Merge branch 'master' of http://47.105.50.196/NiuTrans/Toy-MT-Introduction

Section04-Phrasal-and-Syntactic-Models/section04-test.tex

@@ -141,15 +141,21 @@
 
 %%%------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 %%%  句法树(层次短语)
-\begin{frame}{层次短语句法树}
+\begin{frame}{层次短语规则推导的句法树表示}
 \begin{itemize}
-\item 层次短语规则的使用本质上在对(源语)句子构建树结构，它反应了文法对于字符串分析得到的推导
+\item 层次短语规则的使用本质上是对(源语)句子建立树状结构，这反应了文法对于字符串分析得到的推导\\
+\vspace{-0.4em}
+\begin{displaymath}
+\visible<2->{d = r_3}\visible<3->{\circ r_1}\visible<4->{ \circ r_4}\visible<5->{ \circ r_2}\visible<6->{ \circ r_5}\visible<7->{ \circ r_2}\visible<8->{ \circ r_7}\visible<9->{ \circ r_6}\visible<10->{ \circ r_2}
+\end{displaymath}
 \end{itemize}
 
+\vspace{-1em}
 \begin{center}
 \begin{tikzpicture}
-
-\begin{scope}[xshift = -0.5in, yshift = -3.2in, sibling distance=2pt, level distance = 27pt]
+{\scriptsize
+\begin{scope}[sibling distance=0pt, level distance = 27pt]
+{\scriptsize
 \Tree[.\node(n1){\textbf{S}};
         [.\node(n2){\textbf{S}};
 	        [.\node(n3){\textbf{S}};
@@ -173,53 +179,54 @@
         ]
      ]
 
-\node[circle, inner sep = 1pt, fill=blue!90!white, anchor = west] (l1) at ([xshift=-0.3em]n1.north east) {{\color{white} \tiny{$r_2$}}};
-\node[circle, inner sep = 1pt, fill=blue!90!white, anchor = east] (l2) at ([xshift=0.3em]n2.north west) {{\color{white} \tiny{$r_2$}}};
-\node[circle, inner sep = 1pt, fill=blue!90!white, anchor = east] (l2) at ([xshift=0.3em]n3.north west) {{\color{white} \tiny{$r_2$}}};
-\node[circle, inner sep = 1pt, fill=blue!90!white, anchor = east] (l2) at ([xshift=0.3em]n4.north west) {{\color{white} \tiny{$r_1$}}};
-\node[circle, inner sep = 1pt, fill=blue!90!white, anchor = east] (l2) at ([xshift=0.3em]n5.north west) {{\color{white} \tiny{$r_3$}}};
-\node[circle, inner sep = 1pt, fill=blue!90!white, anchor = west] (l1) at ([xshift=-0.3em]n6.south east) {{\color{white} \tiny{$r_4$}}};
-\node[circle, inner sep = 1pt, fill=blue!90!white, anchor = west] (l1) at ([xshift=-0.3em]n7.north east) {{\color{white} \tiny{$r_5$}}};
-\node[circle, inner sep = 1pt, fill=blue!90!white, anchor = west] (l1) at ([xshift=-0.3em]n8.north east) {{\color{white} \tiny{$r_6$}}};
-\node[circle, inner sep = 1pt, fill=blue!90!white, anchor = west] (l1) at ([xshift=-0.3em]n9.north east) {{\color{white} \tiny{$r_7$}}};
+\node<10->[circle, inner sep = 0.5pt, fill=blue!90!white, anchor = west] (l1) at ([xshift=-0.3em]n1.north east) {{\color{white} \tiny{$r_2$}}};
+\node<7->[circle, inner sep = 0.5pt, fill=blue!90!white, anchor = east] (l2) at ([xshift=0.3em]n2.north west) {{\color{white} \tiny{$r_2$}}};
+\node<5->[circle, inner sep = 0.5pt, fill=blue!90!white, anchor = east] (l2) at ([xshift=0.3em]n3.north west) {{\color{white} \tiny{$r_2$}}};
+\node<3->[circle, inner sep = 0.5pt, fill=blue!90!white, anchor = east] (l2) at ([xshift=0.3em]n4.north west) {{\color{white} \tiny{$r_1$}}};
+\visible<2->{\node[circle, inner sep = 0.5pt, fill=blue!90!white, anchor = east] (l2) at ([xshift=0.3em]n5.north west) {{\color{white} \tiny{$r_3$}}};}
+\node<4->[circle, inner sep = 0.5pt, fill=blue!90!white, anchor = west] (l1) at ([xshift=-0.3em]n6.south east) {{\color{white} \tiny{$r_4$}}};
+\node<6->[circle, inner sep = 0.5pt, fill=blue!90!white, anchor = west] (l1) at ([xshift=-0.3em]n7.north east) {{\color{white} \tiny{$r_5$}}};
+\node<9->[circle, inner sep = 0.5pt, fill=blue!90!white, anchor = west] (l1) at ([xshift=-0.3em]n8.north east) {{\color{white} \tiny{$r_6$}}};
+\node<8->[circle, inner sep = 0.5pt, fill=blue!90!white, anchor = west] (l1) at ([xshift=-0.3em]n9.north east) {{\color{white} \tiny{$r_7$}}};
 
+}
 \end{scope}
 
-\begin{scope}[xshift = 1.8in, yshift = -3.0in]
-\node (rules) {\textbf{Rules used:}};
-\draw[-] (rules.south west)--([xshift=2.7in]rules.south west);
+\begin{scope}[xshift = 1.8in, yshift = 0.1in]
+\node (rules) {\textbf{层次短语翻译规则:}};
+\draw[-] (rules.south west)--([xshift=1.8in]rules.south west);
 
 \node[anchor=north west] (r1) at ([yshift=-0.2em]rules.south west) {$r_1$};
-\node[anchor=west] (rc1) at ([xshift=1em]r1.east) {$S \; \to \; X, \; \; X$};
+\node[anchor=west] (rc1) at ([xshift=0.0em]r1.east) {$\textrm{S} \; \to \; \langle\ \textrm{X}_1, \; \; \textrm{X}_1\ \rangle$};
 
-\node[anchor=north west] (r2) at ([yshift=-0.2em]r1.south west) {$r_2$};
-\node[anchor=west] (rc2) at ([xshift=1em]r2.east) {$S \; \to \; S \; X, \; \; S \; X$};
+\node[anchor=north west] (r2) at ([yshift=-0.4em]r1.south west) {$r_2$};
+\node[anchor=west] (rc2) at ([xshift=0em]r2.east) {$\textrm{S} \; \to \; \langle\  \textrm{S}_1 \; \textrm{X}_2, \; \; \textrm{S}_1 \; \textrm{X}_2\ \rangle$};
 
-\node[anchor=north west] (r3) at ([yshift=-0.2em]r2.south west) {$r_3$};
-\node[anchor=west] (rc3) at ([xshift=1em]r3.east) {$X \; \to \; \text{但}, \; \; \text{but}$};
+\node[anchor=north west] (r3) at ([yshift=-0.4em]r2.south west) {$r_3$};
+\node[anchor=west] (rc3) at ([xshift=0em]r3.east) {$\textrm{X} \; \to \; \langle\  \text{但}, \; \; \text{but}\ \rangle$};
 
-\node[anchor=north west] (r4) at ([yshift=-0.2em]r3.south west) {$r_4$};
-\node[anchor=west] (rc4) at ([xshift=1em]r4.east) {$X \; \to \; \text{美国}, \; \; \text{the U.S.}$};
+\node[anchor=north west] (r4) at ([yshift=-0.4em]r3.south west) {$r_4$};
+\node[anchor=west] (rc4) at ([xshift=0em]r4.east) {$\textrm{X} \; \to \; \langle\  \text{美国}, \; \; \text{the U.S.}\ \rangle$};
 
-\node[anchor=north west] (r5) at ([yshift=-0.2em]r4.south west) {$r_5$};
-\node[anchor=west] (rc5) at ([xshift=1em]r5.east) {$X \; \to \; \text{并没有} \; \text{执行}, \; \; \text{}$};
+\node[anchor=north west] (r5) at ([yshift=-0.4em]r4.south west) {$r_5$};
+\node[anchor=west] (rc5) at ([xshift=0em]r5.east) {$\textrm{X} \; \to \; \langle\  \text{并没有} \; \text{执行}, \; \; \text{}$};
 
-\node[anchor=north west] (r52) at ([yshift=-0.2em]r5.south west) {{\color{white} $r_5$}};
-\node[anchor=west] (rc52) at ([xshift=3.9em]r52.east) {$\text{has not implemented}$};
+\node[anchor=north west] (r52) at ([yshift=-0.4em]r5.south west) {{\color{white} $r_5$}};
+\node[anchor=west] (rc52) at ([xshift=2.9em]r52.east) {$\text{has not implemented}\ \rangle$};
 
-\node[anchor=north west] (r6) at ([yshift=-0.2em]r52.south west) {$r_6$};
-\node[anchor=west] (rc6) at ([xshift=1em]r6.east) {$X \; \to \; \text{世贸} \; X \; \text{裁决}, $};
+\node[anchor=north west] (r6) at ([yshift=-0.4em]r52.south west) {$r_6$};
+\node[anchor=west] (rc6) at ([xshift=0em]r6.east) {$\textrm{X} \; \to \; \langle\ \text{世贸} \; \textrm{X}_1 \; \text{裁决}, $};
 
-\node[anchor=north west] (r61) at ([yshift=-0.2em]r6.south west) {{\color{white} $r_6$}};
-\node[anchor=west] (rc61) at ([xshift=3.9em]r61.east) {$\text{the decision} \; X \; \text{the WTO}$};
+\node[anchor=north west] (r61) at ([yshift=-0.4em]r6.south west) {{\color{white} $r_6$}};
+\node[anchor=west] (rc61) at ([xshift=2.9em]r61.east) {$\text{the decision} \; \textrm{X}_1 \; \text{the WTO}\ \rangle$};
 
-\node[anchor=north west] (r7) at ([yshift=-0.2em]r61.south west) {$r_7$};
-\node[anchor=west] (rc7) at ([xshift=1em]r7.east) {$X \; \to \; \text{组织 的}, \; \; \text{of}$};
+\node[anchor=north west] (r7) at ([yshift=-0.4em]r61.south west) {$r_7$};
+\node[anchor=west] (rc7) at ([xshift=0em]r7.east) {$\textrm{X} \; \to \; \langle\ \text{组织 的}, \; \; \text{of}\ \rangle$};
 
-\node (labela) at (-1in,-2.4in) {(b) Source-language projection of the derivation and the rules used};
 
 \end{scope}
 
+}
 \end{tikzpicture}
 \end{center}
 
@@ -302,13 +309,13 @@
 %%% 句法树中的一些基本概念
 \begin{frame}{基本概念}
 \begin{itemize}
-\item 基于句法系统的一些基本概念
+\item 一些基本概念
 \end{itemize}
 \end{frame}
 
 %%%------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-%%% 句法模型分类
-\begin{frame}{句法模型分类}
+%%% 句法模型的分类
+\begin{frame}{句法模型的分类}
 \begin{itemize}
 \item 句法模型分类
 \item 各种变形
@@ -316,6 +323,33 @@
 \end{frame}
 
 %%%------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+%%% 对比
+\begin{frame}{句法模型对比}
+
+\begin{tabular}{l | l | l | l | l}
+& 形式句法 & \multicolumn{3}{c}{语言学句法} \\ \cline{3-5} 
+& & 树到串 & 串到树 & 树到树 \\ \hline
+源语句法 & No & Yes & No & Yes \\
+目标语句法 & No & No & Yes & Yes \\
+基于串的解码 & Yes & No & Yes & Yes \\
+基于树的解码 & No & Yes & No & Yes \\
+健壮性 & High & Mid & Mid & Low
+\end{tabular}
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item 下面，以树到串/串到树为例进行介绍，一些代表性论文\\
+	\begin{itemize}
+	\item \textbf{What's in a translation rule?}\\
+        \textbf{Galley et al., 2004, In Proc. of HLT-NAACL}
+        \item \textbf{Scalable Inference and Training of Context-Rich Syntactic Translation Models}\\
+        \textbf{Galley et al., 2006, In Proc. of ACL}
+        \item \textbf{Tree-to-String Alignment Template for Statistical Machine Translation}\\
+        \textbf{Liu et al., 2006, In Proc. of ACL}
+	\end{itemize}
+\end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+%%%------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 \subsection{基于树结构的文法}
 
 %%%------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Section04-Phrasal-and-Syntactic-Models/section04.tex

@@ -1892,6 +1892,100 @@ d = r_1 \circ r_2 \circ r_3 \circ r_4
 
 \end{frame}
 
+
+%%%------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+%%%  句法树(层次短语)
+\begin{frame}{层次短语规则推导的句法树表示}
+\begin{itemize}
+\item 层次短语规则的使用本质上是对(源语)句子建立树状结构，这反应了文法对于字符串分析得到的推导\\
+\vspace{-0.4em}
+\begin{displaymath}
+\visible<2->{d = r_3}\visible<3->{\circ r_1}\visible<4->{ \circ r_4}\visible<5->{ \circ r_2}\visible<6->{ \circ r_5}\visible<7->{ \circ r_2}\visible<8->{ \circ r_7}\visible<9->{ \circ r_6}\visible<10->{ \circ r_2}
+\end{displaymath}
+\end{itemize}
+
+\vspace{-1em}
+\begin{center}
+\begin{tikzpicture}
+{\scriptsize
+\begin{scope}[sibling distance=0pt, level distance = 27pt]
+{\scriptsize
+\Tree[.\node(n1){\textbf{S}};
+        [.\node(n2){\textbf{S}};
+	        [.\node(n3){\textbf{S}};
+		        [.\node(n4){\textbf{S}};
+		            [.\node(n5){\textbf{X}}; \node(cw1){但}; ]
+		        ]
+		        [.\node(n6){\textbf{X}}; \node(cw2){美国}; ]
+		    ]
+	        [.\node(n7){\textbf{X}};
+	            [. \node(cw3){并没有}; ]
+	            [. \node(cw4){执行}; ]
+	        ]
+        ]
+        [.\node(n8){\textbf{X}};
+            [. \node(cw5){世贸}; ]
+            [.\node(n9){\textbf{X}};
+                [. \node(cw6){组织}; ]
+                [. \node(cw7){的}; ]
+            ]
+            [. \node(cw8){裁决}; ]
+        ]
+     ]
+
+\node<10->[circle, inner sep = 0.5pt, fill=blue!90!white, anchor = west] (l1) at ([xshift=-0.3em]n1.north east) {{\color{white} \tiny{$r_2$}}};
+\node<7->[circle, inner sep = 0.5pt, fill=blue!90!white, anchor = east] (l2) at ([xshift=0.3em]n2.north west) {{\color{white} \tiny{$r_2$}}};
+\node<5->[circle, inner sep = 0.5pt, fill=blue!90!white, anchor = east] (l2) at ([xshift=0.3em]n3.north west) {{\color{white} \tiny{$r_2$}}};
+\node<3->[circle, inner sep = 0.5pt, fill=blue!90!white, anchor = east] (l2) at ([xshift=0.3em]n4.north west) {{\color{white} \tiny{$r_1$}}};
+\visible<2->{\node[circle, inner sep = 0.5pt, fill=blue!90!white, anchor = east] (l2) at ([xshift=0.3em]n5.north west) {{\color{white} \tiny{$r_3$}}};}
+\node<4->[circle, inner sep = 0.5pt, fill=blue!90!white, anchor = west] (l1) at ([xshift=-0.3em]n6.south east) {{\color{white} \tiny{$r_4$}}};
+\node<6->[circle, inner sep = 0.5pt, fill=blue!90!white, anchor = west] (l1) at ([xshift=-0.3em]n7.north east) {{\color{white} \tiny{$r_5$}}};
+\node<9->[circle, inner sep = 0.5pt, fill=blue!90!white, anchor = west] (l1) at ([xshift=-0.3em]n8.north east) {{\color{white} \tiny{$r_6$}}};
+\node<8->[circle, inner sep = 0.5pt, fill=blue!90!white, anchor = west] (l1) at ([xshift=-0.3em]n9.north east) {{\color{white} \tiny{$r_7$}}};
+
+}
+\end{scope}
+
+\begin{scope}[xshift = 1.8in, yshift = 0.1in]
+\node (rules) {\textbf{层次短语翻译规则:}};
+\draw[-] (rules.south west)--([xshift=1.8in]rules.south west);
+
+\node[anchor=north west] (r1) at ([yshift=-0.2em]rules.south west) {$r_1$};
+\node[anchor=west] (rc1) at ([xshift=0.0em]r1.east) {$\textrm{S} \; \to \; \langle\ \textrm{X}_1, \; \; \textrm{X}_1\ \rangle$};
+
+\node[anchor=north west] (r2) at ([yshift=-0.4em]r1.south west) {$r_2$};
+\node[anchor=west] (rc2) at ([xshift=0em]r2.east) {$\textrm{S} \; \to \; \langle\  \textrm{S}_1 \; \textrm{X}_2, \; \; \textrm{S}_1 \; \textrm{X}_2\ \rangle$};
+
+\node[anchor=north west] (r3) at ([yshift=-0.4em]r2.south west) {$r_3$};
+\node[anchor=west] (rc3) at ([xshift=0em]r3.east) {$\textrm{X} \; \to \; \langle\  \text{但}, \; \; \text{but}\ \rangle$};
+
+\node[anchor=north west] (r4) at ([yshift=-0.4em]r3.south west) {$r_4$};
+\node[anchor=west] (rc4) at ([xshift=0em]r4.east) {$\textrm{X} \; \to \; \langle\  \text{美国}, \; \; \text{the U.S.}\ \rangle$};
+
+\node[anchor=north west] (r5) at ([yshift=-0.4em]r4.south west) {$r_5$};
+\node[anchor=west] (rc5) at ([xshift=0em]r5.east) {$\textrm{X} \; \to \; \langle\  \text{并没有} \; \text{执行}, \; \; \text{}$};
+
+\node[anchor=north west] (r52) at ([yshift=-0.4em]r5.south west) {{\color{white} $r_5$}};
+\node[anchor=west] (rc52) at ([xshift=2.9em]r52.east) {$\text{has not implemented}\ \rangle$};
+
+\node[anchor=north west] (r6) at ([yshift=-0.4em]r52.south west) {$r_6$};
+\node[anchor=west] (rc6) at ([xshift=0em]r6.east) {$\textrm{X} \; \to \; \langle\ \text{世贸} \; \textrm{X}_1 \; \text{裁决}, $};
+
+\node[anchor=north west] (r61) at ([yshift=-0.4em]r6.south west) {{\color{white} $r_6$}};
+\node[anchor=west] (rc61) at ([xshift=2.9em]r61.east) {$\text{the decision} \; \textrm{X}_1 \; \text{the WTO}\ \rangle$};
+
+\node[anchor=north west] (r7) at ([yshift=-0.4em]r61.south west) {$r_7$};
+\node[anchor=west] (rc7) at ([xshift=0em]r7.east) {$\textrm{X} \; \to \; \langle\ \text{组织 的}, \; \; \text{of}\ \rangle$};
+
+
+\end{scope}
+
+}
+\end{tikzpicture}
+\end{center}
+
+\end{frame}
+
 %%%------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 \subsection{基于树结构的文法}