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@article{zhang-etal:2025:flow,
    title={Flow Straighter and Faster: Efficient One-Step Generative Modeling via MeanFlow on Rectified Trajectories},
    author={Xinxi Zhang and Shiwei Tan and Quang Nguyen and Quan Dao and Ligong Han and Xiaoxiao He and Tunyu Zhang and Alen Mrdovic and Dimitris Metaxas},
    year={2025},
    journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2511.23342}
}

@inproceedings{yang-etal:2025text,
    title={Text-to-Image Rectified Flow as Plug-and-Play Priors},
    author={Xiaofeng Yang and Chen Cheng and Xulei Yang and Fayao Liu and Guosheng Lin},
    booktitle={The Thirteenth International Conference on Learning Representations},
    year={2025}
}

@inproceedings{esser-etal:2024scaling,
    title={Scaling rectified flow transformers for high-resolution image synthesis},
    author={Patrick Esser and Sumith Kulal and Andreas Blattmann and Rahim Entezari and Jonas M{\" u}ller and Harry Saini and Yam Levi and Dominik Lorenz and Axel Sauer and Frederic Boesel and Dustin Podell and Tim Dockhorn and Zion English and Kyle Lacey and Alex Goodwin and Yannik Marek and Robin Rombach},
    booktitle={Forty-first international conference on machine learning},
    year={2024}
}

@article{greenberg-etal:2025demystifying,
    title={Demystifying flux architecture},
    author={Greenberg, Or},
    journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2507.09595},
    year={2025}
}

@inproceedings{yan-etal:2024perflow,
    title={Pe{RF}low: Piecewise Rectified Flow as Universal Plug-and-Play Accelerator},
    author={Hanshu Yan and Xingchao Liu and Jiachun Pan and Jun Hao Liew and qiang liu and Jiashi Feng},
    booktitle={The Thirty-eighth Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems},
    year={2024}
}

@article{saini-etal:2025rectified,
    title={Rectified-CFG++ for Flow Based Models},
    author={Saini, Shreshth and Gupta, Shashank and Bovik, Alan C},
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    year={2025}
}

@inproceedings{song-etal:2023consistency,
    title={Consistency Models},
    author={Song, Yang and Dhariwal, Prafulla and Chen, Mark and Sutskever, Ilya},
    booktitle={International Conference on Machine Learning},
    pages={32211--32252},
    year={2023},
    organization={PMLR}
}

@inproceedings{sauer-etal:2024adversarial,
    title={Adversarial diffusion distillation},
    author={Sauer, Axel and Lorenz, Dominik and Blattmann, Andreas and Rombach, Robin},
    booktitle={European Conference on Computer Vision},
    pages={87--103},
    year={2024},
    organization={Springer}
}

@article{luo-etal:2023latent,
    title={Latent consistency models: Synthesizing high-resolution images with few-step inference},
    author={Luo, Simian and Tan, Yiqin and Huang, Longbo and Li, Jian and Zhao, Hang},
    journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2310.04378},
    year={2023}
}

@article{luo-etal:2023lcm,
    title={Lcm-lora: A universal stable-diffusion acceleration module},
    author={Luo, Simian and Tan, Yiqin and Patil, Suraj and Gu, Daniel and Von Platen, Patrick and Passos, Apolin{\' a}rio and Huang, Longbo and Li, Jian and Zhao, Hang},
    journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2311.05556},
    year={2023}
}

@article{zheng-etal:2024trajectory,
    title={Trajectory consistency distillation},
    author={Zheng, Jianbin and Hu, Minghui and Fan, Zhongyi and Wang, Chaoyue and Ding, Changxing and Tao, Dacheng and Cham, Tat-Jen},
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    year={2024}
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@article{wang-etal:2024phased,
    title={Phased consistency models},
    author={Wang, Fu-Yun and Huang, Zhaoyang and Bergman, Alexander and Shen, Dazhong and Gao, Peng and Lingelbach, Michael and Sun, Keqiang and Bian, Weikang and Song, Guanglu and Liu, Yu and others},
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    year={2024}
}

@inproceedings{lu-and-song:2025simplifying,
    title={Simplifying, Stabilizing and Scaling Continuous-time Consistency Models},
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    booktitle={The Thirteenth International Conference on Learning Representations},
    year={2025}
}

@article{shen-etal:2025efficient,
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    year={2025}
}

@article{radford-etal:2018improving,
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@inproceedings{gu-etal:2018non,
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    year={2018}
}

@article{li-etal:2022diffusion,
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@inproceedings{mikolov-etal:2013distributed,
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}

@inproceedings{rombach-etal:2022high,
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}

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    title={Large concept models: Language modeling in a sentence representation space},
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    year={2024}
}

@article{brown-etal:1993mathematics,
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@article{xiao-etal:2023survey,
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}

@misc{li-etal:2025fixed,
      title={Beyond Fixed: Training-Free Variable-Length Denoising for Diffusion Large Language Models},
      author={Jinsong Li and Xiaoyi Dong and Yuhang Zang and Yuhang Cao and Jiaqi Wang and Dahua Lin},
      year={2025},
      eprint={2508.00819},
      archivePrefix={arXiv}
}

@misc{yang-etal:2025diffusion,
      title={Diffusion LLM with Native Variable Generation Lengths: Let [EOS] Lead the Way},
      author={Yicun Yang and Cong Wang and Shaobo Wang and Zichen Wen and Biqing Qi and Hanlin Xu and Linfeng Zhang},
      year={2025},
      eprint={2510.24605},
      archivePrefix={arXiv}
}

@article{austin-etal:2021structured,
    title={Structured denoising diffusion models in discrete state-spaces},
    author={Austin, Jacob and Johnson, Daniel D and Ho, Jonathan and Tarlow, Daniel and Van Den Berg, Rianne},
    journal={Advances in neural information processing systems},
    volume={34},
    pages={17981--17993},
    year={2021}
}

@article{sahoo-etal:2024simple,
    title={Simple and effective masked diffusion language models},
    author={Sahoo, Subham and Arriola, Marianne and Schiff, Yair and Gokaslan, Aaron and Marroquin, Edgar and Chiu, Justin and Rush, Alexander and Kuleshov, Volodymyr},
    journal={Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems},
    volume={37},
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    year={2024}
}

@article{nie-etal:2025large,
    title={Large language diffusion models},
    author={Nie, Shen and Zhu, Fengqi and You, Zebin and Zhang, Xiaolu and Ou, Jingyang and Hu, Jun and Zhou, Jun and Lin, Yankai and Wen, Ji-Rong and Li, Chongxuan},
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    year={2025}
}

@article{zhang-etal:2025corrective,
    title={Corrective Diffusion Language Models},
    author={Zhang, Shuibai and Peng, Fred Zhangzhi and Zhang, Yiheng and Pan, Jin and Chrysos, Grigorios G},
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    year={2025}
}

@inproceedings{rutte-etal:2025generalized,
    title={Generalized Interpolating Discrete Diffusion},
    author={R{\"u}tte, Dimitri von and Janis Fluri and Yuhui Ding and Antonio Orvieto and Bernhard Sch{\"o}lkopf and Thomas Hofmann},
    booktitle={Forty-second International Conference on Machine Learning},
    year={2025}
}

@inproceedings{clark-etal:2019electra,
    title={ELECTRA: Pre-training Text Encoders as Discriminators Rather Than Generators},
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    year={2019}
}

@article{raffel-etal:2020exploring,
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    author  = {Colin Raffel and Noam Shazeer and Adam Roberts and Katherine Lee and Sharan Narang and Michael Matena and Yanqi Zhou and Wei Li and Peter J. Liu},
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}

@article{joshi-etal:2020spanbert,
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    year={2020},
    publisher={MIT Press}
}

@article{gu-etal:2019levenshtein,
    title={Levenshtein transformer},
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    year={2019}
}

@article{reid-etal:2022diffuser,
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@inproceedings{tay-etal:2023ul2,
    title={{UL}2: Unifying Language Learning Paradigms},
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}

@inproceedings{lewis-etal:2020bart,
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    year={2020}
}

@inproceedings{zhu-etal:2020freelb,
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    year={2020}
}

@inproceedings{jang-etal:2017categorical,
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@inproceedings{maddison-etal:2017the,
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}

@article{hoogeboom-etal:2021argmax,
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@inproceedings{lou-etal:2024discrete,
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@inproceedings{ghazvininejad-etal:2019mask,
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@inproceedings{koh-etal:2025conditional,
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}

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@inproceedings{zheng-etal:2023dpmsolverv,
title={{DPM}-Solver-v3: Improved Diffusion {ODE} Solver with Empirical Model Statistics},
author={Kaiwen Zheng and Cheng Lu and Jianfei Chen and Jun Zhu},
booktitle={Thirty-seventh Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems},
year={2023},
url={https://openreview.net/forum?id=9fWKExmKa0}
}

@article{Guo-etal:2025DeepSeekR1,
  author       = {Daya Guo and
                  Dejian Yang and
                  Haowei Zhang and
                  Junxiao Song and
                  Peiyi Wang and
                  Qihao Zhu and
                  Runxin Xu and
                  Ruoyu Zhang and
                  Shirong Ma and
                  Xiao Bi and
                  Xiaokang Zhang and
                  Xingkai Yu and
                  Yu Wu and
                  Z. F. Wu and
                  Zhibin Gou and
                  Zhihong Shao and
                  Zhuoshu Li and
                  Ziyi Gao and
                  Aixin Liu and
                  Bing Xue and
                  Bingxuan Wang and
                  Bochao Wu and
                  Bei Feng and
                  Chengda Lu and
                  Chenggang Zhao and
                  Chengqi Deng and
                  Chong Ruan and
                  Damai Dai and
                  Deli Chen and
                  Dongjie Ji and
                  Erhang Li and
                  Fangyun Lin and
                  Fucong Dai and
                  Fuli Luo and
                  Guangbo Hao and
                  Guanting Chen and
                  Guowei Li and
                  Hao Zhang and
                  Hanwei Xu and
                  Honghui Ding and
                  Huazuo Gao and
                  Hui Qu and
                  Hui Li and
                  Jianzhong Guo and
                  Jiashi Li and
                  Jingchang Chen and
                  Jingyang Yuan and
                  Jinhao Tu and
                  Junjie Qiu and
                  Junlong Li and
                  J. L. Cai and
                  Jiaqi Ni and
                  Jian Liang and
                  Jin Chen and
                  Kai Dong and
                  Kai Hu and
                  Kaichao You and
                  Kaige Gao and
                  Kang Guan and
                  Kexin Huang and
                  Kuai Yu and
                  Lean Wang and
                  Lecong Zhang and
                  Liang Zhao and
                  Litong Wang and
                  Liyue Zhang and
                  Lei Xu and
                  Leyi Xia and
                  Mingchuan Zhang and
                  Minghua Zhang and
                  Minghui Tang and
                  Mingxu Zhou and
                  Meng Li and
                  Miaojun Wang and
                  Mingming Li and
                  Ning Tian and
                  Panpan Huang and
                  Peng Zhang and
                  Qiancheng Wang and
                  Qinyu Chen and
                  Qiushi Du and
                  Ruiqi Ge and
                  Ruisong Zhang and
                  Ruizhe Pan and
                  Runji Wang and
                  R. J. Chen and
                  R. L. Jin and
                  Ruyi Chen and
                  Shanghao Lu and
                  Shangyan Zhou and
                  Shanhuang Chen and
                  Shengfeng Ye and
                  Shiyu Wang and
                  Shuiping Yu and
                  Shunfeng Zhou and
                  Shuting Pan and
                  S. S. Li and
                  Shuang Zhou and
                  Shaoqing Wu and
                  Tao Yun and
                  Tian Pei and
                  Tianyu Sun and
                  Tao Wang and
                  Wangding Zeng and
                  Wen Liu and
                  Wenfeng Liang and
                  Wenjun Gao and
                  Wenqin Yu and
                  Wentao Zhang and
                  W. L. Xiao and
                  Wei An and
                  Xiaodong Liu and
                  Xiaohan Wang and
                  Xiaokang Chen and
                  Xiaotao Nie and
                  Xin Cheng and
                  Xin Liu and
                  Xin Xie and
                  Xingchao Liu and
                  Xinyu Yang and
                  Xinyuan Li and
                  Xuecheng Su and
                  Xuheng Lin and
                  X. Q. Li and
                  Xiangyue Jin and
                  Xiaojin Shen and
                  Xiaosha Chen and
                  Xiaowen Sun and
                  Xiaoxiang Wang and
                  Xinnan Song and
                  Xinyi Zhou and
                  Xianzu Wang and
                  Xinxia Shan and
                  Y. K. Li and
                  Y. Q. Wang and
                  Y. X. Wei and
                  Yang Zhang and
                  Yanhong Xu and
                  Yao Li and
                  Yao Zhao and
                  Yaofeng Sun and
                  Yaohui Wang and
                  Yi Yu and
                  Yichao Zhang and
                  Yifan Shi and
                  Yiliang Xiong and
                  Ying He and
                  Yishi Piao and
                  Yisong Wang and
                  Yixuan Tan and
                  Yiyang Ma and
                  Yiyuan Liu and
                  Yongqiang Guo and
                  Yuan Ou and
                  Yuduan Wang and
                  Yue Gong and
                  Yuheng Zou and
                  Yujia He and
                  Yunfan Xiong and
                  Yuxiang Luo and
                  Yuxiang You and
                  Yuxuan Liu and
                  Yuyang Zhou and
                  Y. X. Zhu and
                  Yanping Huang and
                  Yaohui Li and
                  Yi Zheng and
                  Yuchen Zhu and
                  Yunxian Ma and
                  Ying Tang and
                  Yukun Zha and
                  Yuting Yan and
                  Z. Z. Ren and
                  Zehui Ren and
                  Zhangli Sha and
                  Zhe Fu and
                  Zhean Xu and
                  Zhenda Xie and
                  Zhengyan Zhang and
                  Zhewen Hao and
                  Zhicheng Ma and
                  Zhigang Yan and
                  Zhiyu Wu and
                  Zihui Gu and
                  Zijia Zhu and
                  Zijun Liu and
                  Zilin Li and
                  Ziwei Xie and
                  Ziyang Song and
                  Zizheng Pan and
                  Zhen Huang and
                  Zhipeng Xu and
                  Zhongyu Zhang and
                  Zhen Zhang},
  title        = {DeepSeek-R1 incentivizes reasoning in LLMs through reinforcement learning},
  journal      = {Nat.},
  volume       = {645},
  number       = {8081},
  pages        = {633--638},
  year         = {2025},
  url          = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-09422-z},
  doi          = {10.1038/S41586-025-09422-Z},
  timestamp    = {Sun, 02 Nov 2025 21:29:27 +0100},
  biburl       = {https://dblp.org/rec/journals/nature/GuoYZSWZXZMBZY025.bib},
  bibsource    = {dblp computer science bibliography, https://dblp.org}
}


@inproceedings{yang-etal:2024loopedTransformer,
title={Looped Transformers are Better at Learning Learning Algorithms},
author={Liu Yang and Kangwook Lee and Robert D Nowak and Dimitris Papailiopoulos},
booktitle={The Twelfth International Conference on Learning Representations},
year={2024},
url={https://openreview.net/forum?id=HHbRxoDTxE}
}