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合并分支 'caorunzhe' 到 'master' 

update chapter3

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Book/Chapter3/Figures/figure-human-translation.tex
...@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ ...@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
\node [anchor=west] (s1) at (0,0) {{我}}; \node [anchor=west] (s1) at (0,0) {{我}};
\node [anchor=west] (s2) at ([xshift=2em]s1.east) {{对}}; \node [anchor=west] (s2) at ([xshift=2em]s1.east) {{对}};
\node [anchor=west] (s3) at ([xshift=2em]s2.east) {{你}}; \node [anchor=west] (s3) at ([xshift=2em]s2.east) {{你}};
\node [anchor=west] (s4) at ([xshift=2em]s3.east) {{表示}}; \node [anchor=west] (s4) at ([xshift=2em]s3.east) {{感到}};
\node [anchor=west] (s5) at ([xshift=2em]s4.east) {{满意}}; \node [anchor=west] (s5) at ([xshift=2em]s4.east) {{满意}};
\node [anchor=south west] (sentlabel) at ([yshift=-0.5em]s1.north west) {\scriptsize{\sffamily\bfseries{\color{red}{待翻译句子(已经分词):}}}}; \node [anchor=south west] (sentlabel) at ([yshift=-0.5em]s1.north west) {\scriptsize{\sffamily\bfseries{\color{red}{待翻译句子(已经分词):}}}};
...@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ ...@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@
\node [anchor=north west,inner sep=1pt,fill=black] (tl31) at (t31.north west) {\tiny{{\color{white} \textbf{3}}}}; \node [anchor=north west,inner sep=1pt,fill=black] (tl31) at (t31.north west) {\tiny{{\color{white} \textbf{3}}}};
\node [anchor=north,inner sep=2pt,fill=orange!20,minimum height=1.5em,minimum width=3em] (t41) at ([yshift=-1em]s4.south) {$\phi$}; \node [anchor=north,inner sep=2pt,fill=orange!20,minimum height=1.5em,minimum width=3em] (t41) at ([yshift=-1em]s4.south) {$\phi$};
\node [anchor=north,inner sep=2pt,fill=orange!20,minimum height=1.5em,minimum width=3em] (t42) at ([yshift=-0.2em]t41.south) {show}; \node [anchor=north,inner sep=2pt,fill=orange!20,minimum height=1.5em,minimum width=3em] (t42) at ([yshift=-0.2em]t41.south) {feel};
\node [anchor=north west,inner sep=1pt,fill=black] (tl41) at (t41.north west) {\tiny{{\color{white} \textbf{4}}}}; \node [anchor=north west,inner sep=1pt,fill=black] (tl41) at (t41.north west) {\tiny{{\color{white} \textbf{4}}}};
\node [anchor=north west,inner sep=1pt,fill=black] (tl42) at (t42.north west) {\tiny{{\color{white} \textbf{4}}}}; \node [anchor=north west,inner sep=1pt,fill=black] (tl42) at (t42.north west) {\tiny{{\color{white} \textbf{4}}}};
......
Book/Chapter3/Figures/figure-noise-channel-model.tex
...@@ -9,7 +9,8 @@ ...@@ -9,7 +9,8 @@
\node [draw,red,fill=red!10,thick,anchor=center,circle,inner sep=3.5pt] (s) at (0,0) {\black{$\mathbf{s}$}}; \node [draw,red,fill=red!10,thick,anchor=center,circle,inner sep=3.5pt] (s) at (0,0) {\black{$\mathbf{s}$}};
\node [draw,ublue,fill=blue!10,thick,anchor=center,circle,inner sep=3.3pt] (t) at ([xshift=1.5in]s.east) {\black{$\mathbf{t}$}}; \node [draw,ublue,fill=blue!10,thick,anchor=center,circle,inner sep=3.3pt] (t) at ([xshift=1.5in]s.east) {\black{$\mathbf{t}$}};
\draw [<->,thick,] (s.east) -- (t.west) node [pos=0.5,draw,fill=white] {噪声信道}; \draw [->,thick,] (s.east) -- (t.west) node [pos=0.5,draw,fill=white] {噪声信道};
\draw[->,thick](s.east) -- ([xshift=2.2em]s.east);
\node [anchor=east] at (s.west) {\scriptsize{信宿}}; \node [anchor=east] at (s.west) {\scriptsize{信宿}};
\node [anchor=west] at (t.east) {\scriptsize{信源}}; \node [anchor=west] at (t.east) {\scriptsize{信源}};
......
Book/Chapter3/Figures/figure-process-of-machine-translation.tex
...@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ ...@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
\node [anchor=west] (s1) at (0,0) {{我}}; \node [anchor=west] (s1) at (0,0) {{我}};
\node [anchor=west] (s2) at ([xshift=2em]s1.east) {{对}}; \node [anchor=west] (s2) at ([xshift=2em]s1.east) {{对}};
\node [anchor=west] (s3) at ([xshift=2em]s2.east) {{你}}; \node [anchor=west] (s3) at ([xshift=2em]s2.east) {{你}};
\node [anchor=west] (s4) at ([xshift=2em]s3.east) {{表示}}; \node [anchor=west] (s4) at ([xshift=2em]s3.east) {{感到}};
\node [anchor=west] (s5) at ([xshift=2em]s4.east) {{满意}}; \node [anchor=west] (s5) at ([xshift=2em]s4.east) {{满意}};
\node [anchor=south west] (sentlabel) at ([yshift=-0.5em]s1.north west) {\scriptsize{{\color{red}{待翻译句子(已经分词):}}}}; \node [anchor=south west] (sentlabel) at ([yshift=-0.5em]s1.north west) {\scriptsize{{\color{red}{待翻译句子(已经分词):}}}};
...@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ ...@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@
\node [anchor=north west,inner sep=1pt,fill=black] (tl31) at (t31.north west) {\tiny{{\color{white} \textbf{3}}}}; \node [anchor=north west,inner sep=1pt,fill=black] (tl31) at (t31.north west) {\tiny{{\color{white} \textbf{3}}}};
\node [anchor=north,inner sep=2pt,fill=orange!20,minimum height=1.5em,minimum width=3em] (t41) at ([yshift=-1em]s4.south) {$\phi$}; \node [anchor=north,inner sep=2pt,fill=orange!20,minimum height=1.5em,minimum width=3em] (t41) at ([yshift=-1em]s4.south) {$\phi$};
\node [anchor=north,inner sep=2pt,fill=orange!20,minimum height=1.5em,minimum width=3em] (t42) at ([yshift=-0.2em]t41.south) {show}; \node [anchor=north,inner sep=2pt,fill=orange!20,minimum height=1.5em,minimum width=3em] (t42) at ([yshift=-0.2em]t41.south) {feel};
\node [anchor=north west,inner sep=1pt,fill=black] (tl41) at (t41.north west) {\tiny{{\color{white} \textbf{4}}}}; \node [anchor=north west,inner sep=1pt,fill=black] (tl41) at (t41.north west) {\tiny{{\color{white} \textbf{4}}}};
\node [anchor=north west,inner sep=1pt,fill=black] (tl42) at (t42.north west) {\tiny{{\color{white} \textbf{4}}}}; \node [anchor=north west,inner sep=1pt,fill=black] (tl42) at (t42.north west) {\tiny{{\color{white} \textbf{4}}}};
......
Book/Chapter3/Figures/greedy-mt-decoding-process-1.tex
...@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ ...@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
\node [anchor=west] (s1) at (0,0) {{我}}; \node [anchor=west] (s1) at (0,0) {{我}};
\node [anchor=west] (s2) at ([xshift=3em]s1.east) {{对}}; \node [anchor=west] (s2) at ([xshift=3em]s1.east) {{对}};
\node [anchor=west] (s3) at ([xshift=3em]s2.east) {{你}}; \node [anchor=west] (s3) at ([xshift=3em]s2.east) {{你}};
\node [anchor=west] (s4) at ([xshift=2.5em]s3.east) {{表示}}; \node [anchor=west] (s4) at ([xshift=2.5em]s3.east) {{感到}};
\node [anchor=west] (s5) at ([xshift=2.5em]s4.east) {{满意}}; \node [anchor=west] (s5) at ([xshift=2.5em]s4.east) {{满意}};
\node [anchor=south west,inner sep=1pt] (sentlabel) at ([yshift=0.3em]s1.north west) {\scriptsize{{输入: 待翻译句子(已经分词)}}}; \node [anchor=south west,inner sep=1pt] (sentlabel) at ([yshift=0.3em]s1.north west) {\scriptsize{{输入: 待翻译句子(已经分词)}}};
...@@ -53,8 +53,8 @@ ...@@ -53,8 +53,8 @@
{ {
\node [anchor=north,inner sep=2pt,fill=orange!20,minimum height=1.5em,minimum width=3.5em] (t41) at ([yshift=-1.3em]s4.south) {$\phi$}; \node [anchor=north,inner sep=2pt,fill=orange!20,minimum height=1.5em,minimum width=3.5em] (t41) at ([yshift=-1.3em]s4.south) {$\phi$};
\node [anchor=north,inner sep=2pt,fill=orange!20,minimum height=1.5em,minimum width=3.5em] (t42) at ([yshift=-0.2em]t41.south) {show}; \node [anchor=north,inner sep=2pt,fill=orange!20,minimum height=1.5em,minimum width=3.5em] (t42) at ([yshift=-0.2em]t41.south) {feel};
\node [anchor=north,inner sep=2pt,fill=orange!20,minimum height=1.5em,minimum width=3.5em] (t43) at ([yshift=-0.2em]t42.south) {shows}; \node [anchor=north,inner sep=2pt,fill=orange!20,minimum height=1.5em,minimum width=3.5em] (t43) at ([yshift=-0.2em]t42.south) {feels};
} }
{ {
...@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ ...@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@
\node [anchor=west] (s1) at (0,0) {{我}}; \node [anchor=west] (s1) at (0,0) {{我}};
\node [anchor=west] (s2) at ([xshift=3em]s1.east) {{对}}; \node [anchor=west] (s2) at ([xshift=3em]s1.east) {{对}};
\node [anchor=west] (s3) at ([xshift=3em]s2.east) {{你}}; \node [anchor=west] (s3) at ([xshift=3em]s2.east) {{你}};
\node [anchor=west] (s4) at ([xshift=2.5em]s3.east) {{表示}}; \node [anchor=west] (s4) at ([xshift=2.5em]s3.east) {{感到}};
\node [anchor=west] (s5) at ([xshift=2.5em]s4.east) {{满意}}; \node [anchor=west] (s5) at ([xshift=2.5em]s4.east) {{满意}};
\node [anchor=south west,inner sep=1pt] (sentlabel) at ([yshift=0.3em]s1.north west) {\scriptsize{{输入: 待翻译句子(已经分词)}}}; \node [anchor=south west,inner sep=1pt] (sentlabel) at ([yshift=0.3em]s1.north west) {\scriptsize{{输入: 待翻译句子(已经分词)}}};
...@@ -160,8 +160,8 @@ ...@@ -160,8 +160,8 @@
{ {
\node [anchor=north,inner sep=2pt,fill=orange!20,minimum height=1.5em,minimum width=3.5em] (t41) at ([yshift=-1.3em]s4.south) {$\phi$}; \node [anchor=north,inner sep=2pt,fill=orange!20,minimum height=1.5em,minimum width=3.5em] (t41) at ([yshift=-1.3em]s4.south) {$\phi$};
\node [anchor=north,inner sep=2pt,fill=orange!20,minimum height=1.5em,minimum width=3.5em] (t42) at ([yshift=-0.2em]t41.south) {show}; \node [anchor=north,inner sep=2pt,fill=orange!20,minimum height=1.5em,minimum width=3.5em] (t42) at ([yshift=-0.2em]t41.south) {feel};
\node [anchor=north,inner sep=2pt,fill=orange!20,minimum height=1.5em,minimum width=3.5em] (t43) at ([yshift=-0.2em]t42.south) {shows}; \node [anchor=north,inner sep=2pt,fill=orange!20,minimum height=1.5em,minimum width=3.5em] (t43) at ([yshift=-0.2em]t42.south) {feels};
} }
......
Book/Chapter3/Figures/greedy-mt-decoding-process-3.tex
...@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ ...@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
\node [anchor=west] (s1) at (0,0) {{我}}; \node [anchor=west] (s1) at (0,0) {{我}};
\node [anchor=west] (s2) at ([xshift=3em]s1.east) {{对}}; \node [anchor=west] (s2) at ([xshift=3em]s1.east) {{对}};
\node [anchor=west] (s3) at ([xshift=3em]s2.east) {{你}}; \node [anchor=west] (s3) at ([xshift=3em]s2.east) {{你}};
\node [anchor=west] (s4) at ([xshift=2.5em]s3.east) {{表示}}; \node [anchor=west] (s4) at ([xshift=2.5em]s3.east) {{感到}};
\node [anchor=west] (s5) at ([xshift=2.5em]s4.east) {{满意}}; \node [anchor=west] (s5) at ([xshift=2.5em]s4.east) {{满意}};
\node [anchor=south west,inner sep=1pt] (sentlabel) at ([yshift=0.3em]s1.north west) {\scriptsize{{输入: 待翻译句子(已经分词)}}}; \node [anchor=south west,inner sep=1pt] (sentlabel) at ([yshift=0.3em]s1.north west) {\scriptsize{{输入: 待翻译句子(已经分词)}}};
...@@ -50,8 +50,8 @@ ...@@ -50,8 +50,8 @@
{ {
\node [anchor=north,inner sep=2pt,fill=orange!20,minimum height=1.5em,minimum width=3.5em] (t41) at ([yshift=-1.3em]s4.south) {$\phi$}; \node [anchor=north,inner sep=2pt,fill=orange!20,minimum height=1.5em,minimum width=3.5em] (t41) at ([yshift=-1.3em]s4.south) {$\phi$};
\node [anchor=north,inner sep=2pt,fill=orange!20,minimum height=1.5em,minimum width=3.5em] (t42) at ([yshift=-0.2em]t41.south) {show}; \node [anchor=north,inner sep=2pt,fill=orange!20,minimum height=1.5em,minimum width=3.5em] (t42) at ([yshift=-0.2em]t41.south) {feel};
\node [anchor=north,inner sep=2pt,fill=orange!20,minimum height=1.5em,minimum width=3.5em] (t43) at ([yshift=-0.2em]t42.south) {shows}; \node [anchor=north,inner sep=2pt,fill=orange!20,minimum height=1.5em,minimum width=3.5em] (t43) at ([yshift=-0.2em]t42.south) {feels};
} }
...@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ ...@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@
\node [anchor=west] (s1) at (0,0) {{我}}; \node [anchor=west] (s1) at (0,0) {{我}};
\node [anchor=west] (s2) at ([xshift=3em]s1.east) {{对}}; \node [anchor=west] (s2) at ([xshift=3em]s1.east) {{对}};
\node [anchor=west] (s3) at ([xshift=3em]s2.east) {{你}}; \node [anchor=west] (s3) at ([xshift=3em]s2.east) {{你}};
\node [anchor=west] (s4) at ([xshift=2.5em]s3.east) {{表示}}; \node [anchor=west] (s4) at ([xshift=2.5em]s3.east) {{感到}};
\node [anchor=west] (s5) at ([xshift=2.5em]s4.east) {{满意}}; \node [anchor=west] (s5) at ([xshift=2.5em]s4.east) {{满意}};
\node [anchor=south west,inner sep=1pt] (sentlabel) at ([yshift=0.3em]s1.north west) {\scriptsize{{输入: 待翻译句子(已经分词)}}}; \node [anchor=south west,inner sep=1pt] (sentlabel) at ([yshift=0.3em]s1.north west) {\scriptsize{{输入: 待翻译句子(已经分词)}}};
...@@ -215,8 +215,8 @@ ...@@ -215,8 +215,8 @@
{ {
\node [anchor=north,inner sep=2pt,fill=orange!20,minimum height=1.5em,minimum width=3.5em] (t41) at ([yshift=-1.3em]s4.south) {$\phi$}; \node [anchor=north,inner sep=2pt,fill=orange!20,minimum height=1.5em,minimum width=3.5em] (t41) at ([yshift=-1.3em]s4.south) {$\phi$};
\node [anchor=north,inner sep=2pt,fill=orange!20,minimum height=1.5em,minimum width=3.5em] (t42) at ([yshift=-0.2em]t41.south) {show}; \node [anchor=north,inner sep=2pt,fill=orange!20,minimum height=1.5em,minimum width=3.5em] (t42) at ([yshift=-0.2em]t41.south) {feel};
\node [anchor=north,inner sep=2pt,fill=orange!20,minimum height=1.5em,minimum width=3.5em] (t43) at ([yshift=-0.2em]t42.south) {shows}; \node [anchor=north,inner sep=2pt,fill=orange!20,minimum height=1.5em,minimum width=3.5em] (t43) at ([yshift=-0.2em]t42.south) {feels};
} }
......
Book/Chapter3/chapter3.tex
...@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ ...@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@
%---------------------------------------------- %----------------------------------------------
\vspace{-0.2em} \vspace{-0.2em}
\parinterval 图\ref{fig:3-3}展示了人在翻译``我 对 你表示 满意''时可能会思考的内容。具体来说，有如下两方面内容。 \parinterval 图\ref{fig:3-3}展示了人在翻译``我\;对\;你\;感到\;满意''时可能会思考的内容。具体来说，有如下两方面内容。
\begin{itemize} \begin{itemize}
\vspace{0.5em} \vspace{0.5em}
...@@ -243,9 +243,9 @@ ...@@ -243,9 +243,9 @@
\begin{example} \begin{example}
一个汉英互译的句对 一个汉英互译的句对
\qquad\qquad\quad $\mathbf{s}$ = 机器\quad {\color{red}翻译}\; 就\; 是\; 用\; 计算机\; 来\; 进行\; {\color{red}翻译} $\mathbf{s}$ = 机器\quad {\color{red}翻译}\; 就\; 是\; 用\; 计算机\; 来\; 生成\; {\color{red}翻译}\; 的\; 过程
\qquad\qquad\quad $\mathbf{t}$ = machine\; {\color{red}translation}\; is\; just\; {\color{red}translation}\; by\; computer $\mathbf{t}$ = machine\; {\color{red}translation}\; is\; a\; process\; of\; generating\; a\; {\color{red}translation}\; by\; computer
\label{eg:3-1} \label{eg:3-1}
\end{example} \end{example}
...@@ -253,14 +253,14 @@ ...@@ -253,14 +253,14 @@
\begin{eqnarray} \begin{eqnarray}
\textrm{P}(\text{``翻译''},\text{``translation''}; \mathbf{s},\mathbf{t}) & = & \frac{c(\textrm{``翻译''},\textrm{``translation''};\mathbf{s},\mathbf{t})}{\sum_{x',y'} c(x',y';\mathbf{s},\mathbf{t})} \nonumber \\ \textrm{P}(\text{``翻译''},\text{``translation''}; \mathbf{s},\mathbf{t}) & = & \frac{c(\textrm{``翻译''},\textrm{``translation''};\mathbf{s},\mathbf{t})}{\sum_{x',y'} c(x',y';\mathbf{s},\mathbf{t})} \nonumber \\
& = & \frac{4}{|\mathbf{s}|\times |\mathbf{t}|} \nonumber \\ & = & \frac{4}{|\mathbf{s}|\times |\mathbf{t}|} \nonumber \\
& = & \frac{4}{63} & = & \frac{4}{121}
\label{eq:3-2} \label{eq:3-2}
\end{eqnarray} \end{eqnarray}
\noindent 这里运算$|\cdot|$表示句子长度。类似的，可以得到``机器''和``translation''、``机器''和``look''的单词翻译概率： \noindent 这里运算$|\cdot|$表示句子长度。类似的，可以得到``机器''和``translation''、``机器''和``look''的单词翻译概率：
\begin{eqnarray} \begin{eqnarray}
\textrm{P}(\text{``机器''},\text{``translation''}; \mathbf{s},\mathbf{t}) & = & \frac{2}{63} \\ \textrm{P}(\text{``机器''},\text{``translation''}; \mathbf{s},\mathbf{t}) & = & \frac{2}{121} \\
\textrm{P}(\text{``机器''},\text{``look''}; \mathbf{s},\mathbf{t}) & = & \frac{0}{63} \textrm{P}(\text{``机器''},\text{``look''}; \mathbf{s},\mathbf{t}) & = & \frac{0}{121}
\label{eq:3-3} \label{eq:3-3}
\end{eqnarray} \end{eqnarray}
...@@ -283,13 +283,13 @@ ...@@ -283,13 +283,13 @@
\begin{example} \begin{example}
两个汉英互译的句对 两个汉英互译的句对
\qquad\qquad \; $\mathbf{s}^1$ = 机器\quad {\color{red}翻译}\; 就\; 是\; 用\; 计算机\; 来\; 进行\; {\color{red}翻译} $\mathbf{s}^{[1]}$ = 机器\quad {\color{red}翻译}\; 就\; 是\; 用\; 计算机\; 来\; 生成\; {\color{red}翻译}\; 的\; 过程
\qquad\qquad\; $\mathbf{s}^1$ = Machine\; {\color{red}translation}\; is\; just\; {\color{red}translation}\; by\; computer $\mathbf{t}^{[1]}$ = machine\; {\color{red}translation}\; is\; a\; process\; of\; generating\; a\; {\color{red}translation}\; by\; computer
\qquad\qquad\; $\mathbf{s}^2$ = 那\quad 人工\quad {\color{red}翻译}\quad 呢\quad ? $\mathbf{s}^{[2]}$ = 那\quad 人工\quad {\color{red}翻译}\quad 呢\quad ?
\qquad\qquad\; $\mathbf{t}^2$ = So\; ,\; what\; is\; human\; {\color{red}translation}\; ? $\mathbf{t}^{[2]}$ = So\; ,\; what\; is\; human\; {\color{red}translation}\; ?
\label{eg:3-2} \label{eg:3-2}
\end{example} \end{example}
...@@ -298,8 +298,8 @@ ...@@ -298,8 +298,8 @@
\begin{eqnarray} \begin{eqnarray}
{\textrm{P}(\textrm{``翻译''},\textrm{``translation''})} & = & {\frac{c(\textrm{``翻译''},\textrm{``translation''};\mathbf{s}^{[1]},\mathbf{t}^{[1]})+c(\textrm{``翻译''},\textrm{``translation''};\mathbf{s}^{[2]},\mathbf{t}^{[2]})}{\sum_{x',y'} c(x',y';\mathbf{s}^{[1]},\mathbf{t}^{[1]}) + \sum_{x',y'} c(x',y';\mathbf{s}^{[2]},\mathbf{t}^{[2]})}} \nonumber \\ {\textrm{P}(\textrm{``翻译''},\textrm{``translation''})} & = & {\frac{c(\textrm{``翻译''},\textrm{``translation''};\mathbf{s}^{[1]},\mathbf{t}^{[1]})+c(\textrm{``翻译''},\textrm{``translation''};\mathbf{s}^{[2]},\mathbf{t}^{[2]})}{\sum_{x',y'} c(x',y';\mathbf{s}^{[1]},\mathbf{t}^{[1]}) + \sum_{x',y'} c(x',y';\mathbf{s}^{[2]},\mathbf{t}^{[2]})}} \nonumber \\
& = & \frac{4 + 1}{|\mathbf{s}^{[1]}| \times |\mathbf{t}^{[1]}| + |\mathbf{s}^{[2]}| \times |\mathbf{t}^{[2]}|} \nonumber \\ & = & \frac{4 + 1}{|\mathbf{s}^{[1]}| \times |\mathbf{t}^{[1]}| + |\mathbf{s}^{[2]}| \times |\mathbf{t}^{[2]}|} \nonumber \\
& = & \frac{4 + 1}{9 \times 7 + 5 \times 7} \nonumber \\ & = & \frac{4 + 1}{11 \times 11 + 5 \times 7} \nonumber \\
& = & \frac{5}{98} & = & \frac{5}{156}
\label{eq:3-5} \label{eq:3-5}
\end{eqnarray} \end{eqnarray}
} }
......
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