hiero rule application

Section04-Phrasal-and-Syntactic-Models/section04-test.tex

@@ -125,14 +125,141 @@
 
 %%%------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 %%%  使用翻译规则
-\begin{frame}{使用翻译规则描述翻译过程}
+\begin{frame}{使用翻译规则描述双语句子生成过程}
 \begin{itemize}
 \item 翻译过程可以用上述规则描述
     \begin{itemize}
-    \item 规则的源语和目标语端都对应连续的词串
     \item 每个变量在源语和目标语端可以被同步替换
     \end{itemize}
 \end{itemize}
+
+\begin{center}
+\begin{tikzpicture}
+\begin{scope}
+
+\visible<3->{
+% rule 1 (source)
+\node [anchor=west] (rule1s1) at (0,0) {与};
+\node [anchor=west,inner sep=2pt,fill=black] (rule1s2) at ([xshift=0.5em]rule1s1.east) {\scriptsize{{\color{white} $X_1$}}};
+\node [anchor=west] (rule1s3) at ([xshift=0.5em]rule1s2.east) {有};
+\node [anchor=west,inner sep=2pt,fill=black] (rule1s4) at ([xshift=0.5em]rule1s3.east) {\scriptsize{{\color{white} $X_2$}}};
+
+% rule 1 (target)
+\node [anchor=west] (rule1t1) at ([xshift=0.8in]rule1s4.east) {have};
+\node [anchor=west,inner sep=2pt,fill=black] (rule1t2) at ([xshift=0.5em]rule1t1.east) {\scriptsize{{\color{white} $X_2$}}};
+\node [anchor=west] (rule1t3) at ([xshift=0.5em]rule1t2.east) {with};
+\node [anchor=west,inner sep=2pt,fill=black] (rule1t4) at ([xshift=0.5em]rule1t3.east) {\scriptsize{{\color{white} $X_1$}}};
+}
+
+\visible<1->{
+% phrase 1 (source and target)
+\node [anchor=north] (phrase1s1) at ([yshift=-1em]rule1s2.south) {北韩};
+\node [anchor=north] (phrase1t1) at ([yshift=-1em]rule1t4.south) {North Korea};
+}
+
+\visible<2->{
+% phrase 2 (source and target)
+\node [anchor=north] (phrase2s1) at ([yshift=-3em]rule1s4.south) {邦交};
+\node [anchor=north] (phrase2t1) at ([yshift=-3em]rule1t2.south) {diplomatic relations};
+}
+
+\begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
+\visible<3->{
+\node [rectangle,draw=red,inner sep=1pt,thick,fill=white,drop shadow] [fit = (rule1s1) (rule1s4)] (rule1s) {};
+\node [rectangle,draw=red,inner sep=2pt,thick,fill=white,drop shadow] [fit = (rule1t1) (rule1t4)] (rule1t) {};
+}
+\end{pgfonlayer}
+
+\visible<3->{
+% edges (phrases 1-2 to rule1)
+\draw [->] (phrase1s1.north) -- ([yshift=-0.1em]rule1s2.south);
+\draw [->] (phrase1t1.north) -- ([yshift=-0.1em]rule1t4.south);
+\draw [->] (phrase2s1.north) -- ([yshift=-0.1em]rule1s4.south);
+\draw [->] (phrase2t1.north) -- ([yshift=-0.1em]rule1t2.south);
+}
+
+\visible<4->{
+% rule 2 (source)
+\node [anchor=west,inner sep=2pt,fill=black] (rule2s1) at ([yshift=3.5em,xshift=-0.5em]rule1s1.north west) {\scriptsize{{\color{white} $X_1$}}};
+\node [anchor=west] (rule2s2) at ([xshift=0.5em]rule2s1.east) {的};
+\node [anchor=west,inner sep=2pt,fill=black] (rule2s3) at ([xshift=0.5em]rule2s2.east) {\scriptsize{{\color{white} $X_2$}}};
+
+% rule 2 (target)
+\node [anchor=west,inner sep=2pt,fill=black] (rule2t1) at ([yshift=3.5em,xshift=4em]rule1t1.north west) {\scriptsize{{\color{white} $X_2$}}};
+\node [anchor=west] (rule2t2) at ([xshift=0.5em]rule2t1.east) {that};
+\node [anchor=west,inner sep=2pt,fill=black] (rule2t3) at ([xshift=0.5em]rule2t2.east) {\scriptsize{{\color{white} $X_1$}}};
+
+% phrase 3 (source and target)
+\node [anchor=north] (phrase3s1) at ([yshift=-0.8em]rule2s3.south) {\footnotesize{少数 国家}};
+\node [anchor=north] (phrase3t1) at ([yshift=-0.8em]rule2t1.south) {\footnotesize{the few countries}};
+
+% edges (phrase 3 to rule 2 and rule1 to rule2)
+\draw [->] (phrase3s1.north) -- ([yshift=-0.1em]rule2s3.south);
+\draw [->] (phrase3t1.north) -- ([yshift=-0.1em]rule2t1.south);
+\draw [->] ([xshift=2em]rule1s.north west) ..controls +(north:1.5em) and +(south:1.5em).. ([yshift=-0.1em]rule2s1.south);
+\draw [->] ([xshift=-2em]rule1t.north east) ..controls +(north:1.5em) and +(south:1.5em).. ([yshift=-0.1em]rule2t3.south);
+}
+
+\begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
+\visible<4->{
+\node [rectangle,draw=blue,inner sep=4pt,thick,fill=white,drop shadow] [fit = (rule2s1) (rule2s3)] (rule2s) {};
+\node [rectangle,draw=blue,inner sep=4pt,thick,fill=white,drop shadow] [fit = (rule2t1) (rule2t3)] (rule2t) {};
+}
+\end{pgfonlayer}
+
+\visible<5->{
+% rule 3 (source)
+\node [anchor=west,inner sep=2pt,fill=black] (rule3s1) at ([yshift=2.5em,xshift=4em]rule2s1.north west) {\scriptsize{{\color{white} $X_1$}}};
+\node [anchor=west] (rule3s2) at ([xshift=0.5em]rule3s1.east) {之一};
+
+% rule 3 (target)
+\node [anchor=west] (rule3t1) at ([yshift=2.5em,xshift=-4em]rule2t1.north west) {one of};
+\node [anchor=west,inner sep=2pt,fill=black] (rule3t2) at ([xshift=0.5em]rule3t1.east) {\scriptsize{{\color{white} $X_1$}}};
+
+% edges: rule 2 to rule 3
+\draw [->] ([xshift=-1em]rule2s.north) ..controls +(north:1.2em) and +(south:1.2em).. ([yshift=-0.1em]rule3s1.south);
+\draw [->] ([xshift=1em]rule2t.north) ..controls +(north:1.2em) and +(south:1.2em).. ([yshift=-0.1em]rule3t2.south);
+}
+
+\begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
+\visible<5->{
+\node [rectangle,draw=ugreen,inner sep=1pt,thick,fill=white,drop shadow] [fit = (rule3s1) (rule3s2)] (rule3s) {};
+\node [rectangle,draw=ugreen,inner sep=2pt,thick,fill=white,drop shadow] [fit = (rule3t1) (rule3t2)] (rule3t) {};
+}
+\end{pgfonlayer}
+
+\visible<6->{
+% rule 4 (source)
+\node [anchor=west,inner sep=2pt,fill=black] (rule4s1) at ([yshift=3.5em,xshift=-3.5em]rule3s1.north west) {\scriptsize{{\color{white} $X_1$}}};
+\node [anchor=west] (rule4s2) at ([xshift=0.5em]rule4s1.east) {是};
+\node [anchor=west,inner sep=2pt,fill=black] (rule4s3) at ([xshift=0.5em]rule4s2.east) {\scriptsize{{\color{white} $X_2$}}};
+
+% rule 2 (target)
+\node [anchor=west,inner sep=2pt,fill=black] (rule4t1) at ([yshift=3.5em,xshift=2em]rule3t1.north west) {\scriptsize{{\color{white} $X_1$}}};
+\node [anchor=west] (rule4t2) at ([xshift=0.5em]rule4t1.east) {is};
+\node [anchor=west,inner sep=2pt,fill=black] (rule4t3) at ([xshift=0.5em]rule4t2.east) {\scriptsize{{\color{white} $X_2$}}};
+
+% phrase 4 (source and target)
+\node [anchor=north] (phrase4s1) at ([yshift=-0.8em]rule4s1.south) {\footnotesize{澳洲}};
+\node [anchor=north] (phrase4t1) at ([yshift=-0.8em]rule4t1.south) {\footnotesize{Australia}};
+
+% edges (phrase 4 to rule 4 and rule3 to rule4)
+\draw [->] (phrase4s1.north) -- ([yshift=-0.1em]rule4s1.south);
+\draw [->] (phrase4t1.north) -- ([yshift=-0.1em]rule4t1.south);
+\draw [->] ([xshift=1em]rule3s.north) ..controls +(north:1.5em) and +(south:1.5em).. ([yshift=-0.1em]rule4s3.south);
+\draw [->] ([xshift=-1em]rule3t.north east) ..controls +(north:1.5em) and +(south:1.5em).. ([yshift=-0.1em]rule4t3.south);
+}
+
+\begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
+\visible<6->{
+\node [rectangle,draw=orange,inner sep=4pt,thick,fill=white,drop shadow] [fit = (rule4s1) (rule4s3)] (rule4s) {};
+\node [rectangle,draw=orange,inner sep=4pt,thick,fill=white,drop shadow] [fit = (rule4t1) (rule4t3)] (rule4t) {};
+}
+\end{pgfonlayer}
+
+\end{scope}
+\end{tikzpicture}
+\end{center}
 \end{frame}
 
 %%%------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Section04-Phrasal-and-Syntactic-Models/section04.tex

@@ -1385,7 +1385,7 @@ $d$是一个$(\textbf{s},\textbf{t})$上基于短语的翻译推导，$\textrm{P
     包含 多个 词 的 短语 大多 & 0
     \end{tabular}
     \end{center}
-    
+
 \vspace{0.5em}
 \item<2-> 简单使用短语和$n$-gram语言模型无法处理长距离的调序
     \begin{itemize}
@@ -1423,7 +1423,7 @@ $d$是一个$(\textbf{s},\textbf{t})$上基于短语的翻译推导，$\textrm{P
 \node [anchor=south east,inner sep=1pt,fill=black] (l2) at ([xshift=6.3em]twords2.south) {\tiny{{\color{white} 2}}};
 }
 \end{pgfonlayer}
-    
+
 \end{scope}
 \end{tikzpicture}
 \end{center}
@@ -1464,6 +1464,145 @@ $d$是一个$(\textbf{s},\textbf{t})$上基于短语的翻译推导，$\textrm{P
 \end{frame}
 
 %%%------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+%%%  使用翻译规则
+\begin{frame}{使用翻译规则描述双语句子生成过程}
+\begin{itemize}
+\item 翻译过程可以用上述规则描述
+    \begin{itemize}
+    \item 每个变量在源语和目标语端可以被同步替换
+    \end{itemize}
+\end{itemize}
+
+\begin{center}
+\begin{tikzpicture}
+\begin{scope}
+
+\visible<3->{
+% rule 1 (source)
+\node [anchor=west] (rule1s1) at (0,0) {与};
+\node [anchor=west,inner sep=2pt,fill=black] (rule1s2) at ([xshift=0.5em]rule1s1.east) {\scriptsize{{\color{white} $X_1$}}};
+\node [anchor=west] (rule1s3) at ([xshift=0.5em]rule1s2.east) {有};
+\node [anchor=west,inner sep=2pt,fill=black] (rule1s4) at ([xshift=0.5em]rule1s3.east) {\scriptsize{{\color{white} $X_2$}}};
+
+% rule 1 (target)
+\node [anchor=west] (rule1t1) at ([xshift=0.8in]rule1s4.east) {have};
+\node [anchor=west,inner sep=2pt,fill=black] (rule1t2) at ([xshift=0.5em]rule1t1.east) {\scriptsize{{\color{white} $X_2$}}};
+\node [anchor=west] (rule1t3) at ([xshift=0.5em]rule1t2.east) {with};
+\node [anchor=west,inner sep=2pt,fill=black] (rule1t4) at ([xshift=0.5em]rule1t3.east) {\scriptsize{{\color{white} $X_1$}}};
+}
+
+\visible<1->{
+% phrase 1 (source and target)
+\node [anchor=north] (phrase1s1) at ([yshift=-1em]rule1s2.south) {北韩};
+\node [anchor=north] (phrase1t1) at ([yshift=-1em]rule1t4.south) {North Korea};
+}
+
+\visible<2->{
+% phrase 2 (source and target)
+\node [anchor=north] (phrase2s1) at ([yshift=-3em]rule1s4.south) {邦交};
+\node [anchor=north] (phrase2t1) at ([yshift=-3em]rule1t2.south) {diplomatic relations};
+}
+
+\begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
+\visible<3->{
+\node [rectangle,draw=red,inner sep=1pt,thick,fill=white,drop shadow] [fit = (rule1s1) (rule1s4)] (rule1s) {};
+\node [rectangle,draw=red,inner sep=2pt,thick,fill=white,drop shadow] [fit = (rule1t1) (rule1t4)] (rule1t) {};
+}
+\end{pgfonlayer}
+
+\visible<3->{
+% edges (phrases 1-2 to rule1)
+\draw [->] (phrase1s1.north) -- ([yshift=-0.1em]rule1s2.south);
+\draw [->] (phrase1t1.north) -- ([yshift=-0.1em]rule1t4.south);
+\draw [->] (phrase2s1.north) -- ([yshift=-0.1em]rule1s4.south);
+\draw [->] (phrase2t1.north) -- ([yshift=-0.1em]rule1t2.south);
+}
+
+\visible<4->{
+% rule 2 (source)
+\node [anchor=west,inner sep=2pt,fill=black] (rule2s1) at ([yshift=3.5em,xshift=-0.5em]rule1s1.north west) {\scriptsize{{\color{white} $X_1$}}};
+\node [anchor=west] (rule2s2) at ([xshift=0.5em]rule2s1.east) {的};
+\node [anchor=west,inner sep=2pt,fill=black] (rule2s3) at ([xshift=0.5em]rule2s2.east) {\scriptsize{{\color{white} $X_2$}}};
+
+% rule 2 (target)
+\node [anchor=west,inner sep=2pt,fill=black] (rule2t1) at ([yshift=3.5em,xshift=4em]rule1t1.north west) {\scriptsize{{\color{white} $X_2$}}};
+\node [anchor=west] (rule2t2) at ([xshift=0.5em]rule2t1.east) {that};
+\node [anchor=west,inner sep=2pt,fill=black] (rule2t3) at ([xshift=0.5em]rule2t2.east) {\scriptsize{{\color{white} $X_1$}}};
+
+% phrase 3 (source and target)
+\node [anchor=north] (phrase3s1) at ([yshift=-0.8em]rule2s3.south) {\footnotesize{少数 国家}};
+\node [anchor=north] (phrase3t1) at ([yshift=-0.8em]rule2t1.south) {\footnotesize{the few countries}};
+
+% edges (phrase 3 to rule 2 and rule1 to rule2)
+\draw [->] (phrase3s1.north) -- ([yshift=-0.1em]rule2s3.south);
+\draw [->] (phrase3t1.north) -- ([yshift=-0.1em]rule2t1.south);
+\draw [->] ([xshift=2em]rule1s.north west) ..controls +(north:1.5em) and +(south:1.5em).. ([yshift=-0.1em]rule2s1.south);
+\draw [->] ([xshift=-2em]rule1t.north east) ..controls +(north:1.5em) and +(south:1.5em).. ([yshift=-0.1em]rule2t3.south);
+}
+
+\begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
+\visible<4->{
+\node [rectangle,draw=blue,inner sep=4pt,thick,fill=white,drop shadow] [fit = (rule2s1) (rule2s3)] (rule2s) {};
+\node [rectangle,draw=blue,inner sep=4pt,thick,fill=white,drop shadow] [fit = (rule2t1) (rule2t3)] (rule2t) {};
+}
+\end{pgfonlayer}
+
+\visible<5->{
+% rule 3 (source)
+\node [anchor=west,inner sep=2pt,fill=black] (rule3s1) at ([yshift=2.5em,xshift=4em]rule2s1.north west) {\scriptsize{{\color{white} $X_1$}}};
+\node [anchor=west] (rule3s2) at ([xshift=0.5em]rule3s1.east) {之一};
+
+% rule 3 (target)
+\node [anchor=west] (rule3t1) at ([yshift=2.5em,xshift=-4em]rule2t1.north west) {one of};
+\node [anchor=west,inner sep=2pt,fill=black] (rule3t2) at ([xshift=0.5em]rule3t1.east) {\scriptsize{{\color{white} $X_1$}}};
+
+% edges: rule 2 to rule 3
+\draw [->] ([xshift=-1em]rule2s.north) ..controls +(north:1.2em) and +(south:1.2em).. ([yshift=-0.1em]rule3s1.south);
+\draw [->] ([xshift=1em]rule2t.north) ..controls +(north:1.2em) and +(south:1.2em).. ([yshift=-0.1em]rule3t2.south);
+}
+
+\begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
+\visible<5->{
+\node [rectangle,draw=ugreen,inner sep=1pt,thick,fill=white,drop shadow] [fit = (rule3s1) (rule3s2)] (rule3s) {};
+\node [rectangle,draw=ugreen,inner sep=2pt,thick,fill=white,drop shadow] [fit = (rule3t1) (rule3t2)] (rule3t) {};
+}
+\end{pgfonlayer}
+
+\visible<6->{
+% rule 4 (source)
+\node [anchor=west,inner sep=2pt,fill=black] (rule4s1) at ([yshift=3.5em,xshift=-3.5em]rule3s1.north west) {\scriptsize{{\color{white} $X_1$}}};
+\node [anchor=west] (rule4s2) at ([xshift=0.5em]rule4s1.east) {是};
+\node [anchor=west,inner sep=2pt,fill=black] (rule4s3) at ([xshift=0.5em]rule4s2.east) {\scriptsize{{\color{white} $X_2$}}};
+
+% rule 2 (target)
+\node [anchor=west,inner sep=2pt,fill=black] (rule4t1) at ([yshift=3.5em,xshift=2em]rule3t1.north west) {\scriptsize{{\color{white} $X_1$}}};
+\node [anchor=west] (rule4t2) at ([xshift=0.5em]rule4t1.east) {is};
+\node [anchor=west,inner sep=2pt,fill=black] (rule4t3) at ([xshift=0.5em]rule4t2.east) {\scriptsize{{\color{white} $X_2$}}};
+
+% phrase 4 (source and target)
+\node [anchor=north] (phrase4s1) at ([yshift=-0.8em]rule4s1.south) {\footnotesize{澳洲}};
+\node [anchor=north] (phrase4t1) at ([yshift=-0.8em]rule4t1.south) {\footnotesize{Australia}};
+
+% edges (phrase 4 to rule 4 and rule3 to rule4)
+\draw [->] (phrase4s1.north) -- ([yshift=-0.1em]rule4s1.south);
+\draw [->] (phrase4t1.north) -- ([yshift=-0.1em]rule4t1.south);
+\draw [->] ([xshift=1em]rule3s.north) ..controls +(north:1.5em) and +(south:1.5em).. ([yshift=-0.1em]rule4s3.south);
+\draw [->] ([xshift=-1em]rule3t.north east) ..controls +(north:1.5em) and +(south:1.5em).. ([yshift=-0.1em]rule4t3.south);
+}
+
+\begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
+\visible<6->{
+\node [rectangle,draw=orange,inner sep=4pt,thick,fill=white,drop shadow] [fit = (rule4s1) (rule4s3)] (rule4s) {};
+\node [rectangle,draw=orange,inner sep=4pt,thick,fill=white,drop shadow] [fit = (rule4t1) (rule4t3)] (rule4t) {};
+}
+\end{pgfonlayer}
+
+\end{scope}
+\end{tikzpicture}
+\end{center}
+\end{frame}
+
+%%%------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 \subsection{同步上下文无关文法}
 
 %%%------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------