Weihua  and
      Zhang, Yue",
    month = jul,
    year = "2020",
    address = "Online",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    pages = "1570--1579",
}

@inproceedings{cao-xiong-2018-encoding,
    title = "Encoding Gated Translation Memory into Neural Machine Translation",
    author = "Cao, Qian  and
      Xiong, Deyi",
    month = oct,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Brussels, Belgium",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    pages = "3042--3047",
}
@inproceedings{yang-etal-2016-hierarchical,
    title = "Hierarchical Attention Networks for Document Classification",
    author = "Yang, Zichao  and
      Yang, Diyi  and
      Dyer, Chris  and
      He, Xiaodong  and
      Smola, Alex  and
      Hovy, Eduard",
    month = jun,
    year = "2016",
    address = "San Diego, California",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    pages = "1480--1489",
}
%%%%% chapter 10------------------------------------------------------
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%% chapter 11------------------------------------------------------

%%%%% chapter 11------------------------------------------------------
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%% chapter 12------------------------------------------------------
@inproceedings{DBLP:journals/corr/LinFSYXZB17,
  author    = {Zhouhan Lin and
               Minwei Feng and
               C{\'{\i}}cero Nogueira dos Santos and
               Mo Yu and
               Bing Xiang and
               Bowen Zhou and
               Yoshua Bengio},
  title     = {A Structured Self-Attentive Sentence Embedding},
  publisher = {5th International Conference on Learning Representations},
  year      = {2017},
}
@inproceedings{Shaw2018SelfAttentionWR,
  author    = {Peter Shaw and
               Jakob Uszkoreit and
               Ashish Vaswani},
  title     = {Self-Attention with Relative Position Representations},
  publisher = {Proceedings of the 2018 Conference of the North American Chapter of
               the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies},
  pages     = {464--468},
  year      = {2018},
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:journals/corr/HeZRS15,
  author    = {Kaiming He and
               Xiangyu Zhang and
               Shaoqing Ren and
               Jian Sun},
  title     = {Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognition},
  publisher = {{IEEE} Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition},
  pages     = {770--778},
  year      = {2016},
}
@article{JMLR:v15:srivastava14a,
  author  = {Nitish Srivastava and Geoffrey Hinton and Alex Krizhevsky and Ilya Sutskever and Ruslan Salakhutdinov},
  title   = {Dropout: A Simple Way to Prevent Neural Networks from Overfitting},
  journal = {Journal of Machine Learning Research},
  year    = {2014},
  volume  = {15},
  pages   = {1929-1958},
}
@inproceedings{Szegedy_2016_CVPR,
  author    = {Christian Szegedy and
               Vincent Vanhoucke and
               Sergey Ioffe and
               Jonathon Shlens and
               Zbigniew Wojna},
  title     = {Rethinking the Inception Architecture for Computer Vision},
  publisher = {{IEEE} Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition},
  pages     = {2818--2826},
  year      = {2016},
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:journals/corr/abs-1805-00631,
  author    = {Biao Zhang and
               Deyi Xiong and
               Jinsong Su},
  title     = {Accelerating Neural Transformer via an Average Attention Network},
  publisher = {Proceedings of the 56th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational
               Linguistics},
  pages     = {1789--1798},
  year      = {2018},
}
@article{DBLP:journals/corr/CourbariauxB16,
  author    = {Matthieu Courbariaux and
               Yoshua Bengio},
  title     = {BinaryNet: Training Deep Neural Networks with Weights and Activations
               Constrained to +1 or -1},
  journal   = {CoRR},
  volume    = {abs/1602.02830},
  year      = {2016},
}
@inproceedings{Wu2019PayLA,
 author = {Felix Wu and
		 Angela Fan and
		 Alexei Baevski and
		 Yann N. Dauphin and
		 Michael Auli},
 title = {Pay Less Attention with Lightweight and Dynamic Convolutions},
 publisher = {7th International Conference on Learning Representations},
 year = {2019},
}

@inproceedings{dai-etal-2019-transformer,
 title = "Transformer-{XL}: Attentive Language Models beyond a Fixed-Length Context",
 author = "Dai, Zihang and
		 Yang, Zhilin and
		 Yang, Yiming and
		 Carbonell, Jaime and
		 Le, Quoc and
		 Salakhutdinov, Ruslan",
 month = jul,
 year = "2019",
 address = "Florence, Italy",
 publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
 pages = "2978--2988",
}
@article{Liu2020LearningTE,
	title={Learning to Encode Position for Transformer with Continuous Dynamical Model},
	author={Xuanqing Liu and Hsiang-Fu Yu and I. Dhillon and Cho-Jui Hsieh},
	journal={ArXiv},
	year={2020},
	volume={abs/2003.09229}
}
@inproceedings{Jawahar2019WhatDB,
	title={What Does BERT Learn about the Structure of Language?},
	author={Ganesh Jawahar and B. Sagot and Djam{\'e} Seddah},
	publisher={Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
	year={2019}
}
@inproceedings{Yang2018ModelingLF,
	title={Modeling Localness for Self-Attention Networks},
	author={Baosong Yang and Zhaopeng Tu and Derek F. Wong and Fandong Meng and Lidia S. Chao and T. Zhang},
	publisher={Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing},
	year={2018}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:journals/corr/abs-1904-03107,
	author = {Baosong Yang and
			Longyue Wang and
			Derek F. Wong and
			Lidia S. Chao and
			Zhaopeng Tu},
	title = {Convolutional Self-Attention Networks},
	pages = {4040--4045},
	publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
	year = {2019},
}
@article{Wang2018MultilayerRF,
  title={Multi-layer Representation Fusion for Neural Machine Translation},
  author={Qiang Wang and Fuxue Li and Tong Xiao and Yanyang Li and Yinqiao Li and Jingbo Zhu},
  journal={ArXiv},
  year={2018},
  volume={abs/2002.06714}
}
@inproceedings{Bapna2018TrainingDN,
  title={Training Deeper Neural Machine Translation Models with Transparent Attention},
  author={Ankur Bapna and M. Chen and Orhan Firat and Yuan Cao and Y. Wu},
  publisher={Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing},
  year={2018}
}
@inproceedings{Dou2018ExploitingDR,
  title={Exploiting Deep Representations for Neural Machine Translation},
  author={Zi-Yi Dou and Zhaopeng Tu and Xing Wang and Shuming Shi and T. Zhang},
  publisher={Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing},
  year={2018}
}
@inproceedings{Wang2019ExploitingSC,
  title={Exploiting Sentential Context for Neural Machine Translation},
  author={Xing Wang and Zhaopeng Tu and Longyue Wang and Shuming Shi},
  publisher={Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year={2019}
}

@inproceedings{Dou2019DynamicLA,
  title={Dynamic Layer Aggregation for Neural Machine Translation},
  author={Zi-Yi Dou and Zhaopeng Tu and Xing Wang and Longyue Wang and Shuming Shi and T. Zhang},
  publisher={AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year={2019}
}
@inproceedings{Wei2020MultiscaleCD,
  title={Multiscale Collaborative Deep Models for Neural Machine Translation},
  author={Xiangpeng Wei and Heng Yu and Yue Hu and Yue Zhang and Rongxiang Weng and Weihua Luo},
  booktitle={Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year={2020}
}

@inproceedings{Vaswani2018Tensor2TensorFN,
  title={Tensor2Tensor for Neural Machine Translation},
  author={Ashish Vaswani and S. Bengio and E. Brevdo and F. Chollet and Aidan N. Gomez and S. Gouws and Llion Jones and L. Kaiser and Nal Kalchbrenner and Niki Parmar and Ryan Sepassi and Noam Shazeer and Jakob Uszkoreit},
  booktitle={American Mobile Telecommunications Association },
  year={2018}
}

@article{Kitaev2020ReformerTE,
  title={Reformer: The Efficient Transformer},
  author={Nikita Kitaev and L. Kaiser and Anselm Levskaya},
  journal={ArXiv},
  year={2020},
  volume={abs/2001.04451}
}

@article{Lin2020WeightDT,
  title={Weight Distillation: Transferring the Knowledge in Neural Network Parameters},
  author={Ye Lin and Yanyang Li and Ziyang Wang and Bei Li and Quan Du and Tong Xiao and Jingbo Zhu},
  journal={ArXiv},
  year={2020},
  volume={abs/2009.09152}
}

@article{li2020shallow,
  title={Shallow-to-Deep Training for Neural Machine Translation},
  author={Li, Bei and Wang, Ziyang and Liu, Hui and Jiang, Yufan and Du, Quan and Xiao, Tong and Wang, Huizhen and Zhu, Jingbo},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2010.03737},
  year={2020}
}
%%%%% chapter 12------------------------------------------------------
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%% chapter 13------------------------------------------------------

%%%%% chapter 13------------------------------------------------------
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%% chapter 14------------------------------------------------------

%%%%% chapter 14------------------------------------------------------
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%% chapter 15------------------------------------------------------

@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/cvpr/YuYR18,
  author    = {Xin Yu and
               Zhiding Yu and
               Srikumar Ramalingam},
  title     = {Learning Strict Identity Mappings in Deep Residual Networks},
  pages     = {4432--4440},
  publisher = {{IEEE} Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition},
  year      = {2018}
}

@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/emnlp/ZhangTS19,
  author    = {Biao Zhang and
               Ivan Titov and
               Rico Sennrich},
  title     = {Improving Deep Transformer with Depth-Scaled Initialization and Merged
               Attention},
  pages     = {898--909},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2019}
}

@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/eccv/HeZRS16,
  author    = {Kaiming He and
               Xiangyu Zhang and
               Shaoqing Ren and
               Jian Sun},
  title     = {Identity Mappings in Deep Residual Networks},
  volume    = {9908},
  pages     = {630--645},
  publisher = {European Conference on Computer Vision},
  year      = {2016}
}

@inproceedings{Ottfairseq,
  author    = {Myle Ott and
               Sergey Edunov and
               Alexei Baevski and
               Angela Fan and
               Sam Gross and
               Nathan Ng and
               David Grangier and
               Michael Auli},
  title     = {fairseq: {A} Fast, Extensible Toolkit for Sequence Modeling},
  pages     = {48--53},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2019}
}

@inproceedings{KleinOpenNMT,
  author    = {Guillaume Klein and
               Yoon Kim and
               Yuntian Deng and
               Jean Senellart and
               Alexander M. Rush},
  title     = {OpenNMT: Open-Source Toolkit for Neural Machine Translation},
  pages     = {67--72},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2017}
}

@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/acl/WuWXTGQLL19,
  author    = {Lijun Wu and
               Yiren Wang and
               Yingce Xia and
               Fei Tian and
               Fei Gao and
               Tao Qin and
               Jianhuang Lai and
               Tie{-}Yan Liu},
  title     = {Depth Growing for Neural Machine Translation},
  pages     = {5558--5563},
  publisher = {Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2019}
}

@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/cvpr/HuangLMW17,
  author    = {Gao Huang and
               Zhuang Liu and
               Laurens van der Maaten and
               Kilian Q. Weinberger},
  title     = {Densely Connected Convolutional Networks},
  pages     = {2261--2269},
  publisher = {{IEEE} Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition},
  year      = {2017}
}

@article{DBLP:journals/corr/GreffSS16,
  author    = {Klaus Greff and
               Rupesh Kumar Srivastava and
               J{\"{u}}rgen Schmidhuber},
  title     = {Highway and Residual Networks learn Unrolled Iterative Estimation},
  publisher = {International Conference on Learning Representations},
  year      = {2017}
}


%%%%% chapter 15------------------------------------------------------
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%% chapter 16------------------------------------------------------

%%%%% chapter 16------------------------------------------------------
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%% chapter 17------------------------------------------------------

%%%%% chapter 17------------------------------------------------------
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%% chapter 18------------------------------------------------------

%%%%% chapter 18------------------------------------------------------
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
