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add chapter 4

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Book/Chapter4/Figures/an-example-of-phrase-system.tex 0 → 100644
%%%------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%%% 短语系统的问题 - 一个实例
\begin{center}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{scope}
\node [anchor=east] (shead) at (0,0) {源语:};
\node [anchor=west] (swords) at (shead.east) {澳洲\ \ 是\ \ 与\ \ 北韩\ \ 有\ \ 邦交\ \ 的\ \ 少数\ \ 国家\ \ 之一};
\node [anchor=north east] (thead) at ([yshift=-0.8em]shead.south east) {短语系统:};
\node [anchor=west] (twords) at (thead.east) {Australia is diplomatic relations with North Korea};
\node [anchor=north west] (twords2) at ([yshift=-0.2em]twords.south west) {is one of the few countries};
\node [anchor=north east] (rhead) at ([yshift=-2.2em]thead.south east) {参考译文:};
\node [anchor=west] (rwords) at (rhead.east) {Australia is one of the few countries that have};
\node [anchor=north west] (rwords2) at ([yshift=-0.2em]rwords.south west) {diplomatic relations with North Korea};
\begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
{
\draw[fill=red!20,draw=white] ([xshift=-5.4em]twords.north) rectangle ([xshift=10.8em]twords.south);
\draw[fill=blue!20,draw=white] ([xshift=-4.6em]twords2.north) rectangle ([xshift=6.1em]twords2.south);
\node [anchor=south east,inner sep=1pt,fill=black] (l1) at ([xshift=10.8em]twords.south) {\tiny{{\color{white} 1}}};
\node [anchor=south east,inner sep=1pt,fill=black] (l2) at ([xshift=6.1em]twords2.south) {\tiny{{\color{white} 2}}};
}
\end{pgfonlayer}
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{center}
Book/Chapter4/Figures/based-on-tree-structure-generate-sentence-pairs.tex 0 → 100644
%%%------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%%% 规则的组装对应翻译过程
\begin{tikzpicture}
% target side
\begin{scope}[xshift=-1em, level distance=25pt]
\node[scale=0.8] at (1.5, 2.2) {目标语言};
\node[scale=0.6, inner sep=0.1cm, draw,xshift=1em] (tfrag1) at
(0,0.05) {\Tree[.NP [.DT the ] [.NNS imports ]]};
{
\node[scale=0.6, inner sep=0.1cm, draw, sibling distance=100pt] (tfrag2) at
(1.4,1.4) {\Tree[.S [.NP ] [.VP ]]};
}
{
\node[scale=0.6, inner sep=0.1cm, draw, sibling distance=30pt] (tfrag3) at
(3,-0.2) {\Tree[.VP [.VBZ have ] [.ADVP [.RB ] [.VBN fallen ]]]};
}
{
\node[scale=0.6, inner sep=0.1cm, draw,xshift=-1.5em] (tfrag4) at
(2.8,-1.8) {\Tree[.RB drastically ]};
}
{\draw[*-*] (0.15,0.7) -- (0.15,1.05);}
{\draw[*-*] (2.7,0.7) -- (2.7,1.05);}
{\draw[*-*] (2.4,-1.4) .. controls +(north:0.6) and +(south:0.6) .. (3.0,-0.6);}
\end{scope}
% source side
\begin{scope}[scale=0.8, level distance=25pt, xshift=-20em, yshift=1em]
\node[scale=0.8] at (2.1, 2.45) {源语言};
{
\node[scale=0.6, inner sep=0.1cm, draw] (sfrag1) at
(0,0) {\Tree[.NN 进口 ]};
}
{
\node[scale=0.6, inner sep=0.1cm, draw, sibling distance=135pt] (sfrag2) at
(2.0,1.4) {\Tree[.IP [.NN ] [.VP ]]};
}
{
\node[scale=0.6, inner sep=0.1cm, xshift=1em, draw] (sfrag3) at
(4,-0.7) {\Tree[.VP [.AD ] [.ADVP [.VV 下降 ] [.AS 了 ]]]};
}
{
\node[scale=0.6, inner sep=0.1cm, draw] (sfrag4) at
(1.3,-1.3) {\Tree[.AD 大幅度 ]};
}
{\draw[*-*] (0.05,0.5) -- (0.05,0.95);}
{\draw[*-*] (4.15,0.5) -- (4.15,0.95);}
{\draw[*-*] (1.55,-0.95) .. controls +(east:1.0) and +(south:0.4) .. (3.5,-0.6);}
\draw[*-*] (-0.2,-2.5)--(0.3,-2.5) ;
\node[scale=0.6] (sfrag5) at
([xshift=2em,yshift=-3.2em]sfrag4) {{表示对变量的替换操作}};
\end{scope}
% rule 1
\begin{scope}[scale=0.6, xshift=-22em, yshift=-11em, level distance=20pt]
\begin{scope}[anchor=north east, xshift=-6em] \Tree[.NN 进口 ] \end{scope}
\draw[->] (-1.7,0.1) -- (-0.9,0.1);
\begin{scope}[anchor=north west] \Tree[.NP [.DT the ] [.NNS imports ]] \end{scope}
\end{scope}
% rule 2
\begin{scope}[scale=0.6, xshift=-11em, yshift=-11em, level distance=20pt]
\begin{scope}[anchor=north east, xshift=-6em] \Tree[.AD 大幅度 ] \end{scope}
\draw[->] (-1.7,0.1) -- (-0.9,0.1);
\begin{scope}[anchor=north west] \Tree[.RB drastically ] \end{scope}
\end{scope}
% rule 3
\begin{scope}[scale=0.6, xshift=2em, yshift=-11em, level distance=20pt]
\begin{scope}[anchor=north east, xshift=-7em] \Tree[.VP [.AD ] [.ADVP [.VV 下降 ] [.AS 了 ]]] \end{scope}
\draw[->] (-1.7,0.1) -- (-0.9,0.1);
\begin{scope}[anchor=north west, xshift=1em] \Tree[.VP [.VBZ have ] [.ADVP [.RB ] [.VBN fallen ]]] \end{scope}
\end{scope}
% rule 4
\begin{scope}[scale=0.6, xshift=16em, yshift=-11em, level distance=20pt]
\begin{scope}[anchor=north east, xshift=-6em] \Tree[.IP [.NN ] [.VP ]] \end{scope}
\draw[->] (-1.7,0.1) -- (-0.9,0.1);
\begin{scope}[anchor=north west,xshift=-1em] \Tree[.S [.NP ] [.VP ]] \end{scope}
\end{scope}
% red rule 1
\begin{scope}[scale=0.6, xshift=-22em, yshift=-11em, level distance=20pt]
{
\begin{scope}[anchor=north east, xshift=-6em] \Tree[.NN 进口 ] \end{scope}
\draw[->] (-1.7,0.1) -- (-0.9,0.1);
\begin{scope}[anchor=north west] \Tree[.NP [.DT the ] [.NNS imports ]] \end{scope}
}
\end{scope}
{
% red rule 2
\begin{scope}[scale=0.6, xshift=-11em, yshift=-11em, level distance=20pt]
\begin{scope}[anchor=north east, xshift=-6em] \Tree[.AD 大幅度 ] \end{scope}
\draw[->] (-1.7,0.1) -- (-0.9,0.1);
\begin{scope}[anchor=north west] \Tree[.RB drastically ] \end{scope}
\end{scope}
}
{
% red rule 3
\begin{scope}[scale=0.6, xshift=2em, yshift=-11em, level distance=20pt]
\begin{scope}[anchor=north east, xshift=-7em] \Tree[.VP [.AD ] [.ADVP [.VV 下降 ] [.AS 了 ]]] \end{scope}
\draw[->] (-1.7,0.1) -- (-0.9,0.1);
\begin{scope}[anchor=north west, xshift=1em] \Tree[.VP [.VBZ have ] [.ADVP [.RB ] [.VBN fallen ]]] \end{scope}
\end{scope}
}
{
% red rule 4
\begin{scope}[red, scale=0.6, xshift=16em, yshift=-11em, level distance=20pt]
\begin{scope}[anchor=north east, xshift=-6em] \Tree[.IP [.NN ] [.VP ]] \end{scope}
\draw[->] (-1.7,0.1) -- (-0.9,0.1);
\begin{scope}[anchor=north west,xshift=-1em] \Tree[.S [.NP ] [.VP ]] \end{scope}
\end{scope}
}
\end{tikzpicture}
\ No newline at end of file
Book/Chapter4/Figures/basic-process-of-translation.tex 0 → 100644
%%%------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%%% 什么是解码
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{scope}[minimum height = 18pt]
\node[anchor=east] (s0) at (-0.5em, 0) {$\textbf{s}$:};
\node[anchor=west,fill=green!20] (s1) at (0, 0) {\footnotesize{桌子 上}};
\node[anchor=west,fill=red!20] (s2) at ([xshift=1em]s1.east) {\footnotesize{有}};
\node[anchor=west,fill=blue!20] (s3) at ([xshift=1em]s2.east) {\footnotesize{一个 苹果}};
\node[anchor=east] (t0) at (-0.5em, -1.5) {$\textbf{t}$:};
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}[xshift=14.5em,minimum height = 18pt]
\node[anchor=east] (s0) at (-0.5em, 0) {$\textbf{s}$:};
\node[anchor=west,fill=green!20] (s1) at (0, 0) {\footnotesize{桌子 上}};
\node[anchor=west,fill=red!20] (s2) at ([xshift=1em]s1.east) {\footnotesize{有}};
\node[anchor=west,fill=blue!20] (s3) at ([xshift=1em]s2.east) {\footnotesize{一个 苹果}};
\node[anchor=east] (t0) at (-0.5em, -1.5) {$\textbf{t}$:};
{
\node[anchor=west,fill=red!20] (t1) at (0, -1.5) {\footnotesize{There is}};
\path[<->, thick] (s2.south) edge (t1.north);
}
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}[yshift=-6.0em,minimum height = 18pt]
\node[anchor=east] (s0) at (-0.5em, 0) {$\textbf{s}$:};
\node[anchor=west,fill=green!20] (s1) at (0, 0) {\footnotesize{桌子 上}};
\node[anchor=west,fill=red!20] (s2) at ([xshift=1em]s1.east) {\footnotesize{有}};
\node[anchor=west,fill=blue!20] (s3) at ([xshift=1em]s2.east) {\footnotesize{一个 苹果}};
\node[anchor=east] (t0) at (-0.5em, -1.5) {$\textbf{t}$:};
{
\node[anchor=west,fill=red!20] (t1) at (0, -1.5) {\footnotesize{There is}};
\path[<->, thick] (s2.south) edge (t1.north);
}
{
\node[anchor=west,fill=blue!20] (t2) at ([xshift=1em]t1.east) {\footnotesize{an apple}};
\path[<->, thick] (s3.south) edge (t2.north);
}
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}[xshift=14.5em,yshift=-6.0em,minimum height = 18pt]%[scale=0.5]
\node[anchor=east] (s0) at (-0.5em, 0) {$\textbf{s}$:};
\node[anchor=west,fill=green!20] (s1) at (0, 0) {\footnotesize{桌子 上}};
\node[anchor=west,fill=red!20] (s2) at ([xshift=1em]s1.east) {\footnotesize{有}};
\node[anchor=west,fill=blue!20] (s3) at ([xshift=1em]s2.east) {\footnotesize{一个 苹果}};
\node[anchor=east] (t0) at (-0.5em, -1.5) {$\textbf{t}$:};
{
\node[anchor=west,fill=red!20] (t1) at (0, -1.5) {\footnotesize{There is}};
\path[<->, thick] (s2.south) edge (t1.north);
}
{
\node[anchor=west,fill=blue!20] (t2) at ([xshift=1em]t1.east) {\footnotesize{an apple}};
\path[<->, thick] (s3.south) edge (t2.north);
}
{
\node[anchor=west,fill=green!20] (t3) at ([xshift=1em]t2.east) {\footnotesize{on the table}};
\path[<->, thick] (s1.south) edge (t3.north);
}
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
\ No newline at end of file
Book/Chapter4/Figures/chinese-syntax-tree.tex 0 → 100644
%%%------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%%% 短语 -> 句法
\begin{center}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{scope}[scale=0.8, sibling distance=1pt, level distance=30pt, yshift=-1.4in]
\Tree[. S
[.NP
[.NP
[.DT the ]
[.NN import ]
]
[.IN in ]
[.NP \edge[roof]; {North Korea} ]
]
[.VP
[.VBZ have ]
[.ADVP
[.RB drastically ]
[.VBN fallen ]
]
]
]
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{center}
\ No newline at end of file
Book/Chapter4/Figures/classification-of-models-based-on-syntax.tex 0 → 100644
%%%------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%%% 句法模型的分类
\begin{center}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{scope}
\tikzstyle{cnode} = [minimum width=7.0em,minimum height=2.5em,rounded corners=0.2em];
\tikzstyle{xnode} = [minimum width=4.5em,minimum height=2.5em,rounded corners=0.2em];
\node[xnode,anchor=west,fill=red!25,align=left] (itg) at (0,0) {\footnotesize{反向转录}\\\footnotesize{文法}};
\node[xnode,anchor=west,fill=red!25,align=left] (hiero) at ([xshift=0.5em]itg.east) {\footnotesize{层次短语}\\\footnotesize{模型}};
\node[xnode,anchor=west,fill=blue!25,align=left] (s2t) at ([xshift=0.5em]hiero.east) {\footnotesize{串到树}\\\footnotesize{模型}};
\node[xnode,anchor=west,fill=blue!25,align=left] (t2s) at ([xshift=0.5em]s2t.east) {\footnotesize{树到串}\\\footnotesize{模型}};
\node[xnode,anchor=west,fill=blue!25,align=left] (t2t) at ([xshift=0.5em]t2s.east) {\footnotesize{树到树}\\\footnotesize{模型}};
\node[cnode,anchor=south,fill=red!25,align=left] (cat1) at ([xshift=-0.2em,yshift=2em]hiero.north west) {\footnotesize{基于形式文法}\\\footnotesize{的模型}};
\node[cnode,anchor=south,fill=blue!25,align=left] (cat2) at ([xshift=-0.0em,yshift=2em]t2s.north) {\footnotesize{基于语言学}\\\footnotesize{句法的模型}};
\node[cnode,anchor=south,minimum width=10.0em,fill=green!25,align=center] (cat0) at ([xshift=-3em,yshift=2em]cat2.north west) {\footnotesize{(广义上)}\\\footnotesize{基于句法的模型}};
\draw [-,thick] ([yshift=0.1em,xshift=1em]cat1.north) -- ([xshift=-1.5em,yshift=-0.1em]cat0.south);
\draw [-,thick] ([yshift=0.1em,xshift=-1em]cat2.north) -- ([xshift=1.5em,yshift=-0.1em]cat0.south);
\draw [-,thick] ([yshift=0.1em]itg.north) -- ([xshift=-0.5em,yshift=-0.1em]cat1.south);
\draw [-,thick] ([yshift=0.1em]hiero.north) -- ([xshift=0.5em,yshift=-0.1em]cat1.south);
\draw [-,thick] ([yshift=0.1em]s2t.north) -- ([xshift=-0.8em,yshift=-0.1em]cat2.south);
\draw [-,thick] ([yshift=0.1em]t2s.north) -- ([xshift=-0.0em,yshift=-0.1em]cat2.south);
\draw [-,thick] ([yshift=0.1em]t2t.north) -- ([xshift=0.8em,yshift=-0.1em]cat2.south);
\node [anchor=north] (itglabel) at (itg.south) {\scriptsize{(Wu, 1995)}};
\node [anchor=north] (hierolabel) at (hiero.south) {\scriptsize{(Chiang, 2005)}};
\node [anchor=north,align=left] (s2tlabel) at (s2t.south) {\scriptsize{(Galley et al.,}\\\scriptsize{\ 2004; 2006)}};
\node [anchor=north,align=left] (t2slabel) at (t2s.south) {\scriptsize{(Liu et al.,}\\\scriptsize{\ 2006)}};
\node [anchor=north,align=left] (t2tlabel) at (t2t.south) {\scriptsize{(Eisner, 2003)}};
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{center}
\ No newline at end of file
Book/Chapter4/Figures/combination-of-translation-with-different-rules.tex 0 → 100644
%------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%%% 基于树的解码方法 - chart-based decoding
\begin{center}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{scope}%[scale=0.2]
\node[anchor=north] (q1) at (0,0) {\scriptsize\sffamily\bfseries{输入字符串：}};
\node[anchor=west] (q2) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-2em]q1.west) {\footnotesize{进口$\quad$和$\quad$出口$\quad$大幅度$\quad$下降$\quad$了}};
\node[anchor=north,fill=blue!20,minimum height=1em,minimum width=1em] (f1) at ([xshift=-4.1em,yshift=-0.8em]q2.south) {};
\node[anchor=north,fill=blue!20,minimum height=4em,minimum width=1em] (f1) at ([xshift=2.2em,yshift=-0.7em]q2.south) {};
\node[anchor=east] (n1) at ([xshift=1em,yshift=-2em]q2.west) {\scriptsize\sffamily\bfseries{匹配规则：}};
\node[anchor=west] (n2) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]n1.east) {\scriptsize{$\textrm{X} \to \langle\ \textrm{X}_1\ \text{大幅度}\ \text{下降}\ \text{了},\ \textrm{X}_1\ \textrm{have}\ \textrm{drastically}\ \textrm{fallen}\ \rangle$}};
\node[anchor=west] (n3) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-1.5em]n2.west) {\scriptsize{$\textrm{X} \to \langle\ \textrm{X}_1\ \text{大幅度}\ \text{下降}\ \text{了},\ \textrm{X}_1\ \textrm{have}\ \textrm{fallen}\ \textrm{drastically}\ \rangle$}};
\node[anchor=west] (n4) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-1.5em]n3.west) {\scriptsize{$\textrm{X} \to \langle\ \textrm{X}_1\ \text{大幅度}\ \text{下降}\ \text{了},\ \textrm{X}_1\ \textrm{has}\ \textrm{drastically}\ \textrm{fallen}\ \rangle$}};
\draw[decorate,decoration={mirror,brace}]([xshift=0.5em,yshift=-1em]q2.west) --([xshift=7em,yshift=-1em]q2.west) node [xshift=0em,yshift=-1em,align=center](label1) {};
{\scriptsize
\node[anchor=west] (h1) at ([xshift=1em,yshift=-12em]q2.west) {{Span[0,3]下的翻译假设：}};
\node[anchor=west] (h2) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-1.3em]h1.west) {{X: imports and exports}};
\node[anchor=west] (h6) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-1.3em]h2.west) {{S: the import and export}};
}
{\scriptsize
\node[anchor=west] (h21) at ([xshift=9em,yshift=2em]h1.east) {{替换$\textrm{X}_1$后生成的翻译假设：}};
\node[anchor=west] (h22) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-1.3em]h21.west) {{X: imports and exports have drastically fallen}};
\node[anchor=west] (h23) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-1.3em]h22.west) {{X: the import and export have drastically fallen}};
\node[anchor=west] (h24) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-1.3em]h23.west) {{X: imports and exports have drastically fallen}};
\node[anchor=west] (h25) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-1.3em]h24.west) {{X: the import and export have drastically fallen}};
\node[anchor=west] (h26) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-1.3em]h25.west) {{X: imports and exports has drastically fallen}};
\node[anchor=west] (h27) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-1.3em]h26.west) {{X: the import and export has drastically fallen}};
}
\node [rectangle,inner sep=0.1em,rounded corners=1pt,draw] [fit = (h1) (h5) (h6)] (gl1) {};
\node [rectangle,inner sep=0.1em,rounded corners=1pt,draw] [fit = (h21) (h27)] (gl2) {};
\draw [->,ublue,thick] ([xshift=0.6em,yshift=0.2em]n4.south) .. controls +(south:2em) and +(east:0em) .. ([xshift=-0em,yshift=2em]gl2.west);
\draw [->,ublue,thick] ([xshift=0em,yshift=1em]gl1.east) .. controls +(south:3em) and +(east:0em) .. ([xshift=-0em,yshift=1.6em]gl2.west);
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{center}
Book/Chapter4/Figures/combine-minimum-rule-1.tex 0 → 100644
%%%------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%%% 组合规则
\begin{minipage}[b]{0.35\textwidth}
{\footnotesize
\renewcommand*{\arraystretch}{1.3}
\begin{tabular}{l l}
{$r_1$} & {NP(PN(他)) $\to$ he} \\
{$r_5$} & {PP(P$_1$ NP$_2$) $\to$ P$_1$ NP$_2$} \\
{$r_6$} & {VP(PP$_1$ VP$_2$) $\to$ VP$_2$ PP$_1$} \\
{$r_7$} & {IP(NP$_1$ VP$_2$) $\to$ NP$_1$ VP$_2$} \\
{\red{$r_{1,7}$}} & {IP(NP(PN(他)) VP$_1$) $\to$} \\
& {he VP$_1$}\\
{\red{$r_{1,6}$}} & {IP(NP(PN(他)) VP(PP$_1$ VP$_2$))} \\
{\red{\ $^{,7}$}} & {$\to$ he VP$_2$ PP$_1$}\\
{\red{$r_{1,5}$}} & {IP(NP(PN(他)) } \\
{\red{\ $^{,6,7}$}} & {VP(P$_1$ NP$_2$ VP$_3$))}\\
& {$\to$ he VP$_3$ P$_1$ NP$_2$}\\
& \\
\end{tabular}
\renewcommand*{\arraystretch}{1.0}
}
\end{minipage}
Book/Chapter4/Figures/combine-minimum-rule-2.tex 0 → 100644
%%%------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%%% 组合规则
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.47\textwidth}
\begin{tikzpicture}
{\scriptsize
\begin{scope}
{
\begin{scope}[level distance=20pt]
\node[scale=0.8, inner sep=0.1cm,align=center,draw] (cfrag1) at
(0,0.25) {\Tree[.\node(sn1){NP}; [.\node(sn2){PN}; 他 ]]};
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}[level distance=20pt]
\node[scale=0.8, inner sep=0.1cm,align=center,anchor=south west,draw] (cfrag2) at
([xshift=1.2em]cfrag1.south east) {\Tree[.\node(sn3){P}; 对 ]};
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}[level distance=20pt]
\node[scale=0.8, inner sep=0.1cm,align=center,anchor=south west,draw] (cfrag3) at
([xshift=1.2em]cfrag2.south east) {\Tree[.\node(sn4){NP}; [.NN 回答 ]]};
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}[sibling distance=15pt,level distance=20pt]
\node[scale=0.8, inner sep=0.1cm,align=center,anchor=south west,draw] (cfrag4) at
([xshift=1.4em]cfrag3.south east) {\Tree[.\node(sn5){VP}; [.\node(sn6){VV}; 表示 ] [.\node(sn7){NN}; 满意 ]]};
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}[sibling distance=20pt,,level distance=25pt]
\node[scale=0.8, inner sep=0.1cm,align=center,anchor=south west,draw] (cfrag5) at
([xshift=0.3em,yshift=2.5em]cfrag2.north west) {\Tree[.\node(sn8){PP}; [.\node(sn9){P}; ] [.\node(sn10){NP}; ]]};
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}[sibling distance=60pt]
\node[scale=0.8, inner sep=0.1cm,align=center,anchor=south west,draw] (cfrag6) at
([xshift=1.6em,yshift=0.8em]cfrag5.north west) {\Tree[.\node(sn11){VP}; [.\node(sn12){PP}; ] [.\node(sn13){VP}; ]]};
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}[sibling distance=80pt,level distance=18pt]
\node[scale=0.8, inner sep=0.1cm,align=center,anchor=south east,draw] (cfrag7) at
([xshift=-3.6em,yshift=0.8em]cfrag6.north east) {\Tree[.\node(sn14){IP}; [.\node(sn15){NP}; ] [.\node(sn16){VP}; ]]};
\end{scope}
\node[scale=0.9,anchor=north,minimum size=18pt] (tw11) at ([xshift=-0.3em,yshift=-1.2em]cfrag1.south){he};
\node[scale=0.9,anchor=west,minimum size=18pt] (tw12) at ([yshift=-0.1em,xshift=0.5em]tw11.east){was};
\node[scale=0.9,anchor=west,minimum size=18pt] (tw13) at ([yshift=0.1em,xshift=0.5em]tw12.east){satisfied};
\node[scale=0.9,anchor=west,minimum size=18pt] (tw14) at ([xshift=0.5em]tw13.east){with};
\node[scale=0.9,anchor=west,minimum size=18pt] (tw15) at ([xshift=0.5em]tw14.east){the};
\node[scale=0.9,anchor=west,minimum size=18pt] (tw16) at ([yshift=-0.1em,xshift=0.5em]tw15.east){answer};
\draw[dashed] ([xshift=-0.3em]cfrag1.south) -- ([yshift=-0.3em]tw11.north);
\draw[dashed] (cfrag2.south) -- ([yshift=-0.4em]tw14.north);
\draw[dashed] (cfrag3.south) -- ([yshift=-0.4em]tw15.north);
\draw[dashed] (cfrag3.south) -- ([yshift=-0.4em]tw16.north);
\draw[dashed] (cfrag4.south) .. controls +(south:0.6) and +(north:0.6) .. ([yshift=-0.4em]tw13.north);
\draw[*-*] ([xshift=0.0em,yshift=-0.2em]cfrag1.north) -- ([xshift=0.0em,yshift=11.3em]cfrag1.north);
\draw[*-*] ([xshift=0.1em,yshift=-0.2em]cfrag2.north) -- ([xshift=0.1em,yshift=2.9em]cfrag2.north);
\draw[*-*] ([xshift=0.1em,yshift=-0.4em]cfrag3.north) -- ([xshift=0.1em,yshift=0.9em]cfrag3.north);
\draw[*-*] ([xshift=0.0em,yshift=-0.2em]cfrag4.north) -- ([xshift=0.0em,yshift=5.7em]cfrag4.north);
\draw[*-*] ([xshift=0.1em,yshift=-0.2em]cfrag5.north) -- ([xshift=0.1em,yshift=1em]cfrag5.north);
\draw[*-*] ([xshift=0.0em,yshift=-0.2em]cfrag6.north) -- ([xshift=0.0em,yshift=1em]cfrag6.north);
{
\node [fill=blue,circle,inner sep=2pt] (rlabel1) at (cfrag1.south east) {{\color{white} \tiny{1}}};
\draw[*-*,red,thick] ([xshift=0.0em,yshift=-0.2em]cfrag1.north) -- ([xshift=0.0em,yshift=11.3em]cfrag1.north);
}
{
\node [fill=blue,circle,inner sep=2pt] (rlabel5) at (cfrag5.north west) {{\color{white} \tiny{5}}};
\draw[*-*,red] ([xshift=0.1em,yshift=-0.2em]cfrag5.north) -- ([xshift=0.1em,yshift=1em]cfrag5.north);
}
{
\node [fill=blue,circle,inner sep=2pt] (rlabel6) at (cfrag6.north east) {{\color{white} \tiny{6}}};
\draw[*-*,red] ([xshift=0.0em,yshift=-0.2em]cfrag6.north) -- ([xshift=0.0em,yshift=1em]cfrag6.north);
}
{
\node [fill=blue,circle,inner sep=2pt] (rlabel7) at (cfrag7.south west) {{\color{white} \tiny{7}}};
}
\begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
{
\node [fill=green!20,inner sep=0pt] (cfrag1back) [fit = (cfrag1)] {};
\node [fill=green!20,inner sep=0pt] (cfrag1back) [fit = (cfrag7)] {};
}
{
\node [fill=green!20,inner sep=0pt] (cfrag1back) [fit = (cfrag6)] {};
}
{
\node [fill=green!20,inner sep=0pt] (cfrag1back) [fit = (cfrag5)] {};
}
\end{pgfonlayer}
}
\end{scope}
}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{minipage}
\ No newline at end of file
Book/Chapter4/Figures/consistence-of-word-alignment.tex 0 → 100644
%%------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%% 短语抽取方法
\begin{center}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\tikzstyle{elementnode} = [rectangle,text=white,anchor=center]
\tikzstyle{srcnode} = [font=\small,anchor=south west]
\tikzstyle{tgtnode} = [left,font=\small,anchor=north east]
\tikzstyle{alignmentnode} = [rectangle,draw,minimum height=3.6*1.1cm,minimum width=0.36*1.1cm]
\tikzstyle{probnode} = [fill=blue!30,minimum width=0.4*1.1cm]
\tikzstyle{labelnode} = [above]
alignment matrix1
\begin{scope}[scale=1,yshift=0.12in]
\foreach \i / \j / \c in
{0/3/0.15, 1/3/0.15, 2/3/0.15, 3/3/0.15,
0/2/0.15, 1/2/0.15, 2/2/0.15, 3/2/0.15,
0/1/0.15, 1/1/0.15, 2/1/0.15, 3/1/0.15,
0/0/0.15, 1/0/0.15, 2/0/0.15, 3/0/0.15}
\node[elementnode,minimum size=0.6*1.1cm*\c,inner sep=0.1pt,fill=blue] (a\i\j) at (0.5*1.1cm*\i-5.4*0.5*1.1cm,0.5*1.1cm*\j-1.05*1.1cm) {};
source
\node[srcnode] (src01) at (-5.9*0.5*1.1cm,-1.05*1.1cm+3.4*0.5*1.1cm) {\scriptsize{$t_1$}};
\node[srcnode] (src02) at ([xshift=0.5*1.1cm]src01.south west) {\scriptsize{$t_2$}};
\node[srcnode] (src03) at ([xshift=0.5*1.1cm]src02.south west) {\scriptsize{$t_3$}};
\node[srcnode] (src04) at ([xshift=0.5*1.1cm]src03.south west) {\scriptsize{$t_4$}};
target
\node[tgtnode] (tgt01) at (-6.0*0.5*1.1cm,-1.05*1.1cm+3.3*0.5*1.1cm) {\scriptsize{$s_1$}};
\node[tgtnode] (tgt02) at ([yshift=-0.5*1.1cm]tgt01.north east) {\scriptsize{$s_2$}};
\node[tgtnode] (tgt03) at ([yshift=-0.5*1.1cm]tgt02.north east) {\scriptsize{$s_3$}};
\node[tgtnode] (tgt04) at ([yshift=-0.5*1.1cm]tgt03.north east) {\scriptsize{$s_4$}};
alignment matrix2
\foreach \i / \j / \c in
{0/3/0.15, 1/3/0.15, 2/3/0.15, 3/3/0.15,
0/2/0.15, 1/2/0.15, 2/2/0.15, 3/2/0.15,
0/1/0.15, 1/1/0.15, 2/1/0.15, 3/1/0.15,
0/0/0.15, 1/0/0.15, 2/0/0.15, 3/0/0.15}
\node[elementnode,minimum size=0.6*1.1cm*\c,inner sep=0.1pt,fill=blue] (b\i\j) at (0.5*1.1cm*\i+0.6*0.5*1.1cm,0.5*1.1cm*\j-1.05*1.1cm) {};
source
\node[srcnode] (src11) at (0.1*0.5*1.1cm,-1.05*1.1cm+3.4*0.5*1.1cm) {\scriptsize{$t_1$}};
\node[srcnode] (src12) at ([xshift=0.5*1.1cm]src11.south west) {\scriptsize{$t_2$}};
\node[srcnode] (src13) at ([xshift=0.5*1.1cm]src12.south west) {\scriptsize{$t_3$}};
\node[srcnode] (src14) at ([xshift=0.5*1.1cm]src13.south west) {\scriptsize{$t_4$}};
target
\node[tgtnode] (tgt11) at (0.2*0.5*1.1cm,-1.05*1.1cm+3.3*0.5*1.1cm) {\scriptsize{$s_1$}};
\node[tgtnode] (tgt12) at ([yshift=-0.5*1.1cm]tgt11.north east) {\scriptsize{$s_2$}};
\node[tgtnode] (tgt13) at ([yshift=-0.5*1.1cm]tgt12.north east) {\scriptsize{$s_3$}};
\node[tgtnode] (tgt14) at ([yshift=-0.5*1.1cm]tgt13.north east) {\scriptsize{$s_4$}};
alignment matrix3
\foreach \i / \j / \c in
{0/3/0.15, 1/3/0.15, 2/3/0.15, 3/3/0.15,
0/2/0.15, 1/2/0.15, 2/2/0.15, 3/2/0.15,
0/1/0.15, 1/1/0.15, 2/1/0.15, 3/1/0.15,
0/0/0.15, 1/0/0.15, 2/0/0.15, 3/0/0.15}
\node[elementnode,minimum size=0.6*1.1cm*\c,inner sep=0.1pt,fill=blue] (c\i\j) at (0.5*1.1cm*\i+6.6*0.5*1.1cm,0.5*1.1cm*\j-1.05*1.1cm) {};
source
\node[srcnode] (src21) at (6.1*0.5*1.1cm,-1.05*1.1cm+3.4*0.5*1.1cm) {\scriptsize{$t_1$}};
\node[srcnode] (src22) at ([xshift=0.5*1.1cm]src21.south west) {\scriptsize{$t_2$}};
\node[srcnode] (src23) at ([xshift=0.5*1.1cm]src22.south west) {\scriptsize{$t_3$}};
\node[srcnode] (src24) at ([xshift=0.5*1.1cm]src23.south west) {\scriptsize{$t_4$}};
target
\node[tgtnode] (tgt21) at (6.2*0.5*1.1cm,-1.05*1.1cm+3.3*0.5*1.1cm) {\scriptsize{$s_1$}};
\node[tgtnode] (tgt22) at ([yshift=-0.5*1.1cm]tgt21.north east) {\scriptsize{$s_2$}};
\node[tgtnode] (tgt23) at ([yshift=-0.5*1.1cm]tgt22.north east) {\scriptsize{$s_3$}};
\node[tgtnode] (tgt24) at ([yshift=-0.5*1.1cm]tgt23.north east) {\scriptsize{$s_4$}};
word alignment
\node[align=center,elementnode,minimum size=0.3cm,inner sep=0.1pt,fill=blue!50] (la1) at (a03) {};
\node[align=center,elementnode,minimum size=0.3cm,inner sep=0.1pt,fill=blue!50] (la2) at (a12) {};
\node[align=center,elementnode,minimum size=0.3cm,inner sep=0.1pt,fill=blue!50] (la3) at (a11) {};
\node[align=center,elementnode,minimum size=0.3cm,inner sep=0.1pt,fill=blue!50] (lb1) at (b03) {};
\node[align=center,elementnode,minimum size=0.3cm,inner sep=0.1pt,fill=blue!50] (lb2) at (b12) {};
\node[align=center,elementnode,minimum size=0.3cm,inner sep=0.1pt,fill=red!50] (lb3) at (b11) {};
\node[align=center,elementnode,minimum size=0.3cm,inner sep=0.1pt,fill=blue!50] (lc1) at (c03) {};
\node[align=center,elementnode,minimum size=0.3cm,inner sep=0.1pt,fill=blue!50] (lc2) at (c12) {};
\node[align=center,elementnode,minimum size=0.3cm,inner sep=0.1pt,fill=blue!50] (lc3) at (c11) {};
\begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
\node [rectangle,draw=ugreen,thick,inner sep=0.4em,fill=white,drop shadow] [fit = (a03) (a11)] (phrase1) {};
\node [rectangle,draw=red,thick,inner sep=0.4em,fill=white,drop shadow] [fit = (b03) (b12)] (phrase2) {};
\node [rectangle,draw=ugreen,thick,inner sep=0.4em,fill=white,drop shadow] [fit = (c03) (c21)] (phrase3) {};
\end{pgfonlayer}
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{center}
\ No newline at end of file
Book/Chapter4/Figures/content-of-chart-in-tree-based-decoding.tex 0 → 100644
%%%------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%%% 基于树的解码方法 - chart-based decoding
{
\begin{center}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{scope}
\tikzstyle{chartnode2}=[rectangle,minimum size=1.3em,fill=orange!20,draw]
\node [chartnode2,anchor=north west] (cell11) at (0,0) {};
\node [chartnode2,anchor=north west] (cell21) at ([yshift=0.04em]cell11.south west) {};
\node [chartnode2,anchor=west] (cell22) at ([xshift=-0.04em]cell21.east) {};
\node [chartnode2,anchor=north west] (cell31) at ([yshift=0.04em]cell21.south west) {};
\node [chartnode2,anchor=west] (cell32) at ([xshift=-0.04em]cell31.east) {};
\node [chartnode2,anchor=west] (cell33) at ([xshift=-0.04em]cell32.east) {};
\node [chartnode2,anchor=north west] (cell41) at ([yshift=0.04em]cell31.south west) {};
\node [chartnode2,anchor=west] (cell42) at ([xshift=-0.04em]cell41.east) {};
\node [chartnode2,anchor=west] (cell43) at ([xshift=-0.04em]cell42.east) {};
\node [chartnode2,anchor=west] (cell44) at ([xshift=-0.02em]cell43.east) {};
\node [anchor=east] (s1) at (cell11.west) {\scriptsize{猫}};
\node [anchor=east] (s2) at (cell21.west) {\scriptsize{喜欢}};
\node [anchor=east] (s3) at (cell31.west) {\scriptsize{吃}};
\node [anchor=east] (s4) at (cell41.west) {\scriptsize{鱼}};
\node [anchor=north] (t5) at (cell41.south) {\tiny{$l$=1}};
\node [anchor=north] (t5) at (cell42.south) {\tiny{$l$=2}};
\node [anchor=north] (t5) at (cell43.south) {\tiny{$l$=3}};
\node [anchor=north] (t5) at (cell44.south) {\tiny{$l$=4}};
\node [anchor=north] (chartlabel) at ([yshift=-1em]cell42.south east) {\footnotesize{\textbf{chart}}};
{\footnotesize
\node [anchor=north west] (w1) at ([yshift=-2.5em,xshift=-1.0em]cell41.south west) {猫};
\node [anchor=west] (w2) at ([xshift=0.3em]w1.east) {喜欢};
\node [anchor=west] (w3) at ([xshift=0.3em]w2.east) {吃};
\node [anchor=west] (w4) at ([xshift=0.3em]w3.east) {鱼};
\node [anchor=north east] (p0) at ([xshift=0.3em]w1.south west) {\blue{0}};
\node [anchor=north east] (p1) at ([xshift=0.3em]w2.south west) {\blue{1}};
\node [anchor=north east] (p2) at ([xshift=0.3em]w3.south west) {\blue{2}};
\node [anchor=north east] (p3) at ([xshift=0.3em]w4.south west) {\blue{3}};
\node [anchor=north west] (p4) at ([xshift=-0.4em]w4.south east) {\blue{4}};
\node [anchor=north] (slabel) at ([yshift=-0.6em]p2.south) {\scriptsize{\textbf{源语言句子}}};
}
\end{scope}
{\normalsize
\node[anchor=north](t1) at (4.5,0.3){{\scriptsize{序号}}};
\node[anchor=south](k1) at ([xshift=3em,yshift=0em]t1.south){{\scriptsize{跨度}}};
\node[anchor=south](b1) at ([xshift=3em,yshift=0em]k1.south){{\scriptsize{标记}}};
\node[anchor=south](y1) at ([xshift=5em,yshift=0em]b1.south){{\scriptsize{源语句子片段}}};
}
\draw [-] ([xshift=-0em,yshift=0em]t1.south west) -- ([xshift=13em,yshift=0em]t1.south);
{\scriptsize
\node[anchor=west](t2) at ([xshift=0.2em,yshift=-1.7em]t1.west){{1}};
\node[anchor=west](t3) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-1.5em]t2.west){{2}};
\node[anchor=west](t4) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-1.5em]t3.west){{3}};
\node[anchor=west](t5) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-1.5em]t4.west){{4}};
\node[anchor=west](t6) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-1.5em]t5.west){{5}};
\node[anchor=west](t7) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-1.5em]t6.west){{6}};
\node[anchor=west](t8) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-1.5em]t7.west){{7}};
\node[anchor=west](t9) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-1.5em]t8.west){{8}};
\node[anchor=west](t10) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-1.5em]t9.west){{9}};
\node[anchor=west](t11) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-1.5em]t10.west){{10}};
\node[anchor=west](k2) at ([xshift=0.2em,yshift=-1.7em]k1.west){{[0,1]}};
\node[anchor=west](k3) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-1.5em]k2.west){{[1,2]}};
\node[anchor=west](k4) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-1.5em]k3.west){{[2,5]}};
\node[anchor=west](k5) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-1.5em]k4.west){{[3,6]}};
\node[anchor=west](k6) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-1.5em]k5.west){{[0,2]}};
\node[anchor=west](k7) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-1.5em]k6.west){{[1,3]}};
\node[anchor=west](k8) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-1.5em]k7.west){{[2,4]}};
\node[anchor=west](k9) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-1.5em]k8.west){{[0,3]}};
\node[anchor=west](k10) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-1.5em]k9.west){{[1,4]}};
\node[anchor=west](k11) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-1.5em]k10.west){{[0,4]}};
\node[anchor=west](b2) at ([xshift=0.2em,yshift=-1.7em]b1.west){{NN \& NP}};
\node[anchor=west](b3) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-1.5em]b2.west){{VV}};
\node[anchor=west](b4) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-1.5em]b3.west){{VV}};
\node[anchor=west](b5) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-1.5em]b4.west){{NN \& NP}};
\node[anchor=west](b6) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-1.5em]b5.west){{N/A}};
\node[anchor=west](b7) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-1.5em]b6.west){{N/A}};
\node[anchor=west](b8) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-1.5em]b7.west){{VP}};
\node[anchor=west](b9) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-1.5em]b8.west){{N/A}};
\node[anchor=west](b10) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-1.5em]b9.west){{VP}};
\node[anchor=west](b11) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-1.5em]b10.west){{IP({\red(root)})}};
\node[anchor=west](y2) at ([xshift=0.2em,yshift=-1.7em]y1.west){{猫}};
\node[anchor=west](y3) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-1.5em]y2.west){{喜欢}};
\node[anchor=west](y4) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-1.5em]y3.west){{吃}};
\node[anchor=west](y5) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-1.5em]y4.west){{鱼}};
\node[anchor=west](y6) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-1.5em]y5.west){{猫喜欢}};
\node[anchor=west](y7) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-1.5em]y6.west){{喜欢吃}};
\node[anchor=west](y8) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-1.5em]y7.west){{吃鱼}};
\node[anchor=west](y9) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-1.5em]y8.west){{猫喜欢吃}};
\node[anchor=west](y10) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-1.5em]y9.west){{喜欢吃鱼}};
\node[anchor=west](y11) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-1.5em]y10.west){{猫喜欢吃鱼}};
}
\draw[-] ([xshift=-0.3em,yshift=-0.3em]k1.north west) -- ([xshift=-0.3em,yshift=-10.7em]k1.south west);
\draw[-] ([xshift=-0.3em,yshift=-0.3em]b1.north west) -- ([xshift=-0.3em,yshift=-10.7em]b1.south west);
\draw[-] ([xshift=-0em,yshift=-0.3em]y1.north west) -- ([xshift=-0em,yshift=-10.7em]y1.south west);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{center}
}
\ No newline at end of file
Book/Chapter4/Figures/cut-different-positions-of-word-string.tex 0 → 100644
%%%------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%%% 基于串的解码 - 连续变量的匹配，复杂度增加
\begin{center}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{scope}
{\scriptsize
\node [anchor=west] (sw11) at (0,0) {阿都拉$_1$};
\node [anchor=west] (sw12) at ([xshift=0.1em]sw11.east) {对$_2$};
\node [anchor=west,fill=red!20] (sw13) at ([xshift=0.1em]sw12.east) {自己$_3$ 四$_4$\ 个$_5$\ 多$_6$\ 月$_7$\ 以来$_8$\ 的$_9$\ 施政$_{10}$\ 表现$_{11}$ 感到$_{12}$ };
\node [anchor=west,fill=blue!20] (sw14) at ([xshift=0.2em]sw13.east) {满意$_{13}$};
\node [anchor=north west] (sw21) at ([yshift=-0.3em]sw11.south west) {阿都拉$_1$};
\node [anchor=west] (sw22) at ([xshift=0.1em]sw21.east) {对$_2$};
\node [anchor=west,fill=red!20] (sw23) at ([xshift=0.1em]sw22.east) {自己$_3$ 四$_4$\ 个$_5$\ 多$_6$\ 月$_7$\ 以来$_8$\ 的$_9$\ 施政$_{10}$\ 表现$_{11}$};
\node [anchor=west,fill=blue!20] (sw24) at ([xshift=0.2em]sw23.east) {感到$_{12}$ 满意$_{13}$};
\node [anchor=north west] (sw31) at ([yshift=-0.3em]sw21.south west) {阿都拉$_1$};
\node [anchor=west] (sw32) at ([xshift=0.1em]sw31.east) {对$_2$};
\node [anchor=west,fill=red!20] (sw33) at ([xshift=0.1em]sw32.east) {自己$_3$ 四$_4$\ 个$_5$\ 多$_6$\ 月$_7$\ 以来$_8$\ 的$_9$\ 施政$_{10}$};
\node [anchor=west,fill=blue!20] (sw34) at ([xshift=0.2em]sw33.east) {表现$_{11}$ 感到$_{12}$ 满意$_{13}$};
\node [anchor=north] (dots) at ([yshift=-0.5em]sw33.south) {...};
\node [anchor=north west] (sw41) at ([yshift=-1.8em]sw31.south west) {阿都拉$_1$};
\node [anchor=west] (sw42) at ([xshift=0.1em]sw41.east) {对$_2$};
\node [anchor=west,fill=red!20] (sw43) at ([xshift=0.1em]sw42.east) {自己$_3$ };
\node [anchor=west,fill=blue!20] (sw44) at ([xshift=0.2em]sw43.east) {四$_4$\ 个$_5$\ 多$_6$\ 月$_7$\ 以来$_8$\ 的$_9$ 施政$_{10}$ 表现$_{11}$ 感到$_{12}$ 满意$_{13}$};
\node [anchor=south] (label) at ([yshift=0.3em]sw13.north) {\footnotesize{在跨度[{\blue 0},{\blue 13}]上匹配``NP 对 NP VP''}};
\node [anchor=north west,minimum size=1.2em,fill=red!20] (np) at ([yshift=-1.0em,xshift=0.3em]sw41.south west) {};
\node [anchor=west] (nplabel) at (np.east) {NP(第二个)};
\node [anchor=west,minimum size=1.2em,fill=blue!20] (vp) at ([xshift=1.0em]nplabel.east) {};
\node [anchor=west] (vplabel) at (vp.east) {VP};
}
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{center}
\ No newline at end of file
Book/Chapter4/Figures/cyk-algorithm.tex 0 → 100644
%------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%%% CYK解码
% 看NiuTrans Manual
\begin{center}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\tikzstyle{alignmentnode} = [rectangle,fill=blue!30,minimum size=0.45em,text=white,inner sep=0.1pt]
\tikzstyle{selectnode} = [rectangle,fill=green!20,minimum height=1.5em,minimum width=1.5em,inner sep=1.2pt]
\tikzstyle{srcnode} = [anchor=south west]
\begin{scope}[scale=0.85]
\node[srcnode] (c1) at (0,0) {\small{\textbf{Function} CYK-Algorithm($\textbf{s},G$)}};
\node[srcnode,anchor=north west] (c21) at ([xshift=1.5em,yshift=0.4em]c1.south west) {\small{\textbf{fore} $j=0$ to $ J - 1$}};
\node[srcnode,anchor=north west] (c22) at ([xshift=1.5em,yshift=0.4em]c21.south west) {\small{$span[j,j+1 ]$.Add($A \to a \in G$)}};
\node[srcnode,anchor=north west] (c3) at ([xshift=-1.5em,yshift=0.4em]c22.south west) {\small{\textbf{for} $l$ = 1 to $J$}};
\node[srcnode,anchor=west] (c31) at ([xshift=6em]c3.east) {\small{// length of span}};
\node[srcnode,anchor=north west] (c4) at ([xshift=1.5em,yshift=0.4em]c3.south west) {\small{\textbf{for} $j$ = 0 to $J-l$}};
\node[srcnode,anchor=north west] (c41) at ([yshift=0.4em]c31.south west) {\small{// beginning of span}};
\node[srcnode,anchor=north west] (c5) at ([xshift=1.5em,yshift=0.4em]c4.south west) {\small{\textbf{for} $k$ = $j$ to $j+l$}};
\node[srcnode,anchor=north west] (c51) at ([yshift=0.4em]c41.south west) {\small{// partition of span}};
\node[srcnode,anchor=north west] (c6) at ([xshift=1.5em,yshift=0.4em]c5.south west) {\small{$hypos$ = Compose($span[j, k], span[k, j+l]$)}};
\node[srcnode,anchor=north west] (c7) at ([yshift=0.4em]c6.south west) {\small{$span[j, j+l]$.Update($hypos$)}};
\node[srcnode,anchor=north west] (c8) at ([xshift=-4.5em,yshift=0.4em]c7.south west) {\small{\textbf{return} $span[0, J]$}};
\node[anchor=west] (c9) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=1.7em]c1.west) {\scriptsize{\textrm{参数：}\textbf{s}为输入字符串。$G$为输入CFG。$J$为待分析字符串长度。}};
\node[anchor=west] (c10) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=1.3em]c9.west) {\scriptsize{\textrm{输出：字符串全部可能的语法分析结果}}};
\node[anchor=west] (c11) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=1.3em]c10.west) {\scriptsize{\textrm{输入：符合乔姆斯基范式的待分析字符串和一个上下文无关文法（CFG）}}};
\begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
\node [rectangle,inner sep=0.2em,rounded corners=1pt,fill=blue!10!white] [fit = (c1) (c21) (c3) (c6) (c7) (c8) (c11)] (gl1) {};
\end{pgfonlayer}
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{center}
Book/Chapter4/Figures/derivation-consist-of-bilingual-phrase.tex 0 → 100644
%%%------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%%% 融合用双语短语描述翻译
\begin{center}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{scope}[minimum height = 18pt]
{\scriptsize
\node[anchor=north,fill=green!20] (s1) at (0,0) {进口};
\node [anchor=north,fill=red!20] (s2) at ([xshift=4em,yshift=0em]s1.north) {大幅度};
\node[anchor=north,fill=blue!20] (s3) at ([xshift=4.5em,yshift=0em]s2.north) {下降 了};
\node[anchor=west,fill=green!20] (t1) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-4em]s1.west) {the imports have};
\node[anchor=north,fill=red!20] (t2) at ([xshift=8em,yshift=0em]t1.north) {drastically};
\node[anchor=north,fill=blue!20] (t3) at ([xshift=5.7em,yshift=0em]t2.north) {fallen};
\path[<->, thick] (s1.south) edge (t1.north);
\path[<->, thick] (s2.south) edge (t2.north);
\path[<->, thick] (s3.south) edge (t3.north);
}
\node[anchor=south] (s0) at ([xshift=-2em,yshift=0em]s1.south) {\textbf{s:}};
\node[anchor=east] (t0) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-2.85em]s0.east) {\textbf{t:}};
\node[anchor=south,inner sep=0pt,yshift=-0.3em] (sp1) at (s1.north) {\scriptsize{$\bar{s}_{a_1 = 1}$}};
\node[anchor=south,inner sep=0pt,yshift=-0.3em] (sp2) at (s2.north) {\scriptsize{$\bar{s}_{a_2 = 2}$}};
\node[anchor=south,inner sep=0pt,yshift=-0.3em] (sp3) at (s3.north) {\scriptsize{$\bar{s}_{a_3 = 3}$}};
\node[anchor=north,inner sep=0pt,yshift=0.3em] (tp1) at (t1.south) {\scriptsize{$\bar{t}_1$}};
\node[anchor=north,inner sep=0pt,yshift=0.3em] (tp2) at (t2.south) {\scriptsize{$\bar{t}_2$}};
\node[anchor=north,inner sep=0pt,yshift=0.3em] (tp3) at (t3.south) {\scriptsize{$\bar{t}_3$}};
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{center}
\ No newline at end of file
Book/Chapter4/Figures/derivation-of-hierarchical-phrase-and-tree-structure-model.tex 0 → 100644
%------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%%% 句法树(层次短语)
\begin{tikzpicture}
{\scriptsize
\begin{scope}[sibling distance=0pt, level distance = 27pt]
{\scriptsize
\Tree[.\node(n1){\textbf{S}};
[.\node(n2){\textbf{S}};
[.\node(n3){\textbf{S}};
[.\node(n4){\textbf{S}};
[.\node(n5){\textbf{X}}; \node(cw1){但}; ]
]
[.\node(n6){\textbf{X}}; \node(cw2){美国}; ]
]
[.\node(n7){\textbf{X}};
[. \node(cw3){并没有}; ]
[. \node(cw4){执行}; ]
]
]
[.\node(n8){\textbf{X}};
[. \node(cw5){世贸}; ]
[.\node(n9){\textbf{X}};
[. \node(cw6){组织}; ]
[. \node(cw7){的}; ]
]
[. \node(cw8){裁决}; ]
]
]
\node[circle, inner sep = 0.5pt, fill=blue!90!white, anchor = west] (l1) at ([xshift=-0.3em]n1.north east) {{\color{white} \tiny{$r_2$}}};
\node[circle, inner sep = 0.5pt, fill=blue!90!white, anchor = east] (l2) at ([xshift=0.3em]n2.north west) {{\color{white} \tiny{$r_2$}}};
\node[circle, inner sep = 0.5pt, fill=blue!90!white, anchor = east] (l2) at ([xshift=0.3em]n3.north west) {{\color{white} \tiny{$r_2$}}};
\node[circle, inner sep = 0.5pt, fill=blue!90!white, anchor = east] (l2) at ([xshift=0.3em]n4.north west) {{\color{white} \tiny{$r_1$}}};{\node[circle, inner sep = 0.5pt, fill=blue!90!white, anchor = east] (l2) at ([xshift=0.3em]n5.north west) {{\color{white} \tiny{$r_3$}}};}
\node[circle, inner sep = 0.5pt, fill=blue!90!white, anchor = west] (l1) at ([xshift=-0.3em]n6.south east) {{\color{white} \tiny{$r_4$}}};
\node[circle, inner sep = 0.5pt, fill=blue!90!white, anchor = west] (l1) at ([xshift=-0.3em]n7.north east) {{\color{white} \tiny{$r_5$}}};
\node[circle, inner sep = 0.5pt, fill=blue!90!white, anchor = west] (l1) at ([xshift=-0.3em]n8.north east) {{\color{white} \tiny{$r_6$}}};
\node[circle, inner sep = 0.5pt, fill=blue!90!white, anchor = west] (l1) at ([xshift=-0.3em]n9.north east) {{\color{white} \tiny{$r_7$}}};
}
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}[xshift = 1.8in, yshift = 0.1in]
\node (rules) {\textbf{层次短语翻译规则:}};
\draw[-] (rules.south west)--([xshift=1.8in]rules.south west);
\node[anchor=north west] (r1) at ([yshift=-0.2em]rules.south west) {$r_1$};
\node[anchor=west] (rc1) at ([xshift=0.0em]r1.east) {$\textrm{S} \; \to \; \langle\ \textrm{X}_1, \; \; \textrm{X}_1\ \rangle$};
\node[anchor=north west] (r2) at ([yshift=-0.4em]r1.south west) {$r_2$};
\node[anchor=west] (rc2) at ([xshift=0em]r2.east) {$\textrm{S} \; \to \; \langle\ \textrm{S}_1 \; \textrm{X}_2, \; \; \textrm{S}_1 \; \textrm{X}_2\ \rangle$};
\node[anchor=north west] (r3) at ([yshift=-0.4em]r2.south west) {$r_3$};
\node[anchor=west] (rc3) at ([xshift=0em]r3.east) {$\textrm{X} \; \to \; \langle\ \text{但}, \; \; \text{but}\ \rangle$};
\node[anchor=north west] (r4) at ([yshift=-0.4em]r3.south west) {$r_4$};
\node[anchor=west] (rc4) at ([xshift=0em]r4.east) {$\textrm{X} \; \to \; \langle\ \text{美国}, \; \; \text{the U.S.}\ \rangle$};
\node[anchor=north west] (r5) at ([yshift=-0.4em]r4.south west) {$r_5$};
\node[anchor=west] (rc5) at ([xshift=0em]r5.east) {$\textrm{X} \; \to \; \langle\ \text{并没有} \; \text{执行}, \; \; \text{}$};
\node[anchor=north west] (r52) at ([yshift=-0.4em]r5.south west) {{\color{white} $r_5$}};
\node[anchor=west] (rc52) at ([xshift=2.9em]r52.east) {$\text{has not implemented}\ \rangle$};
\node[anchor=north west] (r6) at ([yshift=-0.4em]r52.south west) {$r_6$};
\node[anchor=west] (rc6) at ([xshift=0em]r6.east) {$\textrm{X} \; \to \; \langle\ \text{世贸} \; \textrm{X}_1 \; \text{裁决}, $};
\node[anchor=north west] (r61) at ([yshift=-0.4em]r6.south west) {{\color{white} $r_6$}};
\node[anchor=west] (rc61) at ([xshift=2.9em]r61.east) {$\text{the decision} \; \textrm{X}_1 \; \text{the WTO}\ \rangle$};
\node[anchor=north west] (r7) at ([yshift=-0.4em]r61.south west) {$r_7$};
\node[anchor=west] (rc7) at ([xshift=0em]r7.east) {$\textrm{X} \; \to \; \langle\ \text{组织 的}, \; \; \text{of}\ \rangle$};
\end{scope}
}
\end{tikzpicture}
Book/Chapter4/Figures/different-representations-of-syntax-tree.tex 0 → 100644
%%%------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%%% 树结构的表示
\begin{tikzpicture}
{\footnotesize
\begin{scope}[sibling distance=3pt, level distance = 22pt]
\Tree[.S [.NN ] [.VP [.AD ] [.VP [.VV ] [.AS ] ] ] ]
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}[xshift=1in,yshift=0.25in]
\node [anchor=north west,align=left] (string1) at (0,0) {[S \\\hspace{1em}NN\\\hspace{1em}VP[\\\hspace{2.5em}AD \\\hspace{2.5em}VP[\\\hspace{4em}VV \\\hspace{4em}AS]]]};
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}[xshift=2.5in,yshift=-0.80in]
\node [anchor=west,align=left] (string2) at (0,0) {(S NN VP(AD \\ VP(VV AS)))};
\end{scope}
\node [anchor=north west] (cap1) at (-1.5em,-1in) {\scriptsize{(a) 树状表示}};
\node [anchor=west] (cap2) at ([xshift=0.5in]cap1.east) {\scriptsize{(b) 序列表示(缩进)}};
\node [anchor=west] (cap3) at ([xshift=0.5in]cap2.east) {\scriptsize{(c) 序列表示}};
}
\end{tikzpicture}
\ No newline at end of file
Book/Chapter4/Figures/example-of-cyk-algorithm-execution-label.tex 0 → 100644
%------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%%% 基于树的解码方法 - chart-based decoding
\begin{center}
\begin{tikzpicture}\footnotesize
\begin{scope}[scale=0.2]
\node[anchor=south east] (g1) at (0,0) {\small{$\textrm{S} \to \textrm{AB}\ \ \ \textrm{A} \to \textrm{CD}\ \vert \ \textrm{CF}\ \ \ \textrm{B} \to \textrm{c}\ \vert \ \textrm{BE}$}};
\node[anchor=north west] (g2) at ([yshift=0.3em]g1.south west) {\small{$\textrm{C} \to \textrm{a}\ \ \ \ \textrm{D} \to \textrm{b}\ \ \ \ \textrm{E} \to \textrm{c}\ \ \ \ \textrm{F} \to \textrm{AD}$}};
\begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
\node [rectangle,inner sep=0.1em,rounded corners=1pt,fill=green!10,drop shadow,draw=ugreen] [fit = (g1) (g2)] (gl1) {};
\end{pgfonlayer}
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{center}
Book/Chapter4/Figures/example-of-hyper-graph.tex 0 → 100644
%------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%%% 基于树的解码方法 - chart-based decoding
\begin{center}
\begin{tikzpicture}\footnotesize
\begin{scope}[scale=0.7]
\node [anchor=center,draw,thick,circle,inner sep=13pt,ublue] (s1) at (0,0) {};
\node [anchor=north] (t11) at ([yshift=-0.8em]s1.north) {VP};
\node [anchor=north] (t12) at ([yshift=-0.3em]t11.south) {[0,2]};
\node [anchor=center,draw,thick,circle,inner sep=13pt,ublue] (s2) at ([xshift=12em,yshift=-5em]s1.north) {};
\node [anchor=north] (t21) at ([yshift=-0.8em]s2.north) {NP};
\node [anchor=north] (t22) at ([yshift=-0.3em]t21.south) {[0,2]};
\node [anchor=center,draw,thick,circle,inner sep=13pt,ublue] (s3) at ([xshift=-6em,yshift=-13em]s1.south) {};
\node [anchor=north] (t31) at ([yshift=-0.8em]s3.north) {VV};
\node [anchor=north] (t32) at ([yshift=-0.3em]t31.south) {[0,1]};
\node [anchor=center,draw,thick,circle,inner sep=13pt,ublue] (s4) at ([xshift=13em,yshift=2.9em]s3.south) {};
\node [anchor=north] (t41) at ([yshift=-0.8em]s4.north) {NN};
\node [anchor=north] (t42) at ([yshift=-0.3em]t41.south) {[1,2]};
\node [anchor=center,draw,thick,circle,inner sep=13pt,ublue] (s5) at ([xshift=13em,yshift=2.9em]s4.south) {};
\node [anchor=north] (t51) at ([yshift=-0.8em]s5.north) {NP};
\node [anchor=north] (t52) at ([yshift=-0.3em]t51.south) {[1,2]};
{
\draw [->,red!50,very thick] ([xshift=-1em,yshift=-0.3em]s3.north) .. controls +(north:10em) and +(south:10em) .. ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]s1.south);
\draw [->,red!50,very thick] ([xshift=-1em,yshift=-0.3em]s5.north) .. controls +(north:8em) and +(south:14em) .. ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]s1.south);
}
{
\draw [->,blue!50,very thick] ([xshift=-1em,yshift=-0.3em]s4.north) .. controls +(north:8em) and +(south:8em) .. ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]s2.south);
\draw [->,blue!50,very thick] ([xshift=1em,yshift=-0.3em]s5.north) .. controls +(north:9em) and +(south:7em) .. ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]s2.south);
}
\node [anchor=north] (t51) at ([yshift=7em]s3.north) {edge1};
\node [anchor=north] (t52) at ([xshift=-2em,yshift=7.5em]s5.north) {edge2};
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{center}
Book/Chapter4/Figures/example-of-hypothesis-recombination.tex 0 → 100644
%%%------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%%% 假设重组
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{scope}
{
\node [anchor=north,inner sep=2pt,fill=red!20,minimum height=1.5em,minimum width=2.0em] (h0) at (0,0) {\tiny{null}};
\node [anchor=north west,inner sep=1.0pt,fill=black] (hl0) at (h0.north west) {\tiny{{\color{white} \textbf{0}}}};
\node [anchor=north,rotate=90,inner sep=1pt,minimum width=1.5em,fill=black] (pt0) at (h0.east) {\tiny{{\color{white} \textbf{P=1}}}};
\node [anchor=west,inner sep=2pt,fill=red!20,minimum height=1.5em,minimum width=2.0em] (h2) at ([xshift=1.8em,yshift=2.5em]h0.east) {\tiny{an}};
\node [anchor=west,inner sep=2pt,fill=red!20,minimum height=1.5em,minimum width=2.0em] (h3) at ([xshift=1.8em]h2.east) {\tiny{apple}};
\node [anchor=north west,inner sep=1.0pt,fill=black] (hl2) at (h2.north west) {\tiny{{\color{white} \textbf{1}}}};
\node [anchor=north west,inner sep=1.0pt,fill=black] (hl3) at (h3.north west) {\tiny{{\color{white} \textbf{2}}}};
\node [anchor=north,rotate=90,inner sep=1pt,minimum width=1.5em,fill=black] (pt2) at (h2.east) {\tiny{{\color{white} \textbf{P=.3}}}};
\node [anchor=north,rotate=90,inner sep=1pt,minimum width=1.5em,fill=black] (pt3) at (h3.east) {\tiny{{\color{white} \textbf{P=.5}}}};
\draw [->,very thick,ublue] ([xshift=0.1em]pt0.south) -- ([xshift=-0.1em]h2.west);
\draw [->,very thick,ublue] ([xshift=0.1em]pt2.south) -- ([xshift=-0.1em]h3.west);
{
\node [anchor=west,inner sep=2pt,fill=red!20,minimum height=1.5em,minimum width=2.0em] (h1) at ([xshift=5.42em]h0.east) {\tiny{an apple}};
\node [anchor=north west,inner sep=1.0pt,fill=black] (hl1) at (h1.north west) {\tiny{{\color{white} \textbf{1-2}}}};
\node [anchor=north,rotate=90,inner sep=1pt,minimum width=1.5em,fill=black] (pt1) at (h1.east) {\tiny{{\color{white} \textbf{P=.5}}}};
\draw [->,very thick,ublue] ([xshift=0.1em]pt0.south) -- ([xshift=-0.1em]h1.west);
}
}
{
\node [anchor=north west,inner sep=2pt,fill=red!20,minimum height=1.5em,minimum width=2.0em] (h4) at ([yshift=-4em]h0.south west) {\tiny{null}};
\node [anchor=west,inner sep=2pt,fill=red!20,minimum height=1.5em,minimum width=2.0em] (h5) at ([xshift=1.8em]h4.east) {\tiny{he}};
\node [anchor=west,inner sep=2pt,fill=red!20,minimum height=1.5em,minimum width=2.0em] (h6) at ([xshift=1.8em,yshift=2.5em]h4.east) {\tiny{it}};
\node [anchor=west,inner sep=2pt,fill=red!20,minimum height=1.5em,minimum width=2.0em] (h8) at ([xshift=1.8em]h6.east) {\tiny{is not}};
\node [anchor=north west,inner sep=1.0pt,fill=black] (hl4) at (h4.north west) {\tiny{{\color{white} \textbf{0}}}};
\node [anchor=north west,inner sep=1.0pt,fill=black] (hl5) at (h5.north west) {\tiny{{\color{white} \textbf{1}}}};
\node [anchor=north west,inner sep=1.0pt,fill=black] (hl5) at (h6.north west) {\tiny{{\color{white} \textbf{1}}}};
\node [anchor=north west,inner sep=1.0pt,fill=black] (hl5) at (h8.north west) {\tiny{{\color{white} \textbf{2}}}};
\node [anchor=north,rotate=90,inner sep=1pt,minimum width=1.5em,fill=black] (pt4) at (h4.east) {\tiny{{\color{white} \textbf{P=1}}}};
\node [anchor=north,rotate=90,inner sep=1pt,minimum width=1.5em,fill=black] (pt5) at (h5.east) {\tiny{{\color{white} \textbf{P=.3}}}};
\node [anchor=north,rotate=90,inner sep=1pt,minimum width=1.5em,fill=black] (pt6) at (h6.east) {\tiny{{\color{white} \textbf{P=.4}}}};
\node [anchor=north,rotate=90,inner sep=1pt,minimum width=1.5em,fill=black] (pt8) at (h8.east) {\tiny{{\color{white} \textbf{P=.2}}}};
\draw [->,very thick,ublue] ([xshift=0.1em]pt4.south) -- ([xshift=-0.1em]h5.west);
\draw [->,very thick,ublue] ([xshift=0.1em]pt4.south) -- ([xshift=-0.1em]h6.west);
\draw [->,very thick,ublue] ([xshift=0.1em]pt6.south) -- ([xshift=-0.1em]h8.west);
{
\node [anchor=west,inner sep=2pt,fill=red!20,minimum height=1.5em,minimum width=2.0em] (h7) at ([xshift=1.8em]h5.east) {\tiny{is not}};
\node [anchor=north,rotate=90,inner sep=1pt,minimum width=1.5em,fill=black] (pt7) at (h7.east) {\tiny{{\color{white} \textbf{P=.2}}}};
\node [anchor=north west,inner sep=1.0pt,fill=black] (hl5) at (h7.north west) {\tiny{{\color{white} \textbf{2}}}};
\draw [->,very thick,ublue] ([xshift=0.1em]pt5.south) -- ([xshift=-0.1em]h7.west);
}
}
%\node [anchor=west,inner sep=2pt,fill=red!20,minimum height=1.5em,minimum width=2.0em,opacity=0.7] (h1) at ([xshift=-1em,yshift=2em]h2.north) {原假设};
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}[xshift = 13em, yshift = 0em]
{
\node [anchor=north,inner sep=2pt,fill=red!20,minimum height=1.5em,minimum width=2.0em] (h0) at (0,0) {\tiny{null}};
\node [anchor=north west,inner sep=1.0pt,fill=black] (hl0) at (h0.north west) {\tiny{{\color{white} \textbf{0}}}};
\node [anchor=north,rotate=90,inner sep=1pt,minimum width=1.5em,fill=black] (pt0) at (h0.east) {\tiny{{\color{white} \textbf{P=1}}}};
\node [anchor=west,inner sep=2pt,fill=red!20,minimum height=1.5em,minimum width=2.0em] (h2) at ([xshift=1.8em,yshift=2.5em]h0.east) {\tiny{an}};
\node [anchor=west,inner sep=2pt,fill=red!20,minimum height=1.5em,minimum width=2.0em] (h3) at ([xshift=1.8em]h2.east) {\tiny{apple}};
\node [anchor=north west,inner sep=1.0pt,fill=black] (hl2) at (h2.north west) {\tiny{{\color{white} \textbf{1}}}};
\node [anchor=north west,inner sep=1.0pt,fill=black] (hl3) at (h3.north west) {\tiny{{\color{white} \textbf{2}}}};
\node [anchor=north,rotate=90,inner sep=1pt,minimum width=1.5em,fill=black] (pt2) at (h2.east) {\tiny{{\color{white} \textbf{P=.3}}}};
\node [anchor=north,rotate=90,inner sep=1pt,minimum width=1.5em,fill=black] (pt3) at (h3.east) {\tiny{{\color{white} \textbf{P=.5}}}};
\draw [->,very thick,ublue] ([xshift=0.1em]pt0.south) -- ([xshift=-0.1em]h2.west);
\draw [->,very thick,ublue] ([xshift=0.1em]pt2.south) -- ([xshift=-0.1em]h3.west);
{
\draw [->,ultra thick,red,line width=2pt,opacity=0.7] ([xshift=0.1em]pt0.south) -- ([xshift=-1em,yshift=-0.1em]h3.south);
}
}
{
\node [anchor=north west,inner sep=2pt,fill=red!20,minimum height=1.5em,minimum width=2.0em] (h4) at ([yshift=-4em]h0.south west) {\tiny{null}};
\node [anchor=west,inner sep=2pt,fill=red!20,minimum height=1.5em,minimum width=2.0em] (h5) at ([xshift=1.8em]h4.east) {\tiny{he}};
\node [anchor=west,inner sep=2pt,fill=red!20,minimum height=1.5em,minimum width=2.0em] (h6) at ([xshift=1.8em,yshift=2.5em]h4.east) {\tiny{it}};
\node [anchor=west,inner sep=2pt,fill=red!20,minimum height=1.5em,minimum width=2.0em] (h8) at ([xshift=1.8em]h6.east) {\tiny{is not}};
\node [anchor=north west,inner sep=1.0pt,fill=black] (hl4) at (h4.north west) {\tiny{{\color{white} \textbf{0}}}};
\node [anchor=north west,inner sep=1.0pt,fill=black] (hl5) at (h5.north west) {\tiny{{\color{white} \textbf{1}}}};
\node [anchor=north west,inner sep=1.0pt,fill=black] (hl5) at (h6.north west) {\tiny{{\color{white} \textbf{1}}}};
\node [anchor=north west,inner sep=1.0pt,fill=black] (hl5) at (h8.north west) {\tiny{{\color{white} \textbf{2}}}};
\node [anchor=north,rotate=90,inner sep=1pt,minimum width=1.5em,fill=black] (pt4) at (h4.east) {\tiny{{\color{white} \textbf{P=1}}}};
\node [anchor=north,rotate=90,inner sep=1pt,minimum width=1.5em,fill=black] (pt5) at (h5.east) {\tiny{{\color{white} \textbf{P=.3}}}};
\node [anchor=north,rotate=90,inner sep=1pt,minimum width=1.5em,fill=black] (pt6) at (h6.east) {\tiny{{\color{white} \textbf{P=.4}}}};
\node [anchor=north,rotate=90,inner sep=1pt,minimum width=1.5em,fill=black] (pt8) at (h8.east) {\tiny{{\color{white} \textbf{P=.2}}}};
\draw [->,very thick,ublue] ([xshift=0.1em]pt4.south) -- ([xshift=-0.1em]h5.west);
\draw [->,very thick,ublue] ([xshift=0.1em]pt4.south) -- ([xshift=-0.1em]h6.west);
\draw [->,very thick,ublue] ([xshift=0.1em]pt6.south) -- ([xshift=-0.1em]h8.west);
{
\draw [->,ultra thick,red,line width=2pt,opacity=0.7] ([xshift=0.1em]pt5.south) -- ([xshift=-1em,yshift=-0.1em]h8.south);
}
}
{
{
\node [anchor=west,inner sep=2pt,fill=red!20,minimum height=1.5em,minimum width=2.0em,opacity=0.3] (h1) at ([xshift=5.42em]h0.east) {\tiny{an apple}};
\node [anchor=north west,inner sep=1.0pt,fill=black,opacity=0.3] (hl1) at (h1.north west) {\tiny{{\color{white} \textbf{1-2}}}};
\node [anchor=north,rotate=90,inner sep=1pt,minimum width=1.5em,fill=black,opacity=0.3] (pt1) at (h1.east) {\tiny{{\color{white} \textbf{P=.5}}}};
}
{
\node [anchor=west,inner sep=2pt,fill=red!20,minimum height=1.5em,minimum width=2.0em,opacity=0.3] (h7) at ([xshift=1.8em]h5.east) {\tiny{is not}};
\node [anchor=north,rotate=90,inner sep=1pt,minimum width=1.5em,fill=black,opacity=0.3] (pt7) at (h7.east) {\tiny{{\color{white} \textbf{P=.2}}}};
\node [anchor=north west,inner sep=1.0pt,fill=black,opacity=0.3] (hl5) at (h7.north west) {\tiny{{\color{white} \textbf{2}}}};
}
}
\node [anchor=west] (l1) at ([xshift=1em, yshift=0.5em]h1.east) {\scriptsize{舍弃概率}};
\node [anchor=west] (l11) at ([xshift=0em, yshift=-1em]l1.west) {\scriptsize{较低假设}};
\node [anchor=west] (l2) at ([xshift=1em, yshift=0.5em]h7.east) {\scriptsize{舍弃概率}};
\node [anchor=west] (l21) at ([xshift=0em, yshift=-1em]l2.west) {\scriptsize{较低假设}};
%\node [anchor=west,inner sep=2pt,fill=red!20,minimum height=1.5em,minimum width=2.0em,opacity=0.7] (h1) at ([xshift=-1em,yshift=2em]h2.north) {重组假设};
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
\ No newline at end of file
Book/Chapter4/Figures/example-of-n-gram-1.tex 0 → 100644
%%%------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%%% 引入短语翻译
{\scriptsize
\begin{tabular}{l | l}
{{\red{\sout{单词}}}词串翻译表} & P \\ \hline
我 $\to$ I & 0.6 \\
喜欢 $\to$ like & 0.3 \\
红 $\to$ red & 0.8 \\
红 $\to$ black & 0.1 \\
茶 $\to$ tea & 0.8\\
我 喜欢 $\to$ I like & 0.3\\
我 喜欢 $\to$ I liked & 0.2\\
绿 茶 $\to$ green tea & 0.5\\
绿 茶 $\to$ the green tea & 0.1\\
红 茶 $\to$ black tea & 0.6\\
... &
\end{tabular}
}
Book/Chapter4/Figures/example-of-n-gram-2.tex 0 → 100644
%%%------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%%% 引入短语翻译
\begin{minipage}[c]{0.55\linewidth}
\vspace{1em}
\begin{center}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{scope}
\begin{scope}
{\footnotesize
\node [anchor=west] (s1) at (0,0) {我};
\node [anchor=west] (s2) at ([xshift=1.0em]s1.east) {喜欢};
\node [anchor=west] (s3) at ([xshift=1.0em]s2.east) {\red{红}};
\node [anchor=west] (s4) at ([xshift=1.0em]s3.east) {茶};
\node [anchor=east] (s) at (s1.west) {$\textbf{s}=$};
}
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}[yshift=-3.0em]
{\small
\node [anchor=west] (t1) at (0.25em,0) {I};
\node [anchor=west] (t2) at ([xshift=0.8em,yshift=-0.0em]t1.east) {like};
\node [anchor=west] (t3) at ([xshift=0.6em,yshift=-0.0em]t2.east) {red};
\node [anchor=west] (t4) at ([xshift=1.15em,yshift=-0.1em]t3.east) {tea};
\node [anchor=east] (t) at ([xshift=-0.2em]t1.west) {$\textbf{t}=$};
}
\end{scope}
\draw [-] (s1.south) -- (t1.north);
\draw [-] (s2.south) ..controls +(south:1.0em) and +(north:1.0em).. (t2.north);
\draw [-] (s3.south) ..controls +(south:1.0em) and +(north:1.0em).. (t3.north);
\draw [-] (s4.south) -- (t4.north);
\node [anchor=center,draw=ublue,circle,thick,fill=white,inner sep=2pt,circular drop shadow={shadow xshift=0.1em,shadow yshift=-0.1em}] (head1) at ([xshift=2.5em,yshift=-0.5em]s4.south east) {{\color{red} \small{\textbf{No}}}};
\end{scope}
{
\begin{scope}[yshift=-5.0em]
\begin{scope}
{\footnotesize
\node [anchor=west] (s1) at (0,0) {我};
\node [anchor=west] (s2) at ([xshift=1.0em]s1.east) {喜欢};
\node [anchor=west] (s3) at ([xshift=1.0em]s2.east) {\red{红}};
\node [anchor=west] (s4) at ([xshift=1.0em]s3.east) {茶};
\node [anchor=east] (s) at (s1.west) {$\textbf{s}=$};
}
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}[yshift=-3.0em]
{\small
\node [anchor=west] (t1) at (0.25em,0) {I};
\node [anchor=west] (t2) at ([xshift=0.8em,yshift=-0.0em]t1.east) {like};
\node [anchor=west] (t3) at ([xshift=0.6em,yshift=-0.0em]t2.east) {black};
\node [anchor=west] (t4) at ([xshift=1.0em,yshift=-0.1em]t3.east) {tea};
\node [anchor=east] (t) at ([xshift=-0.2em]t1.west) {$\textbf{t}=$};
}
\end{scope}
\begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
{
\node [rectangle,draw=red,thick,inner sep=0.0em,fill=white] [fit = (s3) (s4)] (sphrase1) {};
\node [rectangle,draw=black,thick,inner sep=0.0em,fill=white] [fit = (t3) (t4)] (tphrase1) {};
}
\end{pgfonlayer}
\draw [-] (s1.south) -- (t1.north);
\draw [-] (s2.south) ..controls +(south:1.0em) and +(north:1.0em).. (t2.north);
\draw [-] (sphrase1.south) ..controls +(south:1.0em) and +(north:1.0em).. ([xshift=-1em]tphrase1.north);
\node [anchor=center,draw=ublue,circle,thick,fill=white,inner sep=1pt,circular drop shadow={shadow xshift=0.1em,shadow yshift=-0.1em}] (head1) at ([xshift=2.5em,yshift=-0.5em]s4.south east) {{\color{ugreen} \small{\textbf{Yes}}}};
\end{scope}
}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{center}
\end{minipage}
Book/Chapter4/Figures/example-of-phrase-table.tex 0 → 100644
%%%------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%%% 展示短语表的内容
\begin{center}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\node [anchor=west] (s1) at (0,0) {\scriptsize{报告 认为 $\vert\vert\vert$ report holds that $\vert\vert\vert$ -2.62 -5.81 -0.91 -2.85 1 0 $\vert\vert\vert$ 4 $\vert\vert\vert$ 0-0 1-1 1-2}};
\node [anchor=west] (s2) at ([yshift=-1.2em]s1.west) {\scriptsize{，悲伤 $\vert\vert\vert$ , sadness $\vert\vert\vert$ -1.946 -3.659 0 -3.709 1 0 $\vert\vert\vert$ 1 $\vert\vert\vert$ 0-0 1-1}};
\node [anchor=west] (s3) at ([yshift=-1.2em]s2.west) {\scriptsize{，北京 等 $\vert\vert\vert$ , beijing , and other $\vert\vert\vert$ 0 -7.98 0 -3.84 1 0 $\vert\vert\vert$ 2 $\vert\vert\vert$ 0-0 1-1 2-2 2-3 2-4}};
\node [anchor=west] (s4) at ([yshift=-1.2em]s3.west) {\scriptsize{，北京 及 $\vert\vert\vert$ , beijing , and $\vert\vert\vert$ -0.69 -1.45 -0.92 -4.80 1 0 $\vert\vert\vert$ 2 $\vert\vert\vert$ 0-0 1-1 2-2}};
\node [anchor=west] (s5) at ([yshift=-1.2em]s4.west) {\scriptsize{一个 中国 $\vert\vert\vert$ one china $\vert\vert\vert$ 0 -1.725 0 -1.636 1 0 $\vert\vert\vert$ 2 $\vert\vert\vert$ 1-1 2-2}};
\node [anchor=west] (s7) at ([yshift=-1.1em]s5.west) {\scriptsize{...}};
\node [anchor=west] (s6) at ([yshift=1.0em]s1.west) {\scriptsize{...}};
\begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
\node [rectangle,inner sep=0.3em,fill=red!20] [fit = (s1) (s3) (s4) (s6) (s7)] (box1) {};
\end{pgfonlayer}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{center}
\ No newline at end of file
Book/Chapter4/Figures/example-of-stack-decode.tex 0 → 100644
%%%------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%%% 栈解码
\begin{center}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{scope}
{
\node [anchor=north,inner sep=2pt,fill=red!20,minimum height=1.5em,minimum width=2.2em] (h0) at (0,0) {\tiny{null}};
\node [anchor=north west,inner sep=1.5pt,fill=black] (hl0) at (h0.north west) {\tiny{{\color{white} \textbf{0}}}};
\node [anchor=north,rotate=90,inner sep=1pt,minimum width=1.5em,fill=black] (pt0) at (h0.east) {\tiny{{\color{white} \textbf{P=1}}}};
}
{
\node [anchor=west,inner sep=2pt,fill=red!20,minimum height=1.5em,minimum width=2.2em] (h13) at ([xshift=2.1em,yshift=5em]h0.east) {\tiny{there is}};
%\node [anchor=west,inner sep=2pt,fill=red!20,minimum height=1.5em,minimum width=2.2em] (h12) at ([xshift=2.1em,yshift=2.5em]h0.east) {\tiny{on}};
\node [anchor=west,inner sep=2pt,minimum height=1.5em,minimum width=2.2em] (h12) at ([xshift=2.1em,yshift=3em]h0.east) {\footnotesize{\textbf{...}}};
\node [anchor=west,inner sep=2pt,fill=red!20,minimum height=1.5em,minimum width=2.2em] (h1) at ([xshift=2.1em]h0.east) {\tiny{tabel}};
\node [anchor=north west,inner sep=1.0pt,fill=black] (hl1) at (h1.north west) {\tiny{{\color{white} \textbf{1}}}};
%\node [anchor=north west,inner sep=1.0pt,fill=black] (hl2) at (h12.north west) {\tiny{{\color{white} \textbf{2}}}};
\node [anchor=north west,inner sep=1.0pt,fill=black] (hl3) at (h13.north west) {\tiny{{\color{white} \textbf{3}}}};
\node [anchor=north,rotate=90,inner sep=1pt,minimum width=1.5em,fill=black] (pt1) at (h1.east) {\tiny{{\color{white} \textbf{P=.2}}}};
%\node [anchor=north,rotate=90,inner sep=1pt,minimum width=1.5em,fill=black] (pt2) at (h12.east) {\tiny{{\color{white} \textbf{P=.3}}}};
\node [anchor=north,rotate=90,inner sep=1pt,minimum width=1.5em,fill=black] (pt3) at (h13.east) {\tiny{{\color{white} \textbf{P=.5}}}};
\node [anchor=west,inner sep=2pt,fill=red!20,minimum height=1.5em,minimum width=2.2em] (h2) at ([xshift=2.1em]h1.east) {\tiny{have}};
\node [anchor=west,inner sep=2pt,minimum height=1.5em,minimum width=2.2em] (h22) at ([xshift=2.1em]h12.east) {\footnotesize{\textbf{...}}};
\node [anchor=west,inner sep=2pt,fill=red!20,minimum height=1.5em,minimum width=2.2em] (h23) at ([xshift=2.1em]h13.east) {\tiny{an}};
\node [anchor=west,inner sep=2pt,fill=red!20,minimum height=1.5em,minimum width=2.2em] (h3) at ([xshift=2.1em]h2.east) {\tiny{there is}};
\node [anchor=west,inner sep=2pt,minimum height=1.5em,minimum width=2.2em] (h32) at ([xshift=2.1em]h22.east) {\footnotesize{\textbf{...}}};
\node [anchor=west,inner sep=2pt,fill=red!20,minimum height=1.5em,minimum width=2.2em] (h33) at ([xshift=2.1em]h23.east) {\tiny{an apple}};
\node [anchor=north west,inner sep=1.0pt,fill=black] (hl2) at (h2.north west) {\tiny{{\color{white} \textbf{3}}}};
\node [anchor=north west,inner sep=1.0pt,fill=black] (hl23) at (h23.north west) {\tiny{{\color{white} \textbf{4}}}};
\node [anchor=north west,inner sep=1.0pt,fill=black] (hl3) at (h3.north west) {\tiny{{\color{white} \textbf{2}}}};
\node [anchor=north west,inner sep=1.0pt,fill=black] (hl33) at (h33.north west) {\tiny{{\color{white} \textbf{4-5}}}};
\node [anchor=north,rotate=90,inner sep=1pt,minimum width=1.5em,fill=black] (pt2) at (h2.east) {\tiny{{\color{white} \textbf{P=.5}}}};
\node [anchor=north,rotate=90,inner sep=1pt,minimum width=1.5em,fill=black] (pt23) at (h23.east) {\tiny{{\color{white} \textbf{P=.5}}}};
\node [anchor=north,rotate=90,inner sep=1pt,minimum width=1.5em,fill=black] (pt3) at (h3.east) {\tiny{{\color{white} \textbf{P=.5}}}};
\node [anchor=north,rotate=90,inner sep=1pt,minimum width=1.5em,fill=black] (pt33) at (h33.east) {\tiny{{\color{white} \textbf{P=.5}}}};
}
\node [anchor=north] (l0) at ([xshift=0.2em,yshift=-0.7em]h0.south) {\scriptsize{\textbf{未译词}}};
\node [anchor=north] (l1) at ([xshift=0.3em,yshift=-0.7em]h1.south) {\scriptsize{\textbf{已译1词}}};
\node [anchor=north] (l2) at ([xshift=0.3em,yshift=-0.7em]h2.south) {\scriptsize{\textbf{已译2词}}};
\node [anchor=north] (l3) at ([xshift=0.3em,yshift=-0.7em]h3.south) {\scriptsize{\textbf{已译3词}}};
\begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
\node [rectangle,inner sep=0.3em,fill=blue!10] [fit = (h0) (pt0)] (box0) {};
\node [rectangle,inner sep=0.3em,fill=blue!10] [fit = (h1) (pt1) (h13)] (box1) {};
\node [rectangle,inner sep=0.3em,fill=blue!10] [fit = (h2) (pt2) (h23)] (box2) {};
\node [rectangle,inner sep=0.3em,fill=blue!10] [fit = (h3) (pt3) (h33)] (box3) {};
\end{pgfonlayer}
{
\draw [->,thick,red] (h13.north).. controls +(60:0.5) and +(120:0.5) .. (h23.north);
\draw [->,thick,red] (h13.north).. controls +(58:0.8) and +(122:0.8) .. (h33.north);
\draw [->,thick,red] (h1.north).. controls +(60:0.5) and +(120:0.5) .. (h2.north);
\draw [->,thick,red] (h2.north).. controls +(60:0.5) and +(120:0.5) .. (h3.north);
}
\node [anchor=south east] (wtranslabel) at ([xshift=-1.7em,yshift=-2em]h0.south west) {\scriptsize{\textbf{：假设堆栈}}};
\node [anchor=east,inner sep=2pt,fill=blue!10,minimum height=1em,minimum width=2em] (stacklabel) at ([xshift=-0.1em]wtranslabel.west) {};
{
\node [anchor=east] (line1) at ([xshift=-1.0em,yshift=0em]h0.west) {\footnotesize{0号栈包含空假设}};
}
{
\node [anchor=east] (line2) at ([xshift=-1.8em,yshift=0.3em]h13.west) {\footnotesize{通过假设扩展产生新的假设}};
\node [anchor=north west] (line3) at ([yshift=0.1em]line2.south west) {\footnotesize{并不断的被存入假设堆栈中}};
}
\begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
{
\node [rectangle,inner sep=0.1em,fill=ugreen!10] [fit = (line1)] (box1) {};
}
{
\node [rectangle,inner sep=0.1em,fill=red!10] [fit = (line2) (line3)] (box2) {};
}
\end{pgfonlayer}
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{center}
\ No newline at end of file
Book/Chapter4/Figures/example-of-translation-base-word-1.tex 0 → 100644
%%%------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%%% 基于单词的模型的问题
{\small
\begin{tabular}{l | l}
单词翻译表 & P \\ \hline
我 $\to$ I & 0.6 \\
喜欢 $\to$ like & 0.3 \\
绿 $\to$ green & 0.9 \\
茶 $\to$ tea & 0.8 \\
\end{tabular}
}
Book/Chapter4/Figures/example-of-translation-base-word-2.tex 0 → 100644
\begin{minipage}[c]{0.35\linewidth}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{scope}
{\small
\node [anchor=west] (s1) at (0,0) {我};
\node [anchor=west] (s2) at ([xshift=1.0em]s1.east) {喜欢};
\node [anchor=west] (s3) at ([xshift=1.0em]s2.east) {{\color{ugreen} 绿}};
\node [anchor=west] (s4) at ([xshift=1.07em]s3.east) {茶};
\node [anchor=east] (s) at (s1.west) {$\textbf{s}=$};
}
\end{scope}
{
\begin{scope}[yshift=-2.0em]
{\small
\node [anchor=west] (t1) at (0.35em,0) {I};
\node [anchor=west] (t2) at ([xshift=0.8em,yshift=-0.0em]t1.east) {like};
\node [anchor=west] (t3) at ([xshift=1.0em,yshift=-0.2em]t2.east) {green};
\node [anchor=west] (t4) at ([xshift=0.78em,yshift=0.1em]t3.east) {tea};
\node [anchor=east] (t) at ([xshift=-0.3em]t1.west) {$\textbf{t}=$};
}
\end{scope}
\draw [-] (s1.south) -- (t1.north);
\draw [-] (s2.south) ..controls +(south:0.5em) and +(north:0.5em).. (t2.north);
\draw [-] (s3.south) ..controls +(south:0.5em) and +(north:0.5em).. (t3.north);
\draw [-] (s4.south) -- (t4.north);
}%visible<2->
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{minipage}
\ No newline at end of file
Book/Chapter4/Figures/example-of-translation-black-tea-1.tex 0 → 100644
%%%------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%%% 基于单词的模型的问题
{\small
\begin{tabular}{l | l}
单词翻译表 & P \\ \hline
我 $\to$ I & 0.6 \\
喜欢 $\to$ like & 0.3 \\
红 $\to$ red & 0.8 \\
红 $\to$ black & 0.1 \\
茶 $\to$ tea & 0.8\\
\end{tabular}
}
Book/Chapter4/Figures/example-of-translation-black-tea-2.tex 0 → 100644
%%%------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%%% 基于单词的模型的问题
\begin{minipage}[c]{0.35\linewidth}
\vspace{1em}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{scope}
{\small
\node [anchor=west] (s1) at (0,0) {我};
\node [anchor=west] (s2) at ([xshift=1.0em]s1.east) {喜欢};
\node [anchor=west] (s3) at ([xshift=1.0em]s2.east) {\red{红}};
\node [anchor=west] (s4) at ([xshift=1.0em]s3.east) {茶};
\node [anchor=east] (s) at (s1.west) {$\textbf{s}=$};
}
\end{scope}
{
\begin{scope}[yshift=-2.0em]
{\small
\node [anchor=west] (t1) at (0.35em,0) {I};
\node [anchor=west] (t2) at ([xshift=0.8em,yshift=-0.0em]t1.east) {like};
\node [anchor=west] (t3) at ([xshift=1.0em,yshift=-0.0em]t2.east) {red};
\node [anchor=west] (t4) at ([xshift=1.0em,yshift=-0.1em]t3.east) {tea};
\node [anchor=east] (t) at ([xshift=-0.3em]t1.west) {$\textbf{t}=$};
}
\end{scope}
\draw [-] (s1.south) -- (t1.north);
\draw [-] (s2.south) ..controls +(south:0.5em) and +(north:0.5em).. (t2.north);
\draw [-] (s3.south) ..controls +(south:0.5em) and +(north:0.5em).. (t3.north);
\draw [-] (s4.south) ..controls +(south:0.5em) and +(north:0.5em).. (t4.north);
}%visible<4->
\begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
{
\node [rectangle,draw=red,thick,inner sep=0.2em,fill=white,drop shadow] [fit = (t3) (t4)] (problemphrase) {};
\node [anchor=north,red,text width=8em,align=left] (problemlabel) at (problemphrase.south) {\begin{spacing}{0.8}\scriptsize{``红 茶''为一种搭配，应该翻译为``black tea''}\end{spacing}};
}
\end{pgfonlayer}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{minipage}
Book/Chapter4/Figures/example-of-translation-use-syntactic-structure.tex 0 → 100644
%%%------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%%% 基于句法的模型
\begin{center}
\begin{tikzpicture}
%% example
\begin{scope}[xshift=-0.1in,yshift=-1.5in]
{\tiny
\node[anchor=west] (ref) at (0,0) {{{人工翻译:}} {\red{After}} North Korea demanded concessions from U.S. again before the start of a new round of six-nation talks ...};
\node[anchor=north west] (hifst) at ([yshift=-0.3em]ref.south west) {{{机器翻译:}} \blue{In}\black{} the new round of six-nation talks on North Korea again demanded that U.S. in the former promise ...};
{
\node[anchor=north west] (synhifst) at ([yshift=-0.3em]hifst.south west) {\sffamily\bfseries{better?:}};
\node[anchor=west, fill=red!20!white, inner sep=0.3em] (synhifstpart1) at ([xshift=-0.5em]synhifst.east) {After};
\node[anchor=west, fill=blue!20!white, inner sep=0.25em] (synhifstpart2) at ([xshift=0.1em,yshift=-0.05em]synhifstpart1.east) {North Korea again demanded that U.S. promised concessions before the new round of six-nation talks};
\node[anchor=west] (synhifstpart3) at ([xshift=-0.2em]synhifstpart2.east) {...};
}
\node [anchor=west] (inputlabel) at ([yshift=-0.4in]synhifst.west) {\sffamily\bfseries{Input:}};
\node [anchor=west,minimum height=12pt] (inputseg1) at (inputlabel.east) {在$_1$ };
\node [anchor=west,minimum height=12pt] (inputseg2) at ([xshift=0.2em]inputseg1.east) {北韩$_2$ 再度$_3$ 要求$_4$ 美国$_5$ 于$_6$ 新$_7$ 回合$_8$ 六$_9$ 国$_{10}$ 会谈$_{11}$ 前$_{12}$ 承诺$_{13}$ 让步$_{14}$};
\node [anchor=west,minimum height=12pt] (inputseg3) at ([xshift=0.2em]inputseg2.east) {后$_{15}$};
\node [anchor=west,minimum height=12pt] (inputseg4) at ([xshift=0.2em]inputseg3.east) {,$_{16}$};
\node [anchor=west,minimum height=12pt] (inputseg5) at ([xshift=0.2em]inputseg4.east) {...};
{
\node [anchor=north,inner sep=2pt] (synlabel1) at ([yshift=-0.34in]inputseg2.south) {\scriptsize{PP}};
\node [anchor=north,inner sep=2pt] (synlabel2) at ([yshift=-0.34in]inputseg4.south) {\scriptsize{PU}};
\node [anchor=north,inner sep=2pt] (synlabel3) at ([yshift=-0.34in]inputseg5.south) {\scriptsize{VP}};
\node [anchor=north,inner sep=2pt] (synlabel4) at ([xshift=1.6in,yshift=-0.35in]synlabel1.south) {\scriptsize{VP}};
\draw [-] (inputseg1.south west) -- (inputseg3.south east) -- (synlabel1.north) -- cycle;
\draw [-] (inputseg4.south) -- (synlabel2.north);
\draw [-] (inputseg5.south) -- (synlabel3.north);
\draw [-] (synlabel1.south) -- (synlabel4.north);
\draw [-] (synlabel2.south) -- (synlabel4.north);
\draw [-] (synlabel3.south) -- (synlabel4.north);
}
{
\node [anchor=north east,align=left] (nolimitlabel) at (synlabel1.south west) {\tiny{短语结构树很容易捕捉}\\\tiny{这种介词短语结构}};
}
{
\node [anchor=west,minimum height=12pt,fill=red!20] (inputseg1) at (inputlabel.east) {在$_1$ };
\node [anchor=west,minimum height=12pt,fill=blue!20] (inputseg2) at ([xshift=0.2em]inputseg1.east) {北韩$_2$ 再度$_3$ 要求$_4$ 美国$_5$ 于$_6$ 新$_7$ 回合$_8$ 六$_9$ 国$_{10}$ 会谈$_{11}$ 前$_{12}$ 承诺$_{13}$ 让步$_{14}$};
\node [anchor=west,minimum height=12pt,fill=red!20] (inputseg3) at ([xshift=0.2em]inputseg2.east) {后$_{15}$};
\path [draw,->,dashed] (inputseg1.north) .. controls +(north:0.2) and +(south:0.3) .. ([xshift=1em]synhifstpart1.south);
\path [draw,->,dashed] (inputseg3.north) .. controls +(north:0.2) and +(south:0.6) .. ([xshift=1em]synhifstpart1.south);
\path [draw,->,dashed] ([xshift=-0.5in]inputseg2.north) -- ([xshift=-0.6in]synhifstpart2.south);
}
}
\end{scope}
%% end of example
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{center}
\ No newline at end of file
Book/Chapter4/Figures/example-of-tree-structure-correspondence.tex 0 → 100644
%%%------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%%% 规则实例(树到树)
\begin{center}
\begin{tikzpicture}
{\scriptsize
\begin{scope}[sibling distance=5pt, level distance = 22pt]
\Tree[.\node(s1){VP}; [.\node(s2){PP}; ] [.\node(s3){VP}; [.\node(s4){VV}; \node[fill=white](w1){表示}; ] [.\node(s5){NN}; ] ] ]
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}[xshift=2in,sibling distance=5pt, level distance = 22pt]
\Tree[.\node(t1){VP}; [.\node(t2){VBZ}; \node(w2){was}; ] [.\node(t3){VP}; [.\node(t4){VBN}; ] [.\node(t5){PP}; ] ] ]
\end{scope}
\begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
\node [anchor=west] (arrow) at ([xshift=3em]s5.east) {\Large{\textbf{$\to$}}};{
\node [inner sep=0,fill=blue!20] [fit = (s2)] (snode1) {};
\node [inner sep=0,fill=red!20] [fit = (s5)] (snode2) {};
\node [inner sep=0,fill=red!20] [fit = (t4)] (tnode1) {};
\node [inner sep=0,fill=blue!20] [fit = (t5)] (tnode2) {};
\draw [<->,dotted,thick] (snode2.south) ..controls +(south:2.5em) and +(south:2.5em).. (tnode1.south);
\draw [<->,dotted,thick] (snode1.south) ..controls +(south:8em) and +(south:4.5em).. (tnode2.south);
}
\end{pgfonlayer}
}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{center}
\ No newline at end of file
Book/Chapter4/Figures/example-of-tree-to-string-rule-and-word-alignment.tex 0 → 100644
%%%------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%%% 翻译规则抽取本质上是要完成对树结构的切割
\begin{center}
\begin{tikzpicture}
{\footnotesize
\begin{scope}[sibling distance=25pt, level distance=20pt]
\Tree[.\node(n1){IP};
[.\node(n2){NP}; [.\node(n3){PN}; \node(cw1){他}; ]]
[.\node(n4){VP};
[.\node(n5){PP};
[.\node(n6){P}; \node(cw2){对}; ]
[.\node(n7){NP};
[.\node(n8){NN}; \node(cw3){回答}; ]
]
]
[.\node(n9){VP};
[.\node(n10){VV}; \node(cw4){表示}; ]
[.\node(n11){NN}; \node(cw5){满意}; ]
]
]
]
\node[anchor=north,minimum size=18pt] (tw1) at ([yshift=-6.0em]cw1.south){he};
\node[anchor=west,minimum size=18pt] (tw2) at ([yshift=-0.1em,xshift=1.1em]tw1.east){was};
\node[anchor=west,minimum size=18pt] (tw3) at ([yshift=0.1em,xshift=1.1em]tw2.east){satisfied};
\node[anchor=west,minimum size=18pt] (tw4) at ([xshift=1.1em]tw3.east){with};
\node[anchor=west,minimum size=18pt] (tw5) at ([xshift=1.1em]tw4.east){the};
\node[anchor=west,minimum size=18pt] (tw6) at ([yshift=-0.1em,xshift=1.1em]tw5.east){answer};
\draw[dashed] (cw1.south) -- ([yshift=-0.4em]tw1.north);
\draw[dashed] (cw2.south) .. controls +(south:1.6) and +(north:0.6) .. ([yshift=-0.4em]tw4.north);
\draw[dashed] (cw3.south) -- ([yshift=-0.4em]tw5.north);
\draw[dashed] (cw3.south) -- ([yshift=-0.4em]tw6.north);
\draw[dashed] (cw4.south) .. controls +(south:2.0) and +(north:0.6) .. ([yshift=-0.4em]tw3.north);
\draw[dashed] (cw5.south) .. controls +(south:2.0) and +(north:0.6) .. ([yshift=-0.4em]tw3.north);
\begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
{
\node [rectangle,inner sep=0em,fill=red!20] [fit = (cw2) (cw3) (n5)] (rule1s) {};
\node [rectangle,inner sep=0em,fill=red!20] [fit = (tw4) (tw5) (tw6)] (rule1t) {};
}
{
\node [rectangle,inner sep=0em,fill=blue!20] [fit = (cw5) (n11)] (rule2s) {};
\node [rectangle,inner sep=0em,fill=blue!20] [fit = (tw3)] (rule2t) {};
}
\end{pgfonlayer}
{
\node [anchor=south] (rule1label) at ([xshift=1em]rule1s.north west) {\scriptsize\sffamily\bfseries{\red{正确的规则}}};
}
{
\node [anchor=north west,align=left] (rule2label) at (rule2s.north east) {\scriptsize{\sffamily\bfseries{\color{blue} 错误的规则}}\\\scriptsize{因为``satisfied''会}\\\scriptsize{对齐到规则外，}\\\scriptsize{也就是这条规则}\\\scriptsize{与词对齐不相容}};
}
\end{scope}
}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{center}
\ No newline at end of file
Book/Chapter4/Figures/example-of-vocabulary-translation-probability.tex 0 → 100644
%%%------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%%% 如何度量短语的好坏
\begin{center}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\tikzstyle{elementnode} = [rectangle,text=white,anchor=center]
\tikzstyle{srcnode} = [font=\small,anchor=south west]
\tikzstyle{tgtnode} = [left,font=\small,anchor=north east]
\tikzstyle{alignmentnode} = [rectangle,draw,minimum height=3.6*1.1cm,minimum width=0.36*1.1cm]
\tikzstyle{probnode} = [fill=blue!30,minimum width=0.4*1.1cm]
\tikzstyle{labelnode} = [above]
% alignment matrix1
\begin{scope}[scale=0.9,yshift=0.12in]
\foreach \i / \j / \c in
{0/3/0.15, 1/3/0.15, 2/3/0.15, 3/3/0.15, 4/3/0.15,
0/2/0.15, 1/2/0.15, 2/2/0.15, 3/2/0.15, 4/2/0.15,
0/1/0.15, 1/1/0.15, 2/1/0.15, 3/1/0.15, 4/1/0.15,
0/0/0.15, 1/0/0.15, 2/0/0.15, 3/0/0.15, 4/0/0.15}
\node[elementnode,minimum size=0.6*1.1cm*\c,inner sep=0.1pt,fill=blue] (a\i\j) at (0.5*1.1cm*\i-5.4*0.5*1.1cm,0.5*1.1cm*\j-1.05*1.1cm) {};
% source
\node[srcnode] (tgt01) at (-5.9*0.5*1.1cm,-1.05*1.1cm+3.4*0.5*1.1cm) {\scriptsize{$t_1$}};
\node[srcnode] (tgt02) at ([xshift=0.5*1.1cm]tgt01.south west) {\scriptsize{$t_2$}};
\node[srcnode] (tgt03) at ([xshift=0.5*1.1cm]tgt02.south west) {\scriptsize{$t_3$}};
\node[srcnode] (tgt04) at ([xshift=0.5*1.1cm]tgt03.south west) {\scriptsize{$t_4$}};
\node[srcnode] (tgt05) at ([xshift=0.5*1.1cm]tgt04.south west) {\scriptsize{$N$}};
% target
\node[tgtnode] (src01) at (-6.0*0.5*1.1cm,-1.05*1.1cm+3.3*0.5*1.1cm) {\scriptsize{$s_1$}};
\node[tgtnode] (src02) at ([yshift=-0.5*1.1cm]src01.north east) {\scriptsize{$s_2$}};
\node[tgtnode] (src03) at ([yshift=-0.5*1.1cm]src02.north east) {\scriptsize{$s_3$}};
\node[tgtnode] (src04) at ([yshift=-0.5*1.1cm]src03.north east) {\scriptsize{$s_4$}};
% word alignment
\node[align=center,elementnode,minimum size=0.3cm,inner sep=0.1pt,fill=blue!50] (la1) at (a03) {};
\node[align=center,elementnode,minimum size=0.3cm,inner sep=0.1pt,fill=blue!50] (la2) at (a12) {};
\node[align=center,elementnode,minimum size=0.3cm,inner sep=0.1pt,fill=blue!50] (la3) at (a22) {};
\node[align=center,elementnode,minimum size=0.3cm,inner sep=0.1pt,fill=blue!50] (la4) at (a41) {};
\node[align=center,elementnode,minimum size=0.3cm,inner sep=0.1pt,fill=blue!50] (la5) at (a30) {};
\node[anchor=west] (f1) at ([xshift=3em,yshift=0.8em]a43.east) {\footnotesize{$\textrm{P}_{lex}(\bar{t}|\bar{s})=w(t_1|s_1)\times$}};
\node[anchor=north] (f2) at ([xshift=5.2em]f1.south) {\footnotesize{$\frac{1}{2}(w(t_2|s_2)+w(t_4|s_2))\times$}};
\node[anchor=north west] (f3) at (f2.south west) {\footnotesize{$w(N|s_3)\times$}};
\node[anchor=north west] (f4) at (f3.south west) {\footnotesize{$w(t_4|s_4)\times$}};
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{center}
\ No newline at end of file
Book/Chapter4/Figures/example-of-zh2en-translation-base-phrase.tex 0 → 100644
%%%------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%%% 什么是短语
\begin{center}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{scope}[minimum height = 18pt]
{\scriptsize
\node[anchor=north,fill=green!20] (s1) at (0,0) {进口};
\node [anchor=north,fill=red!20] (s2) at ([xshift=4em,yshift=0em]s1.north) {大幅度};
\node[anchor=north,fill=blue!20] (s3) at ([xshift=4.5em,yshift=0em]s2.north) {下降 了};
\node[anchor=west,fill=green!20] (t1) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-4em]s1.west) {the imports have};
\node[anchor=north,fill=red!20] (t2) at ([xshift=8em,yshift=0em]t1.north) {drastically};
\node[anchor=north,fill=blue!20] (t3) at ([xshift=5.7em,yshift=0em]t2.north) {fallen};
\path[<->, thick] (s1.south) edge (t1.north);
\path[<->, thick] (s2.south) edge (t2.north);
\path[<->, thick] (s3.south) edge (t3.north);
}
\node[anchor=south] (s0) at ([xshift=-3em,yshift=0em]s1.south) {源语:};
\node[anchor=east] (t0) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-2.85em]s0.east) {目标语:};
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{center}
\ No newline at end of file
Book/Chapter4/Figures/examples-of-translation-with-complex-ordering.tex 0 → 100644
%------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%%% 在MT中使用句法带来的好处
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{scope}[yshift=-0in]
{\tiny
\node[anchor=west] (ref) at (0,0) {{\sffamily\bfseries{参考答案:}} The Chinese star performance troupe presented a wonderful Peking opera as well as singing and dancing };
\node[anchor=north west] (ref2) at (ref.south west) {{\color{white} \sffamily\bfseries{Reference:}} performance to Hong Kong audience .};
\node[anchor=north west] (hifst) at (ref2.south west) {{\sffamily\bfseries{层次短语系统:}} Star troupe of China, highlights of Peking opera and dance show to the audience of Hong Kong .};
\node[anchor=north west] (synhifst) at (hifst.south west) {{\sffamily\bfseries{句法系统:}} Chinese star troupe};
\node[anchor=west, fill=green!20!white, inner sep=0.25em] (synhifstpart2) at (synhifst.east) {presented};
\node[anchor=west, fill=blue!20!white, inner sep=0.25em] (synhifstpart3) at ([xshift=0.2em]synhifstpart2.east) {a wonderful Peking opera singing and dancing};
\node[anchor=west, fill=red!20!white, inner sep=0.40em] (synhifstpart4) at ([xshift=0.2em]synhifstpart3.east) {to};
\node[anchor=west, fill=purple!20!white, inner sep=0.25em] (synhifstpart5) at ([xshift=0.2em]synhifstpart4.east) {Hong Kong audience};
\node[anchor=west] (synhifstpart6) at (synhifstpart5.east) {.};
\node[anchor=north west] (input) at ([yshift=-10em]synhifst.south west) {\sffamily\bfseries{源语句法树:}};
\begin{scope}[scale = 0.9, grow'=up, sibling distance=15pt, level distance=23pt, xshift=2.8in, yshift=-2.8in]
\Tree[.\node(tn1){IP};
[.\node(tn2){NP}; \edge[roof]; \node[](seg1){中国$_1$ 明星$_2$ 艺术团$_3$}; ]
[.\node(tn3){VP};
[.\node(tn4){BA}; \node[fill=red!20!white](seg2){将$_4$}; ]
[.\node(tn5){NP}; \edge[roof]; \node[fill=blue!20!white](seg3){一$_5$ 台$_6$ 精彩$_7$ 的$_8$ 京剧$_9$ 歌舞$_{10}$}; ]
[.\node(tn6){VP};
[.\node(tn7){VV}; \node[fill=green!20!white](seg4){呈现$_{11}$}; ]
]
[.\node(tn8){PP};
[.\node(tn9){P}; \node[fill=red!20!white](seg5){给$_{12}$}; ]
[.\node(tn10){NP}; \edge[roof]; \node[fill=purple!20!white](seg6){香港$_{13}$ 观众$_{14}$}; ]
]
]
[.\node(tn11){.}; ]
]
\end{scope}
\path [draw,thick,->,dashed] (seg2.north) .. controls +(north:1.0) and +(south:1.5) .. (synhifstpart4.south);
\path [draw,thick,->,dashed] (seg3.north) -- (synhifstpart3.south);
\path [draw,thick,->,dashed] (seg4.north) -- (synhifstpart2.south);
\path [draw,thick,->,dashed] (seg5.north) .. controls +(north:0.5) .. (synhifstpart4.south);
\path [draw,thick,->,dashed] (seg6.north) -- (synhifstpart5.south);
}
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
\ No newline at end of file
Book/Chapter4/Figures/execution-of-cube-pruning-1.tex 0 → 100644
%------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%%% 立方剪枝
\vspace{0.8em}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\tikzstyle{alignmentnode} = [rectangle,fill=blue!30,minimum size=0.4em,text=white,inner sep=0.1pt]
\tikzstyle{selectnode} = [rectangle,fill=green!20,minimum height=1.5em,minimum width=1.5em,inner sep=1.2pt]
\tikzstyle{srcnode} = [rotate=45,anchor=south west]
\begin{scope}[scale=0.85]
\node [anchor=west] (s1) at (0,0) {\footnotesize{$\textrm{X} \to <\textrm{从}\ \textrm{X}_1,\ \textrm{from}\ \textrm{X}_1>$}};
\node [anchor=east] (s2) at ([yshift=-2em]s1.east) {\footnotesize{$\textrm{X} \to <\textrm{从}\ \textrm{X}_1,\ \textrm{since}\ \textrm{X}_1>$}};
\node [anchor=east] (s3) at ([yshift=-2em]s2.east) {\footnotesize{$\textrm{X} \to <\textrm{从}\ \textrm{X}_1,\ \textrm{from the}\ \textrm{X}_1>$}};
\node [anchor=east] (s4) at ([yshift=-2em]s3.east) {\footnotesize{$\textrm{X} \to <\textrm{从}\ \textrm{X}_1,\ \textrm{through}\ \textrm{X}_1>$}};
\node [anchor=center,alignmentnode] (alig1) at ([xshift=-3.5em,yshift=8em]s1.north) {};
\node [anchor=center,alignmentnode] (alig11) at ([xshift=2.2em]alig1.center) {};
\node [anchor=center,alignmentnode] (alig12) at ([xshift=2.2em]alig11.center) {};
\node [anchor=center,alignmentnode] (alig13) at ([xshift=2.2em]alig12.center) {};
\node [anchor=center,alignmentnode] (alig2) at ([yshift=-2.2em]alig1.center) {};
\node [anchor=center,alignmentnode] (alig21) at ([xshift=2.2em]alig2.center) {};
\node [anchor=center,alignmentnode] (alig22) at ([xshift=2.2em]alig21.center) {};
\node [anchor=center,alignmentnode] (alig23) at ([xshift=2.2em]alig22.center) {};
\node [anchor=center,alignmentnode] (alig3) at ([yshift=-2.2em]alig2.center) {};
\node [anchor=center,alignmentnode] (alig31) at ([xshift=2.2em]alig3.center) {};
\node [anchor=center,alignmentnode] (alig32) at ([xshift=2.2em]alig31.center) {};
\node [anchor=center,alignmentnode] (alig33) at ([xshift=2.2em]alig32.center) {};
\node [anchor=center,alignmentnode] (alig4) at ([yshift=-2.2em]alig3.center) {};
\node [anchor=center,alignmentnode] (alig41) at ([xshift=2.2em]alig4.center) {};
\node [anchor=center,alignmentnode] (alig42) at ([xshift=2.2em]alig41.center) {};
\node [anchor=center,alignmentnode] (alig43) at ([xshift=2.2em]alig42.center) {};
\node[srcnode] (c1) at ([yshift=1em]alig1.north) {\footnotesize{plan}};
\node[srcnode] (c2) at ([yshift=1em]alig11.north) {\footnotesize{scheme}};
\node[srcnode] (c3) at ([yshift=1em]alig12.north) {\footnotesize{project}};
\node[srcnode] (c4) at ([yshift=1em]alig13.north) {\footnotesize{times}};
{
\node [anchor=center,selectnode] (c1) at (alig1.center) {\footnotesize{2.1}};
}
{
\node [anchor=center,selectnode,fill=red!20] (c2) at (alig11.center) {\footnotesize{5.1}};
\node [anchor=center,selectnode,fill=red!20] (c3) at (alig2.center) {\footnotesize{5.5}};
}
{
\node [anchor=center,selectnode] (c2) at (alig11.center) {\footnotesize{5.1}};
\node [anchor=center,selectnode] (c3) at (alig2.center) {\footnotesize{5.5}};
\node [anchor=center,selectnode,fill=red!20] (c5) at (alig21.center) {\footnotesize{8.5}};
\node [anchor=center,selectnode,fill=red!20] (c6) at (alig3.center) {\footnotesize{7.7}};
}
{
\node [anchor=center,selectnode] (c5) at (alig21.center) {\footnotesize{8.5}};
\node [anchor=center,selectnode] (c6) at (alig3.center) {\footnotesize{7.7}};
\node [anchor=center,selectnode,fill=red!20] (c7) at (alig22.center) {\footnotesize{4.2}};
\node [anchor=center,selectnode,fill=red!20] (c8) at (alig31.center) {\footnotesize{8.2}};
}
\draw [->,thick] ([xshift=-1.0em,yshift=1.0em]alig1.north west)--([xshift=-1.0em,yshift=-0.7em]alig4.south west);
\draw [->,thick] ([xshift=-1.0em,yshift=1.0em]alig1.north west)--([xshift=0.8em,yshift=1.0em]alig13.north east);
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
Book/Chapter4/Figures/execution-of-cube-pruning-2.tex 0 → 100644
%------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%%% 立方剪枝
\vspace{0.8em}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\tikzstyle{alignmentnode} = [rectangle,fill=blue!30,minimum size=0.4em,text=white,inner sep=0.1pt]
\tikzstyle{selectnode} = [rectangle,fill=green!20,minimum height=1.5em,minimum width=1.5em,inner sep=1.2pt]
\tikzstyle{srcnode} = [rotate=45,anchor=south west]
\begin{scope}[scale=0.85]
\node [anchor=west] (s1) at (0,0) {\footnotesize{$\textrm{X} \to <\textrm{从}\ \textrm{X}_1,\ \textrm{from}\ \textrm{X}_1>$}};
\node [anchor=east] (s2) at ([yshift=-2em]s1.east) {\footnotesize{$\textrm{X} \to <\textrm{从}\ \textrm{X}_1,\ \textrm{since}\ \textrm{X}_1>$}};
\node [anchor=east] (s3) at ([yshift=-2em]s2.east) {\footnotesize{$\textrm{X} \to <\textrm{从}\ \textrm{X}_1,\ \textrm{from the}\ \textrm{X}_1>$}};
\node [anchor=east] (s4) at ([yshift=-2em]s3.east) {\footnotesize{$\textrm{X} \to <\textrm{从}\ \textrm{X}_1,\ \textrm{through}\ \textrm{X}_1>$}};
\node [anchor=center,alignmentnode] (alig1) at ([xshift=-3.5em,yshift=8em]s1.north) {};
\node [anchor=center,alignmentnode] (alig11) at ([xshift=2.2em]alig1.center) {};
\node [anchor=center,alignmentnode] (alig12) at ([xshift=2.2em]alig11.center) {};
\node [anchor=center,alignmentnode] (alig13) at ([xshift=2.2em]alig12.center) {};
\node [anchor=center,alignmentnode] (alig2) at ([yshift=-2.2em]alig1.center) {};
\node [anchor=center,alignmentnode] (alig21) at ([xshift=2.2em]alig2.center) {};
\node [anchor=center,alignmentnode] (alig22) at ([xshift=2.2em]alig21.center) {};
\node [anchor=center,alignmentnode] (alig23) at ([xshift=2.2em]alig22.center) {};
\node [anchor=center,alignmentnode] (alig3) at ([yshift=-2.2em]alig2.center) {};
\node [anchor=center,alignmentnode] (alig31) at ([xshift=2.2em]alig3.center) {};
\node [anchor=center,alignmentnode] (alig32) at ([xshift=2.2em]alig31.center) {};
\node [anchor=center,alignmentnode] (alig33) at ([xshift=2.2em]alig32.center) {};
\node [anchor=center,alignmentnode] (alig4) at ([yshift=-2.2em]alig3.center) {};
\node [anchor=center,alignmentnode] (alig41) at ([xshift=2.2em]alig4.center) {};
\node [anchor=center,alignmentnode] (alig42) at ([xshift=2.2em]alig41.center) {};
\node [anchor=center,alignmentnode] (alig43) at ([xshift=2.2em]alig42.center) {};
\node[srcnode] (c1) at ([yshift=1em]alig1.north) {\footnotesize{plan}};
\node[srcnode] (c2) at ([yshift=1em]alig11.north) {\footnotesize{scheme}};
\node[srcnode] (c3) at ([yshift=1em]alig12.north) {\footnotesize{project}};
\node[srcnode] (c4) at ([yshift=1em]alig13.north) {\footnotesize{times}};
{
\node [anchor=center,selectnode] (c1) at (alig1.center) {\footnotesize{2.1}};
}
{
\node [anchor=center,selectnode,fill=red!20] (c2) at (alig11.center) {\footnotesize{5.1}};
\node [anchor=center,selectnode,fill=red!20] (c3) at (alig2.center) {\footnotesize{5.5}};
}
{
\node [anchor=center,selectnode] (c2) at (alig11.center) {\footnotesize{5.1}};
\node [anchor=center,selectnode] (c3) at (alig2.center) {\footnotesize{5.5}};
\node [anchor=center,selectnode,fill=red!20] (c5) at (alig21.center) {\footnotesize{8.5}};
\node [anchor=center,selectnode,fill=red!20] (c6) at (alig3.center) {\footnotesize{7.7}};
}
{
\node [anchor=center,selectnode] (c5) at (alig21.center) {\footnotesize{8.5}};
\node [anchor=center,selectnode] (c6) at (alig3.center) {\footnotesize{7.7}};
\node [anchor=center,selectnode,fill=red!20] (c7) at (alig22.center) {\footnotesize{4.2}};
\node [anchor=center,selectnode,fill=red!20] (c8) at (alig31.center) {\footnotesize{8.2}};
}
\draw [->,thick] ([xshift=-1.0em,yshift=1.0em]alig1.north west)--([xshift=-1.0em,yshift=-0.7em]alig4.south west);
\draw [->,thick] ([xshift=-1.0em,yshift=1.0em]alig1.north west)--([xshift=0.8em,yshift=1.0em]alig13.north east);
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
Book/Chapter4/Figures/execution-of-cube-pruning-3.tex 0 → 100644
%------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%%% 立方剪枝
\vspace{0.8em}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\tikzstyle{alignmentnode} = [rectangle,fill=blue!30,minimum size=0.4em,text=white,inner sep=0.1pt]
\tikzstyle{selectnode} = [rectangle,fill=green!20,minimum height=1.5em,minimum width=1.5em,inner sep=1.2pt]
\tikzstyle{srcnode} = [rotate=45,anchor=south west]
\begin{scope}[scale=0.85]
\node [anchor=west] (s1) at (0,0) {\footnotesize{$\textrm{X} \to <\textrm{从}\ \textrm{X}_1,\ \textrm{from}\ \textrm{X}_1>$}};
\node [anchor=east] (s2) at ([yshift=-2em]s1.east) {\footnotesize{$\textrm{X} \to <\textrm{从}\ \textrm{X}_1,\ \textrm{since}\ \textrm{X}_1>$}};
\node [anchor=east] (s3) at ([yshift=-2em]s2.east) {\footnotesize{$\textrm{X} \to <\textrm{从}\ \textrm{X}_1,\ \textrm{from the}\ \textrm{X}_1>$}};
\node [anchor=east] (s4) at ([yshift=-2em]s3.east) {\footnotesize{$\textrm{X} \to <\textrm{从}\ \textrm{X}_1,\ \textrm{through}\ \textrm{X}_1>$}};
\node [anchor=center,alignmentnode] (alig1) at ([xshift=-3.5em,yshift=8em]s1.north) {};
\node [anchor=center,alignmentnode] (alig11) at ([xshift=2.2em]alig1.center) {};
\node [anchor=center,alignmentnode] (alig12) at ([xshift=2.2em]alig11.center) {};
\node [anchor=center,alignmentnode] (alig13) at ([xshift=2.2em]alig12.center) {};
\node [anchor=center,alignmentnode] (alig2) at ([yshift=-2.2em]alig1.center) {};
\node [anchor=center,alignmentnode] (alig21) at ([xshift=2.2em]alig2.center) {};
\node [anchor=center,alignmentnode] (alig22) at ([xshift=2.2em]alig21.center) {};
\node [anchor=center,alignmentnode] (alig23) at ([xshift=2.2em]alig22.center) {};
\node [anchor=center,alignmentnode] (alig3) at ([yshift=-2.2em]alig2.center) {};
\node [anchor=center,alignmentnode] (alig31) at ([xshift=2.2em]alig3.center) {};
\node [anchor=center,alignmentnode] (alig32) at ([xshift=2.2em]alig31.center) {};
\node [anchor=center,alignmentnode] (alig33) at ([xshift=2.2em]alig32.center) {};
\node [anchor=center,alignmentnode] (alig4) at ([yshift=-2.2em]alig3.center) {};
\node [anchor=center,alignmentnode] (alig41) at ([xshift=2.2em]alig4.center) {};
\node [anchor=center,alignmentnode] (alig42) at ([xshift=2.2em]alig41.center) {};
\node [anchor=center,alignmentnode] (alig43) at ([xshift=2.2em]alig42.center) {};
\node[srcnode] (c1) at ([yshift=1em]alig1.north) {\footnotesize{plan}};
\node[srcnode] (c2) at ([yshift=1em]alig11.north) {\footnotesize{scheme}};
\node[srcnode] (c3) at ([yshift=1em]alig12.north) {\footnotesize{project}};
\node[srcnode] (c4) at ([yshift=1em]alig13.north) {\footnotesize{times}};
{
\node [anchor=center,selectnode] (c1) at (alig1.center) {\footnotesize{2.1}};
}
{
\node [anchor=center,selectnode,fill=red!20] (c2) at (alig11.center) {\footnotesize{5.1}};
\node [anchor=center,selectnode,fill=red!20] (c3) at (alig2.center) {\footnotesize{5.5}};
}
{
\node [anchor=center,selectnode] (c2) at (alig11.center) {\footnotesize{5.1}};
\node [anchor=center,selectnode] (c3) at (alig2.center) {\footnotesize{5.5}};
\node [anchor=center,selectnode,fill=red!20] (c5) at (alig21.center) {\footnotesize{8.5}};
\node [anchor=center,selectnode,fill=red!20] (c6) at (alig3.center) {\footnotesize{7.7}};
}
{
\node [anchor=center,selectnode] (c5) at (alig21.center) {\footnotesize{8.5}};
\node [anchor=center,selectnode] (c6) at (alig3.center) {\footnotesize{7.7}};
\node [anchor=center,selectnode,fill=red!20] (c7) at (alig22.center) {\footnotesize{4.2}};
\node [anchor=center,selectnode,fill=red!20] (c8) at (alig31.center) {\footnotesize{8.2}};
}
\draw [->,thick] ([xshift=-1.0em,yshift=1.0em]alig1.north west)--([xshift=-1.0em,yshift=-0.7em]alig4.south west);
\draw [->,thick] ([xshift=-1.0em,yshift=1.0em]alig1.north west)--([xshift=0.8em,yshift=1.0em]alig13.north east);
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
Book/Chapter4/Figures/execution-of-cube-pruning-4.tex 0 → 100644
%------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%%% 立方剪枝
\vspace{0.8em}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\tikzstyle{alignmentnode} = [rectangle,fill=blue!30,minimum size=0.4em,text=white,inner sep=0.1pt]
\tikzstyle{selectnode} = [rectangle,fill=green!20,minimum height=1.5em,minimum width=1.5em,inner sep=1.2pt]
\tikzstyle{srcnode} = [rotate=45,anchor=south west]
\begin{scope}[scale=0.85]
\node [anchor=west] (s1) at (0,0) {\footnotesize{$\textrm{X} \to <\textrm{从}\ \textrm{X}_1,\ \textrm{from}\ \textrm{X}_1>$}};
\node [anchor=east] (s2) at ([yshift=-2em]s1.east) {\footnotesize{$\textrm{X} \to <\textrm{从}\ \textrm{X}_1,\ \textrm{since}\ \textrm{X}_1>$}};
\node [anchor=east] (s3) at ([yshift=-2em]s2.east) {\footnotesize{$\textrm{X} \to <\textrm{从}\ \textrm{X}_1,\ \textrm{from the}\ \textrm{X}_1>$}};
\node [anchor=east] (s4) at ([yshift=-2em]s3.east) {\footnotesize{$\textrm{X} \to <\textrm{从}\ \textrm{X}_1,\ \textrm{through}\ \textrm{X}_1>$}};
\node [anchor=center,alignmentnode] (alig1) at ([xshift=-3.5em,yshift=8em]s1.north) {};
\node [anchor=center,alignmentnode] (alig11) at ([xshift=2.2em]alig1.center) {};
\node [anchor=center,alignmentnode] (alig12) at ([xshift=2.2em]alig11.center) {};
\node [anchor=center,alignmentnode] (alig13) at ([xshift=2.2em]alig12.center) {};
\node [anchor=center,alignmentnode] (alig2) at ([yshift=-2.2em]alig1.center) {};
\node [anchor=center,alignmentnode] (alig21) at ([xshift=2.2em]alig2.center) {};
\node [anchor=center,alignmentnode] (alig22) at ([xshift=2.2em]alig21.center) {};
\node [anchor=center,alignmentnode] (alig23) at ([xshift=2.2em]alig22.center) {};
\node [anchor=center,alignmentnode] (alig3) at ([yshift=-2.2em]alig2.center) {};
\node [anchor=center,alignmentnode] (alig31) at ([xshift=2.2em]alig3.center) {};
\node [anchor=center,alignmentnode] (alig32) at ([xshift=2.2em]alig31.center) {};
\node [anchor=center,alignmentnode] (alig33) at ([xshift=2.2em]alig32.center) {};
\node [anchor=center,alignmentnode] (alig4) at ([yshift=-2.2em]alig3.center) {};
\node [anchor=center,alignmentnode] (alig41) at ([xshift=2.2em]alig4.center) {};
\node [anchor=center,alignmentnode] (alig42) at ([xshift=2.2em]alig41.center) {};
\node [anchor=center,alignmentnode] (alig43) at ([xshift=2.2em]alig42.center) {};
\node[srcnode] (c1) at ([yshift=1em]alig1.north) {\footnotesize{plan}};
\node[srcnode] (c2) at ([yshift=1em]alig11.north) {\footnotesize{scheme}};
\node[srcnode] (c3) at ([yshift=1em]alig12.north) {\footnotesize{project}};
\node[srcnode] (c4) at ([yshift=1em]alig13.north) {\footnotesize{times}};
{
\node [anchor=center,selectnode] (c1) at (alig1.center) {\footnotesize{2.1}};
}
{
\node [anchor=center,selectnode,fill=red!20] (c2) at (alig11.center) {\footnotesize{5.1}};
\node [anchor=center,selectnode,fill=red!20] (c3) at (alig2.center) {\footnotesize{5.5}};
}
{
\node [anchor=center,selectnode] (c2) at (alig11.center) {\footnotesize{5.1}};
\node [anchor=center,selectnode] (c3) at (alig2.center) {\footnotesize{5.5}};
\node [anchor=center,selectnode,fill=red!20] (c5) at (alig21.center) {\footnotesize{8.5}};
\node [anchor=center,selectnode,fill=red!20] (c6) at (alig3.center) {\footnotesize{7.7}};
}
{
\node [anchor=center,selectnode] (c5) at (alig21.center) {\footnotesize{8.5}};
\node [anchor=center,selectnode] (c6) at (alig3.center) {\footnotesize{7.7}};
\node [anchor=center,selectnode,fill=red!20] (c7) at (alig22.center) {\footnotesize{4.2}};
\node [anchor=center,selectnode,fill=red!20] (c8) at (alig31.center) {\footnotesize{8.2}};
}
\draw [->,thick] ([xshift=-1.0em,yshift=1.0em]alig1.north west)--([xshift=-1.0em,yshift=-0.7em]alig4.south west);
\draw [->,thick] ([xshift=-1.0em,yshift=1.0em]alig1.north west)--([xshift=0.8em,yshift=1.0em]alig13.north east);
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
Book/Chapter4/Figures/extract-hierarchical-phrase-rules.tex 0 → 100644
%------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%%% 翻译规则抽取
% 还是David Chiang的论文
\begin{center}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\tikzstyle{elementnode} = [rectangle,text=white,anchor=center]
\tikzstyle{srcnode} = [rotate=45,font=\small,anchor=south west]
\tikzstyle{tgtnode} = [left,font=\small,anchor=north east]
\tikzstyle{alignmentnode} = [rectangle,draw,minimum height=3.6*1.1cm,minimum width=0.36*1.1cm]
\tikzstyle{probnode} = [fill=blue!30,minimum width=0.4*1.1cm]
\tikzstyle{labelnode} = [above]
% alignment matrix
\begin{scope}[scale=1.0,yshift=0.12in]
\foreach \i / \j / \c in
{0/5/0.15, 1/5/0.15, 2/5/0.15, 3/5/0.15, 4/5/0.15, 5/5/0.15, 6/5/0.15, 7/5/0.15,
0/4/0.15, 1/4/0.15, 2/4/0.15, 3/4/0.15, 4/4/0.15, 5/4/0.15, 6/4/0.15, 7/4/0.15,
0/3/0.15, 1/3/0.15, 2/3/0.15, 3/3/0.15, 4/3/0.15, 5/3/0.15, 6/3/0.15, 7/3/0.15,
0/2/0.15, 1/2/0.15, 2/2/0.15, 3/2/0.15, 4/2/0.15, 5/2/0.15, 6/2/0.15, 7/2/0.15,
0/1/0.15, 1/1/0.15, 2/1/0.15, 3/1/0.15, 4/1/0.15, 5/1/0.15, 6/1/0.15, 7/1/0.15,
0/0/0.15, 1/0/0.15, 2/0/0.15, 3/0/0.15, 4/0/0.15, 5/0/0.15, 6/0/0.15, 7/0/0.15}
\node[elementnode,minimum size=0.6*1.1cm*\c,inner sep=0.1pt,fill=blue] (a\i\j) at (0.5*1.1cm*\i-5.4*0.5*1.1cm,0.5*1.1cm*\j-0.05*1.1cm) {};
% source
\node[srcnode] (src1) at (-5.4*0.5*1.1cm,-1.05*1.1cm+7.5*0.5*1.1cm) {\scriptsize{The}};
\node[srcnode] (src2) at ([xshift=0.5*1.1cm]src1.south west) {\scriptsize{weather}};
\node[srcnode] (src3) at ([xshift=0.5*1.1cm]src2.south west) {\scriptsize{is}};
\node[srcnode] (src4) at ([xshift=0.5*1.1cm]src3.south west) {\scriptsize{very}};
\node[srcnode] (src5) at ([xshift=0.5*1.1cm]src4.south west) {\scriptsize{good}};
\node[srcnode] (src6) at ([xshift=0.5*1.1cm]src5.south west) {\scriptsize{today}};
\node[srcnode] (src7) at ([xshift=0.5*1.1cm]src6.south west) {\scriptsize{.}};
\node[srcnode] (src8) at ([xshift=0.5*1.1cm]src7.south west) {\scriptsize{EOS}};
% target
\node[tgtnode] (tgt1) at (-6.0*0.5*1.1cm,-1.05*1.1cm+7.5*0.5*1.1cm) {\scriptsize{今天}};
\node[tgtnode] (tgt2) at ([yshift=-0.5*1.1cm]tgt1.north east) {\scriptsize{天气}};
\node[tgtnode] (tgt3) at ([yshift=-0.5*1.1cm]tgt2.north east) {\scriptsize{真}};
\node[tgtnode] (tgt4) at ([yshift=-0.5*1.1cm]tgt3.north east) {\scriptsize{好}};
\node[tgtnode] (tgt5) at ([yshift=-0.5*1.1cm]tgt4.north east) {\scriptsize{。}};
\node[tgtnode] (tgt6) at ([yshift=-0.5*1.1cm]tgt5.north east) {\scriptsize{EOS}};
% word alignment
\node[align=center,elementnode,minimum size=0.3cm,inner sep=0.1pt,fill=blue!50] (l04) at (a04) {};
\node[align=center,elementnode,minimum size=0.3cm,inner sep=0.1pt,fill=blue!50] (l14) at (a14) {};
\node[align=center,elementnode,minimum size=0.3cm,inner sep=0.1pt,fill=blue!50] (l55) at (a55) {};
\node[align=center,elementnode,minimum size=0.3cm,inner sep=0.1pt,fill=blue!50] (l33) at (a33) {};
\node[align=center,elementnode,minimum size=0.3cm,inner sep=0.1pt,fill=blue!50] (l42) at (a42) {};
\node[align=center,elementnode,minimum size=0.3cm,inner sep=0.1pt,fill=blue!50] (l61) at (a61) {};
\node[align=center,elementnode,minimum size=0.3cm,inner sep=0.1pt,fill=blue!50] (l70) at (a70) {};
\begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
{
\node [rectangle,draw=red,thick,inner sep=0.6em,fill=white,drop shadow] [fit = (a04) (a14) (a24) (a33) (a42)] (phrase1) {};
}
{
\node [rectangle,draw=ugreen,thick,inner sep=0.4em,fill=white,drop shadow] [fit = (a04) (a14)] (phrase2) {};
}
\end{pgfonlayer}
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}[xshift = 1.3in, yshift = 1.8in]
{\scriptsize
\node (phrase) {\textbf{抽取得到的短语:}};
\draw[-] (phrase.south west)--([xshift=1.9in]phrase.south west);
\node[anchor=north west] (rules) at ([yshift=-7.5em]phrase.south west) {\textbf{抽取得到的规则:}};
\draw[-] (rules.south west)--([xshift=1.9in]rules.south west);
{
\node[anchor=north west] (p1) at ([yshift=-0.3em]phrase.south west) {天气真好 -- The weather is very good};
}
{
\node[anchor=north west] (r1) at ([yshift=-0.3em]rules.south west) {$\mathrm{X_1}$真好 -- $\mathrm{X_1}$ is very good};
\node[anchor=east] (r2) at ([yshift=-2.65cm]p1.east) {};
}
\begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
{
\node [rectangle,thick,inner sep=0.1em,fill=red!20] [fit = (p1)] (pb1) {};
}
{
\node [rectangle,thick,inner sep=0.1em,fill=ugreen!20] [fit = (r1)] (rb1) {};
\draw [->,thick,dotted] ([xshift=0.1em]phrase1.east) .. controls +(east:2) and +(west:1.5) .. ([xshift=-0.1em]r1.west);
}
{
\node [rectangle,thick,inner sep=0.1em,fill=red!20] [fit = (p1)] (pb2) {};
\node [rectangle,thick,inner sep=0.1em,fill=ugreen!20] [fit = (r1) (r2)] (rb2) {};
}
\end{pgfonlayer}
}
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{center}
\ No newline at end of file
Book/Chapter4/Figures/function-image-about-weight-and-Bleu-1.tex 0 → 100644
%%%------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%%% 特征权重调优
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{scope}
\node[anchor=west] (x0) at (0, 0) {};
\draw[->,thick] (x0.center) -- ([xshift=8.2em]x0.east);
\draw[->,thick] (x0.center) -- ([yshift=5.6em]x0.center);
{
\draw[thick] ([yshift=1em]x0.center) -- ([xshift=8em,yshift=5em]x0.center);
\draw[thick] ([yshift=2em]x0.center) -- ([xshift=8em,yshift=4em]x0.center);
\node[anchor=north] (e1) at ([xshift=6em,yshift=6em]x0.south) {\footnotesize{$d_1$}};
\node[anchor=north] (e2) at ([xshift=7em,yshift=4em]x0.south) {\footnotesize{$d_2$}};
\node[anchor=north,rotate=90] (e2) at ([xshift=-1.3em,yshift=3.6em]x0.south) {\footnotesize{model score}};
}
{
\node [anchor=center,draw=red,circle,inner sep=2pt,thick] (x1) at ([xshift=4em,yshift=3em]x0.center) {};
\draw[thick,dotted] ([xshift=4em]x0.center) -- ([xshift=4em,yshift=3em]x0.center);
}
\node[anchor=north] (zero) at ([yshift=0.1em]x0.south) {\footnotesize{0}};
\node[anchor=north] (wx) at ([xshift=4em,yshift=0.1em]x0.south) {\footnotesize{$w_x$}};
\node[anchor=north] (wi) at ([xshift=8em,yshift=0.1em]x0.south) {\footnotesize{$w_i$}};
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
Book/Chapter4/Figures/function-image-about-weight-and-Bleu-2.tex 0 → 100644
%%%------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%%% 特征权重调优
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{scope}
\node[anchor=west] (x0) at (0, 0) {};
\draw[->,thick] (x0.center) -- ([xshift=8.2em]x0.east);
\draw[->,thick] (x0.center) -- ([yshift=5.6em]x0.center);
\node[anchor=north] (zero) at ([yshift=0.1em]x0.south) {\footnotesize{0}};
\node[anchor=north] (wx) at ([xshift=4em,yshift=0.1em]x0.south) {\footnotesize{$w_x$}};
\node[anchor=north] (wi) at ([xshift=8em,yshift=0.1em]x0.south) {\footnotesize{$w_i$}};
{
\draw[thick] ([yshift=2em]x0.center) -- ([xshift=4em,yshift=2em]x0.center);
\draw[thick] ([xshift=4em,yshift=4em]x0.center) -- ([xshift=8em,yshift=4em]x0.center);
\draw[thick,dotted] ([xshift=4em]x0.center) -- ([xshift=4em,yshift=5.5em]x0.center);
\node[anchor=north] (e1) at ([xshift=2em,yshift=3em]x0.north) {\footnotesize{$d^*=d_1$}};
\node[anchor=north] (e2) at ([xshift=6.2em,yshift=5em]x0.north) {\footnotesize{$d^*=d_2$}};
\node[anchor=north,rotate=90] (e2) at ([xshift=-1.3em,yshift=3.6em]x0.south) {\footnotesize{BLEU}};
\draw[decorate,decoration={brace,amplitude=0.4em},red,thick] ([xshift=3.8em,yshift=0.5em]x0.south) -- ([xshift=8.2em,yshift=0.5em]x0.south);
\node[anchor=north] (wi) at ([xshift=6.1em,yshift=2em]x0.south) {\tiny{\red{挑选$w_i$}}};
}
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
Book/Chapter4/Figures/get-word-alignment.tex 0 → 100644
%%%------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%%% 词对齐系统
\begin{center}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\tikzstyle{elementnode} = [rectangle,text=white,anchor=center]
\tikzstyle{srcnode} = [font=\small,anchor=south west]
\tikzstyle{tgtnode} = [left,font=\small,anchor=north east]
\tikzstyle{alignmentnode} = [rectangle,draw,minimum height=3.6*1.1cm,minimum width=0.36*1.1cm]
\tikzstyle{probnode} = [fill=blue!30,minimum width=0.4*1.1cm]
\tikzstyle{labelnode} = [above]
% alignment matrix1
\begin{scope}[scale=0.9,yshift=0.12in]
\foreach \i / \j / \c in
{0/3/0.15, 1/3/0.15, 2/3/0.15, 3/3/0.15,
0/2/0.15, 1/2/0.15, 2/2/0.15, 3/2/0.15,
0/1/0.15, 1/1/0.15, 2/1/0.15, 3/1/0.15,
0/0/0.15, 1/0/0.15, 2/0/0.15, 3/0/0.15}
\node[elementnode,minimum size=0.6*1.1cm*\c,inner sep=0.1pt,fill=blue] (a\i\j) at (0.5*1.1cm*\i-5.4*0.5*1.1cm,0.5*1.1cm*\j-1.05*1.1cm) {};
% source
\node[srcnode] (src01) at (-5.9*0.5*1.1cm,-1.05*1.1cm+3.4*0.5*1.1cm) {\scriptsize{$t_1$}};
\node[srcnode] (src02) at ([xshift=0.5*1.1cm]src01.south west) {\scriptsize{$t_2$}};
\node[srcnode] (src03) at ([xshift=0.5*1.1cm]src02.south west) {\scriptsize{$t_3$}};
\node[srcnode] (src04) at ([xshift=0.5*1.1cm]src03.south west) {\scriptsize{$t_4$}};
% target
\node[tgtnode] (tgt01) at (-6.0*0.5*1.1cm,-1.05*1.1cm+3.3*0.5*1.1cm) {\scriptsize{$s_1$}};
\node[tgtnode] (tgt02) at ([yshift=-0.5*1.1cm]tgt01.north east) {\scriptsize{$s_2$}};
\node[tgtnode] (tgt03) at ([yshift=-0.5*1.1cm]tgt02.north east) {\scriptsize{$s_3$}};
\node[tgtnode] (tgt04) at ([yshift=-0.5*1.1cm]tgt03.north east) {\scriptsize{$s_4$}};
% alignment matrix2
\foreach \i / \j / \c in
{0/3/0.15, 1/3/0.15, 2/3/0.15, 3/3/0.15,
0/2/0.15, 1/2/0.15, 2/2/0.15, 3/2/0.15,
0/1/0.15, 1/1/0.15, 2/1/0.15, 3/1/0.15,
0/0/0.15, 1/0/0.15, 2/0/0.15, 3/0/0.15}
\node[elementnode,minimum size=0.6*1.1cm*\c,inner sep=0.1pt,fill=blue] (b\i\j) at (0.5*1.1cm*\i+0.6*0.5*1.1cm,0.5*1.1cm*\j-1.05*1.1cm) {};
% source
\node[srcnode] (src11) at (0.1*0.5*1.1cm,-1.05*1.1cm+3.4*0.5*1.1cm) {\scriptsize{$t_1$}};
\node[srcnode] (src12) at ([xshift=0.5*1.1cm]src11.south west) {\scriptsize{$t_2$}};
\node[srcnode] (src13) at ([xshift=0.5*1.1cm]src12.south west) {\scriptsize{$t_3$}};
\node[srcnode] (src14) at ([xshift=0.5*1.1cm]src13.south west) {\scriptsize{$t_4$}};
% target
\node[tgtnode] (tgt11) at (0.2*0.5*1.1cm,-1.05*1.1cm+3.3*0.5*1.1cm) {\scriptsize{$s_1$}};
\node[tgtnode] (tgt12) at ([yshift=-0.5*1.1cm]tgt11.north east) {\scriptsize{$s_2$}};
\node[tgtnode] (tgt13) at ([yshift=-0.5*1.1cm]tgt12.north east) {\scriptsize{$s_3$}};
\node[tgtnode] (tgt14) at ([yshift=-0.5*1.1cm]tgt13.north east) {\scriptsize{$s_4$}};
% alignment matrix3
\foreach \i / \j / \c in
{0/3/0.15, 1/3/0.15, 2/3/0.15, 3/3/0.15,
0/2/0.15, 1/2/0.15, 2/2/0.15, 3/2/0.15,
0/1/0.15, 1/1/0.15, 2/1/0.15, 3/1/0.15,
0/0/0.15, 1/0/0.15, 2/0/0.15, 3/0/0.15}
\node[elementnode,minimum size=0.6*1.1cm*\c,inner sep=0.1pt,fill=blue] (c\i\j) at (0.5*1.1cm*\i+6.6*0.5*1.1cm,0.5*1.1cm*\j-1.05*1.1cm) {};
% source
\node[srcnode] (src21) at (6.1*0.5*1.1cm,-1.05*1.1cm+3.4*0.5*1.1cm) {\scriptsize{$t_1$}};
\node[srcnode] (src22) at ([xshift=0.5*1.1cm]src21.south west) {\scriptsize{$t_2$}};
\node[srcnode] (src23) at ([xshift=0.5*1.1cm]src22.south west) {\scriptsize{$t_3$}};
\node[srcnode] (src24) at ([xshift=0.5*1.1cm]src23.south west) {\scriptsize{$t_4$}};
% target
\node[tgtnode] (tgt21) at (6.2*0.5*1.1cm,-1.05*1.1cm+3.3*0.5*1.1cm) {\scriptsize{$s_1$}};
\node[tgtnode] (tgt22) at ([yshift=-0.5*1.1cm]tgt21.north east) {\scriptsize{$s_2$}};
\node[tgtnode] (tgt23) at ([yshift=-0.5*1.1cm]tgt22.north east) {\scriptsize{$s_3$}};
\node[tgtnode] (tgt24) at ([yshift=-0.5*1.1cm]tgt23.north east) {\scriptsize{$s_4$}};
% word alignment
\node[align=center,elementnode,minimum size=0.3cm,inner sep=0.1pt,fill=blue!50] (la1) at (a03) {};
\node[align=center,elementnode,minimum size=0.3cm,inner sep=0.1pt,fill=blue!50] (la2) at (a12) {};
\node[align=center,elementnode,minimum size=0.3cm,inner sep=0.1pt,fill=blue!50] (la3) at (a22) {};
\node[align=center,elementnode,minimum size=0.3cm,inner sep=0.1pt,fill=blue!50] (la4) at (a30) {};
\node[align=center,elementnode,minimum size=0.3cm,inner sep=0.1pt,fill=blue!50] (lb1) at (b03) {};
\node[align=center,elementnode,minimum size=0.3cm,inner sep=0.1pt,fill=blue!50] (lb2) at (b12) {};
\node[align=center,elementnode,minimum size=0.3cm,inner sep=0.1pt,fill=blue!50] (lb3) at (b11) {};
\node[align=center,elementnode,minimum size=0.3cm,inner sep=0.1pt,fill=blue!50] (lb4) at (b30) {};
\node[align=center,elementnode,minimum size=0.3cm,inner sep=0.1pt,fill=blue!50] (lc1) at (c03) {};
\node[align=center,elementnode,minimum size=0.3cm,inner sep=0.1pt,fill=blue!50] (lc2) at (c12) {};
\node[align=center,elementnode,minimum size=0.3cm,inner sep=0.1pt,fill=red!50] (lc3) at (c11) {};
\node[align=center,elementnode,minimum size=0.3cm,inner sep=0.1pt,fill=red!50] (lc4) at (c22) {};
\node[align=center,elementnode,minimum size=0.3cm,inner sep=0.1pt,fill=blue!50] (lc5) at (c30) {};
\node[anchor=north] (l1) at ([xshift=0.5em,yshift=-0.5em]a10.south) {\scriptsize{S - T}};
\node[anchor=north] (l2) at ([xshift=0.5em,yshift=-0.5em]b10.south) {\scriptsize{T - S}};
\node[anchor=north] (l3) at ([xshift=0.5em,yshift=-0.5em]c10.south) {\scriptsize{交集/并集}};
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{center}
\ No newline at end of file
Book/Chapter4/Figures/grid-search-1.tex 0 → 100644
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{scope}[scale=0.62]
{\tiny
\draw[step=1,help lines,color=black] (0,0) grid (4,4);
\node[anchor=north] (y2) at ([xshift=-3.3em,yshift=0em]n1.north) {0.01};
\node[anchor=north] (y1) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-3.3em]y2.south) {0.00};
\node[anchor=north] (y3) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=4.5em]y2.north) {0.02};
\node[anchor=north] (y4) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=6.6em]y3.north) {$\vdots$};
\node[anchor=north] (y5) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=2em]y4.north) {1.00};
\node[anchor=north] (x1) at ([xshift=2em,yshift=-3em]n1.south) {$\lambda_1$};
\node[anchor=north] (x2) at ([xshift=4.5em,yshift=0em]x1.north) {$\lambda_2$};
\node[anchor=north] (x3) at ([xshift=4em,yshift=-1em]x2.north) {$...$};
\node[anchor=north] (x4) at ([xshift=5em,yshift=1em]x3.north) {$\lambda_{M-1}$};
\node[anchor=north] (x5) at ([xshift=5em,yshift=0em]x4.north) {$\lambda_M$};
\draw [-](n1) (0,4) -- (0,4.4);
\draw [-](n2) (1,4) -- (1,4.4);
\draw [-](n3) (2,4) -- (2,4.4);
\draw [-](n4) (3,4) -- (3,4.4);
\draw [-](n5) (4,4) -- (4,4.4);
\node [anchor=center,draw,circle,inner sep=1.5pt,red!30,fill=red!30] (r31) at (2,4) {};
\node [anchor=center,draw,circle,inner sep=1.5pt,red!30,fill=red!30] (r32) at (2,0) {};
\node [anchor=center,draw,circle,inner sep=1.5pt,red!30,fill=red!30] (r33) at (2,2) {};
\node [anchor=center,draw,circle,inner sep=1.5pt,red!30,fill=red!30] (r34) at (2,3) {};
\node [anchor=center,draw,circle,inner sep=1.5pt,red!30,fill=red!30] (r35) at (2,1) {};
\node [anchor=center,draw,circle,inner sep=1.5pt,blue!30,fill=blue!30] (f11) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=23em]y2.north) {};
\node[anchor=south] (f12) at ([xshift=5em,yshift=-0.5em]f11.south) {\scriptsize{fixed}};
\node [anchor=center,draw,circle,inner sep=1.5pt,purple!30,fill=ugreen!50] (f21) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-4em]f11.north) {};
\node[anchor=south] (f22) at ([xshift=8.5em,yshift=-0.5em]f21.south) {\scriptsize{valid choices}};
\node [anchor=center,draw,circle,inner sep=1.5pt,red!30,fill=red!30] (f31) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-4em]f21.north) {};
\node[anchor=south] (f32) at ([xshift=9.5em,yshift=-0.5em]f31.south) {\scriptsize{invalid choices}};
\draw [-,very thick,red!50, dashed] (1,2) -- (2,4) -- (3,2) -- (2,3) -- (1,2) -- (3,2) -- (2,1) -- (1,2) -- (2,0) -- (3,2);
\draw [-,very thick,blue!50] (0,1) -- (1,2);
\draw [-,very thick,blue!50] (3,2) -- (4,4);
\node [anchor=center,draw,circle,inner sep=1.5pt,blue!30,fill=blue!30] (r11) at (0,1) {};
\node [anchor=center,draw,circle,inner sep=1.5pt,blue!30,fill=blue!30] (r12) at (1,2) {};
\node [anchor=center,draw,circle,inner sep=1.5pt,blue!30,fill=blue!30] (r14) at (3,2) {};
\node [anchor=center,draw,circle,inner sep=1.5pt,blue!30,fill=blue!30] (r15) at (4,4) {};
}
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
\ No newline at end of file
Book/Chapter4/Figures/grid-search-2.tex 0 → 100644
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{scope}[scale=0.62]
{\tiny
\draw[step=1,help lines,color=black] (0,0) grid (4,4);
\node[anchor=north] (y2) at ([xshift=-3.3em,yshift=0em]n1.north) {0.01};
\node[anchor=north] (y1) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-3.3em]y2.south) {0.00};
\node[anchor=north] (y3) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=4.5em]y2.north) {0.02};
\node[anchor=north] (y4) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=6.6em]y3.north) {$\vdots$};
\node[anchor=north] (y5) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=2em]y4.north) {1.00};
\node[anchor=north] (x1) at ([xshift=2em,yshift=-3em]n1.south) {$\lambda_1$};
\node[anchor=north] (x2) at ([xshift=4.5em,yshift=0em]x1.north) {$\lambda_2$};
\node[anchor=north] (x3) at ([xshift=4em,yshift=-1em]x2.north) {$...$};
\node[anchor=north] (x4) at ([xshift=5em,yshift=1em]x3.north) {$\lambda_{M-1}$};
\node[anchor=north] (x5) at ([xshift=5em,yshift=0em]x4.north) {$\lambda_M$};
\draw [-](n1) (0,4) -- (0,4.4);
\draw [-](n2) (1,4) -- (1,4.4);
\draw [-](n3) (2,4) -- (2,4.4);
\draw [-](n4) (3,4) -- (3,4.4);
\draw [-](n5) (4,4) -- (4,4.4);
\node [anchor=center,draw,circle,inner sep=1.5pt,red!30,fill=red!30] (r31) at (2,4) {};
\node [anchor=center,draw,circle,inner sep=1.5pt,red!30,fill=red!30] (r32) at (2,0) {};
\node [anchor=center,draw,circle,inner sep=1.5pt,red!30,fill=red!30] (r33) at (2,2) {};
\node [anchor=center,draw,circle,inner sep=1.5pt,red!30,fill=red!30] (r35) at (2,1) {};
\node [anchor=center,draw,circle,inner sep=1.5pt,purple!30,fill=purple!30] (r34) at (2,3) {};
\draw [-,very thick,red!50, dashed] (1,2) -- (2,4) -- (3,2) -- (2,3) -- (1,2) -- (3,2) -- (2,1) -- (1,2) -- (2,0) -- (3,2);
\draw [-,very thick,blue!50] (0,1) -- (1,2);
\draw [-,very thick,blue!50] (3,2) -- (4,4);
\draw [-,very thick,ugreen!50, dashed] (1,2) -- (2,3) -- (3,2);
\node [anchor=center,draw,circle,inner sep=1.5pt,blue!30,fill=blue!30] (r11) at (0,1) {};
\node [anchor=center,draw,circle,inner sep=1.5pt,blue!30,fill=blue!30] (r12) at (1,2) {};
\node [anchor=center,draw,circle,inner sep=1.5pt,blue!30,fill=blue!30] (r14) at (3,2) {};
\node [anchor=center,draw,circle,inner sep=1.5pt,blue!30,fill=blue!30] (r15) at (4,4) {};
}
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
\ No newline at end of file
Book/Chapter4/Figures/hierarchical-phrase-rule-match-generate.tex 0 → 100644
%------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%%% 基于树的解码方法 - chart-based decoding
\begin{center}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{scope}%[scale=0.2]
\node[anchor=north] (q1) at (0,0) {\scriptsize\sffamily\bfseries{输入字符串：}};
\node[anchor=west] (q2) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-2em]q1.west) {\footnotesize{进口$\quad$和$\quad$出口$\quad$大幅度$\quad$下降$\quad$了}};
\node[anchor=north,fill=blue!20,minimum height=1em,minimum width=1em] (f1) at ([xshift=-4.1em,yshift=-0.8em]q2.south) {};
\node[anchor=east] (n1) at ([xshift=1em,yshift=-2em]q2.west) {\scriptsize\sffamily\bfseries{匹配规则：}};
\node[anchor=west] (n2) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]n1.east) {\scriptsize{$\textrm{X} \to \langle\ \textrm{X}_1\ \text{大幅度}\ \text{下降}\ \text{了},\ \textrm{X}_1\ \textrm{have}\ \textrm{drastically}\ \textrm{fallen}\ \rangle$}};
\draw[decorate,decoration={mirror,brace}]([xshift=0.5em,yshift=-1em]q2.west) --([xshift=7em,yshift=-1em]q2.west) node [xshift=0em,yshift=-1em,align=center](label1) {};
{\scriptsize
\node[anchor=west] (h1) at ([xshift=1em,yshift=-7em]q2.west) {{Span[0,3]下的翻译假设：}};
\node[anchor=west] (h2) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-1.3em]h1.west) {{X: the imports and exports}};
\node[anchor=west] (h3) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-1.3em]h2.west) {{X: imports and exports}};
\node[anchor=west] (h4) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-1.3em]h3.west) {{X: exports and imports}};
\node[anchor=west] (h5) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-1.3em]h4.west) {{X: the imports and the exports}};
\node[anchor=west] (h6) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-1.3em]h5.west) {{S: the import and export}};
}
{\scriptsize
\node[anchor=west] (h21) at ([xshift=9em,yshift=0em]h1.east) {{替换$\textrm{X}_1$后生成的翻译假设：}};
\node[anchor=west] (h22) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-1.3em]h21.west) {{X: the imports and exports have drastically fallen}};
\node[anchor=west] (h23) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-1.3em]h22.west) {{X: imports and exports have drastically fallen}};
\node[anchor=west] (h24) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-1.3em]h23.west) {{X: exports and imports have drastically fallen}};
\node[anchor=west] (h25) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-1.3em]h24.west) {{X: the imports and the exports have drastically fallen}};
}
\node [rectangle,inner sep=0.1em,rounded corners=1pt,draw] [fit = (h1) (h5) (h6)] (gl1) {};
\node [rectangle,inner sep=0.1em,rounded corners=1pt,draw] [fit = (h21) (h25)] (gl2) {};
\draw [->,ublue,thick] ([xshift=0.6em,yshift=0.2em]n2.south) .. controls +(south:2em) and +(east:0em) .. ([xshift=-0em,yshift=2em]gl2.west);
\draw [->,ublue,thick] ([xshift=0em,yshift=2em]gl1.east) .. controls +(south:3em) and +(east:0em) .. ([xshift=-0em,yshift=1.6em]gl2.west);
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{center}
Book/Chapter4/Figures/hyper-graph-representation-of-machine-translation-derivation.tex 0 → 100644
%%%------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%%% 机器翻译推导的超图表示
\begin{center}
\begin{tikzpicture}
{\footnotesize
{
\node [anchor=north,inner sep=0em,draw,minimum height=1.1em,minimum width=9em] (n1) at (0,0) {X | 0,4 | the answer | a question };
\node [anchor=west,inner sep=0em,draw,minimum height=1.1em,minimum width=9em] (n2) at ([xshift=5em,yshift=0em]n1.east) {X | 0,4 | a question | the answer };
\node [anchor=north,inner sep=0em,draw,minimum height=1.1em,minimum width=9em] (n3) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-12em]n1.south) {X | 0,2 | the answer | NA };
\node [anchor=west,inner sep=0em,draw,minimum height=1.1em,minimum width=9em] (n4) at ([xshift=8em,yshift=0em]n3.east) {X | 3,4 | a question | NA};
\node [anchor=south,inner sep=0em,draw,minimum height=1.2em,minimum width=4em] (s1) at ([xshift=9em,yshift=4em]n1.north) {goal item};
\node [anchor=north] (n5) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-3em]n3.south) {$\textrm{对}_0 \textrm{回答}_1$};
\node [anchor=north] (n51) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]n5.south) {with the answer};
\node [anchor=west] (n6) at ([xshift=6em,yshift=0em]n5.east) {$\textrm{有}_2$};
\node [anchor=north] (n61) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]n6.south) {have};
\node [anchor=west] (n7) at ([xshift=6em,yshift=0em]n6.east) {$\textrm{疑问}_3$};
\node [anchor=north] (n71) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]n7.south) {a question};
\draw[->,thick] ([xshift=-3em,yshift=0em]n1.north) .. controls +(north:3em) and +(south:1em) .. ([xshift=-1em,yshift=0em]s1.south);
\draw[->, dotted, thick] ([xshift=4em,yshift=0em]n2.north) .. controls +(north:3em) and +(south:1em) .. ([xshift=1em,yshift=0em]s1.south);
}
{\tiny
\node [anchor=south] (s1) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=1.5em]n5.north) {$\textrm{NP} \to \langle\ \textrm{NP}(\textrm{NN}(\textrm{回答})), \textrm{回答} \rangle$};
\node [anchor=south] (s2) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=1.5em]n7.north) {$\textrm{NP} \to \langle\ \textrm{NP}(\textrm{疑问}), \textrm{疑问} \rangle$};
\node [anchor=south] (s3) at ([xshift=-8em,yshift=6em]n3.north) {$\textrm{NP} \to \langle\ \textrm{VP}(\textrm{NP}_1\ \textrm{VP}(\textrm{VV}(\textrm{有})\ \textrm{NN}_2)), $};
\node [anchor=west] (s31) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-1.5em]s3.west) {$\textrm{have}\ \textrm{NP}_1\ \textrm{NN}_2 \rangle$};
\node [anchor=south] (s4) at ([xshift=14em,yshift=1em]s3.north) {$\textrm{NP} \to \langle\ \textrm{VP}(\textrm{NP}_1\ \textrm{VP}(\textrm{VV}(\textrm{有})\ \textrm{NN}_2)), $};
\node [anchor=west] (s41) at ([xshift=8.8em,yshift=-1.3em]s4.west) {$\textrm{NP}_1\ \textrm{possess}\ \textrm{NN}_2 \rangle$};
\node [anchor=south] (s5) at ([xshift=14em,yshift=1em]s4.north) {$\textrm{NP} \to \langle\ \textrm{VP}(\textrm{NP}_1\ \textrm{VP}(\textrm{VV}(\textrm{有})\ \textrm{NN}_2)), $};
\node [anchor=west] (s51) at ([xshift=8.8em,yshift=-1.2em]s5.west) {$\textrm{NP}_1\ \textrm{exist}\ \textrm{NN}_2 \rangle$};
\node [anchor=south] (s6) at ([xshift=14em,yshift=-6em]s5.north) {$\textrm{NP} \to \langle\ \textrm{VP}(\textrm{NP}_1\ \textrm{VP}(\textrm{VV}(\textrm{有})\ \textrm{NN}_2)), $};
\node [anchor=west] (s61) at ([xshift=8.8em,yshift=-1.4em]s6.west) {$\textrm{there is}\ \textrm{NP}_1\ \textrm{NN}_2 \rangle$};
\node [anchor=south] (s7) at ([xshift=4em,yshift=1em]n1.north) {$\textrm{S} \to \langle\ \textrm{NP}_1,\textrm{NP}_1 \rangle$};
\node [anchor=south] (s8) at ([xshift=-4em,yshift=1em]n2.north) {$\textrm{S} \to \langle\ \textrm{NN}_2,\textrm{NN}_2 \rangle$};
}
{
\draw[->, dash dot dot, thick] ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]n3.north) .. controls +(north:1.4em) and +(south:3em) .. ([xshift=2em,yshift=-0em]s3.south);
\draw[->, dash dot dot, thick] ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]n6.north west) .. controls +(north:8em) and +(south:2.5em) .. ([xshift=2em,yshift=-0em]s3.south);
\draw[->, dash dot dot, thick] ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]n4.west) .. controls +(north:3em) and +(south:1em) .. ([xshift=2em,yshift=-0em]s3.south);
\draw[->, thick] ([xshift=2em,yshift=0em]n3.north) .. controls +(north:3em) and +(south:3em) .. (s41.south);
\draw[->, thick] ([xshift=-0.5em,yshift=0em]n6.north) .. controls +(north:8em) and +(south:2em) .. (s41.south);
\draw[->, thick] ([xshift=1em,yshift=0em]n4.north west) .. controls +(north:4em) and +(south:3em) .. (s41.south);
\draw[->, dashed, thick] ([xshift=-1em,yshift=0em]n3.north east) .. controls +(north:4em) and +(south:4em) .. ([xshift=-3em,yshift=0em]s51.south);
\draw[->, dashed, thick] ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]n6.north) .. controls +(north:10em) and +(south:4em) .. ([xshift=-3em,yshift=0em]s51.south);
\draw[->, dashed, thick] ([xshift=-2em,yshift=0em]n4.north) .. controls +(north:4em) and +(south:3em) .. ([xshift=-3em,yshift=0em]s51.south);
\draw[->, dotted, thick] ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]n3.east) .. controls +(north:3em) and +(south:2em) .. ([xshift=-3em,yshift=0em]s6.south);
\draw[->, dotted, thick] ([xshift=0.5em,yshift=0em]n6.north) .. controls +(north:7.5em) and +(south:2.5em) .. ([xshift=-3em,yshift=0em]s6.south);
\draw[->, dotted, thick] ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]n4.north) .. controls +(north:4em) and +(south:4em) .. ([xshift=-3em,yshift=0em]s6.south);
\draw[->, dash dot dot, thick] ([xshift=2em,yshift=0em]s3.north) .. controls +(north:1em) and +(south:3em) .. ([xshift=-2em,yshift=0em]n1.south);
\draw[->, thick] ([xshift=2em,yshift=0em]s4.north) .. controls +(north:1em) and +(south:2em) .. ([xshift=2em,yshift=0em]n1.south);
\draw[->, dashed, thick] ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]s5.north) .. controls +(north:0.5em) and +(south:1em) .. ([xshift=-2em,yshift=0em]n2.south);
\draw[->, dotted, thick] ([xshift=-2.8em,yshift=0em]s6.north) .. controls +(north:0.5em) and +(south:3em) .. ([xshift=2em,yshift=0em]n2.south);
}
\draw [->] ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]n5.north) -- ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]s1.south);
\draw [->] ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]s1.north) -- ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]n3.south);
\draw [->,dashed] ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]n7.north) -- ([xshift=0.05em,yshift=0em]s2.south);
\draw [->,dashed] ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]s2.north) -- ([xshift=0.45em,yshift=0em]n4.south);
}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{center}
\ No newline at end of file
Book/Chapter4/Figures/judge-type-of-reorder-method.tex 0 → 100644
%------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%%% 调序模型2：MSD模型
\begin{center}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\tikzstyle{elementnode} = [rectangle,anchor=center]
\tikzstyle{srcnode} = [font=\small,anchor=south west]
\tikzstyle{tgtnode} = [left,font=\small,anchor=north east]
\tikzstyle{alignmentnode} = [rectangle,draw,minimum height=3.6*1.1cm,minimum width=0.36*1.1cm]
\tikzstyle{probnode} = [fill=blue!30,minimum width=0.4*1.1cm]
\tikzstyle{labelnode} = [above]
% alignment matrix1
\begin{scope}[scale=0.9,yshift=0.12in]
\foreach \i / \j / \c in
{0/5/0.15, 1/5/0.15, 2/5/0.15, 3/5/0.15, 4/5/0.15, 5/5/0.15,
0/4/0.15, 1/4/0.15, 2/4/0.15, 3/4/0.15, 4/4/0.15, 5/4/0.15,
0/3/0.15, 1/3/0.15, 2/3/0.15, 3/3/0.15, 4/3/0.15, 5/3/0.15,
0/2/0.15, 1/2/0.15, 2/2/0.15, 3/2/0.15, 4/2/0.15, 5/2/0.15,
0/1/0.15, 1/1/0.15, 2/1/0.15, 3/1/0.15, 4/1/0.15, 5/1/0.15,
0/0/0.15, 1/0/0.15, 2/0/0.15, 3/0/0.15, 4/0/0.15, 5/0/0.15}
\node[elementnode,minimum size=0.6*1.1cm*\c,inner sep=0.1pt,fill=blue] (a\i\j) at (0.5*1.1cm*\i-5.4*0.5*1.1cm,0.5*1.1cm*\j-1.05*1.1cm) {};
% source
\node[srcnode] (src01) at (-5.9*0.5*1.1cm,-1.05*1.1cm+5.4*0.5*1.1cm) {\scriptsize{$t_1$}};
\node[srcnode] (src02) at ([xshift=0.5*1.1cm]src01.south west) {\scriptsize{$t_2$}};
\node[srcnode] (src03) at ([xshift=0.5*1.1cm]src02.south west) {\scriptsize{$t_3$}};
\node[srcnode] (src04) at ([xshift=0.5*1.1cm]src03.south west) {\scriptsize{$t_4$}};
\node[srcnode] (src05) at ([xshift=0.5*1.1cm]src04.south west) {\scriptsize{$t_5$}};
\node[srcnode] (src06) at ([xshift=0.5*1.1cm]src05.south west) {\scriptsize{$t_6$}};
% target
\node[tgtnode] (tgt01) at (-6.0*0.5*1.1cm,-1.05*1.1cm+5.4*0.5*1.1cm) {\scriptsize{$s_1$}};
\node[tgtnode] (tgt02) at ([yshift=-0.5*1.1cm]tgt01.north east) {\scriptsize{$s_2$}};
\node[tgtnode] (tgt03) at ([yshift=-0.5*1.1cm]tgt02.north east) {\scriptsize{$s_3$}};
\node[tgtnode] (tgt04) at ([yshift=-0.5*1.1cm]tgt03.north east) {\scriptsize{$s_4$}};
\node[tgtnode] (tgt05) at ([yshift=-0.5*1.1cm]tgt04.north east) {\scriptsize{$s_5$}};
\node[tgtnode] (tgt06) at ([yshift=-0.5*1.1cm]tgt05.north east) {\scriptsize{$s_6$}};
%% alignment matrix2
\foreach \i / \j / \c in
{0/5/0.15, 1/5/0.15, 2/5/0.15, 3/5/0.15, 4/5/0.15, 5/5/0.15,
0/4/0.15, 1/4/0.15, 2/4/0.15, 3/4/0.15, 4/4/0.15, 5/4/0.15,
0/3/0.15, 1/3/0.15, 2/3/0.15, 3/3/0.15, 4/3/0.15, 5/3/0.15,
0/2/0.15, 1/2/0.15, 2/2/0.15, 3/2/0.15, 4/2/0.15, 5/2/0.15,
0/1/0.15, 1/1/0.15, 2/1/0.15, 3/1/0.15, 4/1/0.15, 5/1/0.15,
0/0/0.15, 1/0/0.15, 2/0/0.15, 3/0/0.15, 4/0/0.15, 5/0/0.15}
\node[elementnode,minimum size=0.6*1.1cm*\c,inner sep=0.1pt,fill=blue] (b\i\j) at (0.5*1.1cm*\i+4*0.5*1.1cm,0.5*1.1cm*\j-1.05*1.1cm) {};
% source
\node[srcnode] (src11) at (3.5*0.5*1.1cm,-1.05*1.1cm+5.4*0.5*1.1cm) {\scriptsize{$t_1$}};
\node[srcnode] (src12) at ([xshift=0.5*1.1cm]src11.south west) {\scriptsize{$t_2$}};
\node[srcnode] (src13) at ([xshift=0.5*1.1cm]src12.south west) {\scriptsize{$t_3$}};
\node[srcnode] (src14) at ([xshift=0.5*1.1cm]src13.south west) {\scriptsize{$t_4$}};
\node[srcnode] (src15) at ([xshift=0.5*1.1cm]src14.south west) {\scriptsize{$t_5$}};
\node[srcnode] (src16) at ([xshift=0.5*1.1cm]src15.south west) {\scriptsize{$t_6$}};
% target
\node[tgtnode] (tgt11) at (3.4*0.5*1.1cm,-1.05*1.1cm+5.4*0.5*1.1cm) {\scriptsize{$s_1$}};
\node[tgtnode] (tgt12) at ([yshift=-0.5*1.1cm]tgt11.north east) {\scriptsize{$s_2$}};
\node[tgtnode] (tgt13) at ([yshift=-0.5*1.1cm]tgt12.north east) {\scriptsize{$s_3$}};
\node[tgtnode] (tgt14) at ([yshift=-0.5*1.1cm]tgt13.north east) {\scriptsize{$s_4$}};
\node[tgtnode] (tgt15) at ([yshift=-0.5*1.1cm]tgt14.north east) {\scriptsize{$s_5$}};
\node[tgtnode] (tgt16) at ([yshift=-0.5*1.1cm]tgt15.north east) {\scriptsize{$s_6$}};
% word alignment
\node[align=center,elementnode,minimum size=0.3cm,inner sep=0.1pt,fill=blue!50] (la1) at (a23) {};
\node[align=center,elementnode,minimum size=0.3cm,inner sep=0.1pt,fill=blue!50] (la2) at (a22) {};
\node[align=center,elementnode,minimum size=0.3cm,inner sep=0.1pt,fill=blue!50] (la3) at (a31) {};
{
\node[align=center,elementnode,minimum size=0.5cm,inner sep=0.1pt,fill=red!50] (la4) at (a14) {M};
}
{
\node[align=center,elementnode,minimum size=0.5cm,inner sep=0.1pt,fill=ugreen!50] (la5) at (a44) {S};
}
\node[align=center,elementnode,minimum size=0.3cm,inner sep=0.1pt,fill=blue!50] (lb1) at (b23) {};
\node[align=center,elementnode,minimum size=0.3cm,inner sep=0.1pt,fill=blue!50] (lb2) at (b22) {};
\node[align=center,elementnode,minimum size=0.3cm,inner sep=0.1pt,fill=blue!50] (lb3) at (b31) {};
{
\node[align=center,elementnode,minimum size=0.3cm,inner sep=0.1pt,fill=red!50] (lb4) at (b05) {};
\node[align=center,elementnode,minimum size=0.3cm,inner sep=0.1pt,fill=red!50] (lb5) at (b14) {};
}
{
\node[align=center,elementnode,minimum size=0.3cm,inner sep=0.1pt,fill=ugreen!50] (lb6) at (b45) {};
\node[align=center,elementnode,minimum size=0.3cm,inner sep=0.1pt,fill=ugreen!50] (lb7) at (b54) {};
}
\begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
\node [rectangle,thick,inner sep=0.4em,fill=blue!40,drop shadow,fill opacity=0.85] [fit = (a23) (a31)] (phrase1) {};
\node [rectangle,thick,inner sep=0.4em,fill=blue!40,drop shadow,fill opacity=0.85] [fit = (b23) (b31)] (phrase2) {};
{
\node [rectangle,thick,inner sep=0.4em,fill=red!40,drop shadow,fill opacity=0.85] [fit = (b05) (b14)] (phrase3) {};
}
{
\node [rectangle,thick,inner sep=0.4em,fill=ugreen!40,drop shadow,fill opacity=0.85] [fit = (b45) (b54)] (phrase4) {};
}
\end{pgfonlayer}
{
\node[anchor=north] (s1) at ([xshift=0.6em,yshift=0.1em]b45.east) {S};
}
{
\node[anchor=north] (m1) at ([xshift=0.6em,yshift=0.1em]b05.east) {M};
}
\node[anchor=north] (l1) at ([xshift=1.8em,yshift=-0.5em]a10.south) {\scriptsize{基于词}};
\node[anchor=north] (l2) at ([xshift=2.2em,yshift=-0.5em]b10.south) {\scriptsize{基于短语}};
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{center}
\ No newline at end of file
Book/Chapter4/Figures/long-distance-dependence-in-zh2en-translation.tex 0 → 100644
%%%------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%%% 短语 -> 句法
\begin{tikzpicture}
\node[anchor=west, fill=blue!30, inner sep=0.05cm] (sp1) at (0, 0) {进口\ \ };
\node[anchor=west] (sp2) at (2.5em, 0) {在 过去的 五 到 十 年 间};
\node[anchor=west, fill=red!30, inner sep=0.05cm] (sp3) at (14em, 0) {有了 大幅度 下降};
\draw[->] (sp1) edge [out=15, in=170] (sp3);
\node[anchor=west, fill=blue!30, inner sep=0.05cm] (tp1) at (0, -0.8) {the imports};
\node[anchor=west, fill=red!30, inner sep=0.05cm] (tp2) at (5.3em, -0.8) {drastically fell};
\node[anchor=west] (tp3) at (11.3em, -0.8) {in the past five to ten years};
\path[->] (tp1) edge [out=30, in=150] (tp2);
\end{tikzpicture}
\ No newline at end of file
Book/Chapter4/Figures/minimum-rule-from-tree-cutting-1.tex 0 → 100644
%%%------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%%% 最小规则
\begin{minipage}[b]{0.35\textwidth}
{\footnotesize
\renewcommand*{\arraystretch}{1.3}
\begin{tabular}{l l}
{$r_1$} & {NP(PN(他)) $\to$ he} \\
{$r_2$} & {P(对) $\to$ with} \\
{$r_3$} & {NP(NN(回答)) $\to$ the answer} \\
{$r_4$} & {VP(VV(表示) NN(满意) $\to$} \\
& {satisfied} \\
{$r_5$} & {PP(P$_1$ NP$_2$) $\to$} \\
& {P$_1$ NP$_2$} \\
{$r_6$} & {VP(PP$_1$ VP$_2$) $\to$} \\
& {VP$_2$ PP$_1$} \\
{$r_7$} & {IP(NP$_1$ VP$_2$) $\to$} \\
& {NP$_1$ VP$_2$} \\
& \\
\end{tabular}
\renewcommand*{\arraystretch}{1.0}
}
\end{minipage}
\ No newline at end of file
Book/Chapter4/Figures/minimum-rule-from-tree-cutting-2.tex 0 → 100644
%%%------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%%% 最小规则
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.47\textwidth}
\begin{tikzpicture}
{\scriptsize
\begin{scope}
{
\begin{scope}[level distance=20pt]
\node[scale=0.8, inner sep=0.1cm,align=center,draw] (cfrag1) at
(0,0.25) {\Tree[.\node(sn1){NP}; [.\node(sn2){PN}; 他 ]]};
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}[level distance=20pt]
\node[scale=0.8, inner sep=0.1cm,align=center,anchor=south west,draw] (cfrag2) at
([xshift=1.2em]cfrag1.south east) {\Tree[.\node(sn3){P}; 对 ]};
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}[level distance=20pt]
\node[scale=0.8, inner sep=0.1cm,align=center,anchor=south west,draw] (cfrag3) at
([xshift=1.2em]cfrag2.south east) {\Tree[.\node(sn4){NP}; [.NN 回答 ]]};
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}[sibling distance=15pt,level distance=20pt]
\node[scale=0.8, inner sep=0.1cm,align=center,anchor=south west,draw] (cfrag4) at
([xshift=1.4em]cfrag3.south east) {\Tree[.\node(sn5){VP}; [.\node(sn6){VV}; 表示 ] [.\node(sn7){NN}; 满意 ]]};
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}[sibling distance=20pt,,level distance=25pt]
\node[scale=0.8, inner sep=0.1cm,align=center,anchor=south west,draw] (cfrag5) at
([xshift=0.3em,yshift=2.5em]cfrag2.north west) {\Tree[.\node(sn8){PP}; [.\node(sn9){P}; ] [.\node(sn10){NP}; ]]};
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}[sibling distance=60pt]
\node[scale=0.8, inner sep=0.1cm,align=center,anchor=south west,draw] (cfrag6) at
([xshift=1.6em,yshift=0.8em]cfrag5.north west) {\Tree[.\node(sn11){VP}; [.\node(sn12){PP}; ] [.\node(sn13){VP}; ]]};
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}[sibling distance=80pt,level distance=18pt]
\node[scale=0.8, inner sep=0.1cm,align=center,anchor=south east,draw] (cfrag7) at
([xshift=-3.6em,yshift=0.8em]cfrag6.north east) {\Tree[.\node(sn14){IP}; [.\node(sn15){NP}; ] [.\node(sn16){VP}; ]]};
\end{scope}
\node[scale=0.9,anchor=north,minimum size=18pt] (tw11) at ([xshift=-0.3em,yshift=-1.2em]cfrag1.south){he};
\node[scale=0.9,anchor=west,minimum size=18pt] (tw12) at ([yshift=-0.1em,xshift=0.5em]tw11.east){was};
\node[scale=0.9,anchor=west,minimum size=18pt] (tw13) at ([yshift=0.1em,xshift=0.5em]tw12.east){satisfied};
\node[scale=0.9,anchor=west,minimum size=18pt] (tw14) at ([xshift=0.5em]tw13.east){with};
\node[scale=0.9,anchor=west,minimum size=18pt] (tw15) at ([xshift=0.5em]tw14.east){the};
\node[scale=0.9,anchor=west,minimum size=18pt] (tw16) at ([yshift=-0.1em,xshift=0.5em]tw15.east){answer};
\draw[dashed] ([xshift=-0.3em]cfrag1.south) -- ([yshift=-0.3em]tw11.north);
\draw[dashed] (cfrag2.south) -- ([yshift=-0.4em]tw14.north);
\draw[dashed] (cfrag3.south) -- ([yshift=-0.4em]tw15.north);
\draw[dashed] (cfrag3.south) -- ([yshift=-0.4em]tw16.north);
\draw[dashed] (cfrag4.south) .. controls +(south:0.6) and +(north:0.6) .. ([yshift=-0.4em]tw13.north);
\draw[*-*] ([xshift=0.0em,yshift=-0.2em]cfrag1.north) -- ([xshift=0.0em,yshift=11.3em]cfrag1.north);
\draw[*-*] ([xshift=0.1em,yshift=-0.2em]cfrag2.north) -- ([xshift=0.1em,yshift=2.9em]cfrag2.north);
\draw[*-*] ([xshift=0.1em,yshift=-0.4em]cfrag3.north) -- ([xshift=0.1em,yshift=0.9em]cfrag3.north);
\draw[*-*] ([xshift=0.0em,yshift=-0.2em]cfrag4.north) -- ([xshift=0.0em,yshift=5.7em]cfrag4.north);
\draw[*-*] ([xshift=0.1em,yshift=-0.2em]cfrag5.north) -- ([xshift=0.1em,yshift=1em]cfrag5.north);
\draw[*-*] ([xshift=0.0em,yshift=-0.2em]cfrag6.north) -- ([xshift=0.0em,yshift=1em]cfrag6.north);
{
\node [fill=blue,circle,inner sep=2pt] (rlabel1) at (cfrag1.south east) {{\color{white} \tiny{1}}};
}
{
\node [fill=blue,circle,inner sep=2pt] (rlabel2) at (cfrag2.south east) {{\color{white} \tiny{2}}};
}
{
\node [fill=blue,circle,inner sep=2pt] (rlabel3) at (cfrag3.south east) {{\color{white} \tiny{3}}};
}
{
\node [fill=blue,circle,inner sep=2pt] (rlabel4) at (cfrag4.south east) {{\color{white} \tiny{4}}};
}
{
\node [fill=blue,circle,inner sep=2pt] (rlabel5) at (cfrag5.north west) {{\color{white} \tiny{5}}};
\node [fill=blue,circle,inner sep=2pt] (rlabel6) at (cfrag6.north east) {{\color{white} \tiny{6}}};
\node [fill=blue,circle,inner sep=2pt] (rlabel7) at (cfrag7.south west) {{\color{white} \tiny{7}}};
}
}
\end{scope}
}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{minipage}
\ No newline at end of file
Book/Chapter4/Figures/one-best-node-alignment-and-alignment-matrix.tex 0 → 100644
\newcommand{\PreserveBackslash}[1]{\let\temp=\\#1\let\\=\temp}
\newcolumntype{C}[1]{>{\PreserveBackslash\centering}p{#1}}
\newcolumntype{R}[1]{>{\PreserveBackslash\raggedleft}p{#1}}
\newcolumntype{L}[1]{>{\PreserveBackslash\raggedright}p{#1}}
\begin{flushright}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{scope}[scale=0.47]
{\Large
\begin{scope}[sibling distance=17pt, level distance = 35pt]
\Tree[.\node(en1){VP$^{[1]}$};
[.\node(en2){VBZ$^{[2]}$}; have ]
[.\node(en3){ADVP$^{[3]}$};
[.\node(en4){RB$^{[4]}$}; drastically ]
[.\node(en5){VBN$^{[5]}$}; fallen ]
]
]
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}[grow'=up, yshift=-3.3in, sibling distance=32pt, level distance = 35pt]
\Tree[.\node(cn1){VP$^{[1]}$};
[.\node(cn2){AD$^{[2]}$}; 大幅度 ]
[.\node(cn3){VP$^{[3]}$};
[.\node(cn4){VV$^{[4]}$}; 减少 ]
[.\node(cn5){AS$^{[5]}$}; 了 ]
]
]
\end{scope}
}
\begin{scope}[xshift=2.3in, yshift=-0.3in]
\node[anchor=west, rotate=60] at (0.8,-0.6) {VP$^{[1]}$};
\node[anchor=west, rotate=60] at (1.8,-0.6) {VBZ$^{[2]}$};
\node[anchor=west, rotate=60] at (2.8,-0.6) {ADVP$^{[3]}$};
\node[anchor=west, rotate=60] at (3.8,-0.6) {RB$^{[4]}$};
\node[anchor=west, rotate=60] at (4.8,-0.6) {VBN$^{[5]}$};
\node[] at (6.5,-1) {VP$^{[1]}$};
\node[] at (6.5,-2) {AD$^{[2]}$};
\node[] at (6.5,-3) {VP$^{[3]}$};
\node[] at (6.5,-4) {VV$^{[4]}$};
\node[] at (6.5,-5) {AS$^{[5]}$};
\foreach \i in {1,...,5}{
\foreach \j in {-5,...,-1}{
\node[fill=blue!40,scale=0.2] at (\i,\j) {};
}
}
\node[fill=blue!40, scale=1.1, inner sep=1pt, minimum size=12pt] at (1,-1) {{\color{white} 1}};
\node[fill=blue!40, scale=1.1, inner sep=1pt, minimum size=12pt] at (2,-5) {{\color{white} 1}};
\node[fill=blue!40, scale=1.1, inner sep=1pt, minimum size=12pt] at (4,-2) {{\color{white} 1}};
\node[fill=blue!40, scale=1.1, inner sep=1pt, minimum size=12pt] at (5,-4) {{\color{white} 1}};
\node[] at (4,-6.3) {{\color{blue!40} $\blacksquare$} = fixed alignment};
\node[] at (4,-7.2) {Matrix 1: 1-best alignment};
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}[xshift=6.1in, yshift=-0.3in]
\node[anchor=west, rotate=60] at (0.8,-0.6) {VP$^{[1]}$};
\node[anchor=west, rotate=60] at (1.8,-0.6) {VBZ$^{[2]}$};
\node[anchor=west, rotate=60] at (2.8,-0.6) {ADVP$^{[3]}$};
\node[anchor=west, rotate=60] at (3.8,-0.6) {RB$^{[4]}$};
\node[anchor=west, rotate=60] at (4.8,-0.6) {VBN$^{[5]}$};
\node[] at (6.5,-1) {VP$^{[1]}$};
\node[] at (6.5,-2) {AD$^{[2]}$};
\node[] at (6.5,-3) {VP$^{[3]}$};
\node[] at (6.5,-4) {VV$^{[4]}$};
\node[] at (6.5,-5) {AS$^{[5]}$};
\foreach \i in {1,...,5}{
\foreach \j in {-5,...,-1}{
\node[fill=blue!40,scale=0.2] at (\i,\j) {};
}
}
\node[fill=blue!40, scale=1.1, inner sep=1pt, minimum size=12pt] at (1,-1) {{\color{white} \small{.9}}};
\node[fill=blue!40, scale=0.5, inner sep=1pt, minimum size=12pt] at (1,-3) {{\color{white} \small{.1}}};
\node[fill=blue!40, scale=0.5, inner sep=1pt, minimum size=12pt] at (2,-2) {{\color{white} \small{.1}}};
\node[fill=blue!40, scale=0.8, inner sep=1pt, minimum size=12pt] at (2,-3) {{\color{white} \small{.6}}};
\node[fill=blue!40, scale=0.8, inner sep=1pt, minimum size=12pt] at (2,-5) {{\color{white} \small{.6}}};
\node[fill=blue!40, scale=0.5, inner sep=1pt, minimum size=12pt] at (3,-1) {{\color{white} \small{.1}}};
\node[fill=blue!40, scale=0.5, inner sep=1pt, minimum size=12pt] at (3,-2) {{\color{white} \small{.1}}};
\node[fill=blue!40, scale=0.5, inner sep=1pt, minimum size=12pt] at (3,-3) {{\color{white} \small{.1}}};
\node[fill=blue!40, scale=1.0, inner sep=1pt, minimum size=12pt] at (4,-2) {{\color{white} \small{.8}}};
\node[fill=blue!40, scale=0.6, inner sep=1pt, minimum size=12pt] at (5,-3) {{\color{white} \small{.2}}};
\node[fill=blue!40, scale=0.7, inner sep=1pt, minimum size=12pt] at (5,-5) {{\color{white} \small{.4}}};
\node[fill=blue!40, scale=0.65, inner sep=1pt, minimum size=12pt] at (3,-4) {{\color{white} \small{.3}}};
\node[fill=blue!40, scale=0.9, inner sep=1pt, minimum size=12pt] at (5,-4) {{\color{white} \small{.7}}};
\node[] at (4,-6.3) {{\color{blue!40} $\blacksquare$} = possible alignment};
\node[] at (4,-7.2) {Matrix 2: posterior};
\node[] at (9,-7.2) {};%占位符
\end{scope}
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
\\[0.8em]
\end{flushright}
\begin{center}
\vspace{-1em}
(a) Sub-tree alignment matrixes for a sample sub-tree pair
\end{center}
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}[t]{C{0.48\linewidth} C{0.48\linewidth} }
\begin{tabular}{l L{150pt}}
\multicolumn{2}{l}{\textbf{\footnotesize{Minimal Rules}}} \\
\multicolumn{2}{l}{\textbf{\footnotesize{Extracted from Matrix 1 (1-best)}}} \\
\hline
\footnotesize{$r_3$} & \footnotesize{AD(大幅度) $\rightarrow$ RB(drastically)} \\
\footnotesize{$r_4$} & \footnotesize{VV(减少) $\rightarrow$ VBN(fallen)} \\
\footnotesize{$r_6$} & \footnotesize{AS(了) $\rightarrow$ VBZ(have)} \\
\footnotesize{$r_8$} & \footnotesize{VP(AD$_1$ VP(VV$_2$ AS$_3$)) $\rightarrow$} \\
& \footnotesize{VP(VBZ$_3$ ADVP(RB$_1$ VBN$_2$)} \\
\rule{0pt}{11pt} \\
\\
\\
\end{tabular}
&
\begin{tabular}{l L{150pt}}
\multicolumn{2}{l}{\textbf{\small{Minimal Rules}}} \\
\multicolumn{2}{l}{\textbf{\small{Extracted from Matrix 2 (posterior)}}} \\
\hline
\footnotesize{$r_3$} & \footnotesize{AD(大幅度) $\rightarrow$ RB(drastically)} \\
\footnotesize{$r_4$} & \footnotesize{VV(减少) $\rightarrow$ VBN(fallen)} \\
\footnotesize{$r_6$} & \footnotesize{AS(了) $\rightarrow$ VBZ(have)} \\
\footnotesize{$r_8$} & \footnotesize{VP(AD$_1$ VP(VV$_2$ AS$_3$)) $\rightarrow$} \\
& \footnotesize{VP(VBZ$_3$ ADVP(RB$_1$ VBN$_2$)} \\
\footnotesize{$r_{10}$} & \footnotesize{VP(VV(减少) AS(了)) $\rightarrow$ VBN(fallen)} \\
\footnotesize{$r_{11}$} & \footnotesize{VP(AD$_1$ VP$_2$) $\rightarrow$ VP(VBZ$_1$ ADVP$_2$)} \\
\footnotesize{...}\\
\end{tabular}
\\
\end{tabular}
\begin{center}
\vspace{-2em}
(b) Rules extracted using 1-best alignment and alignment posterior.
\end{center}
\end{center}
Book/Chapter4/Figures/operation-of-tree-replace.tex 0 → 100644
%%%------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%%% 规则实例(树到树)
\begin{center}
\begin{tikzpicture}
{\scriptsize
\begin{scope}[sibling distance=5pt, level distance = 22pt]
\Tree[.\node(s1){VP}; [.\node(s2){PP}; ] [.\node(s3){VP}; [.\node(s4){VV}; \node[fill=white](w1){表示}; ] [.\node(s5){NN}; ] ] ]
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}[xshift=1.2in, yshift=-0.2in, sibling distance=5pt, level distance = 22pt]
\Tree[.\node(ws1){NN}; \node(ws2){满意}; ]
\end{scope}
\node (anchor=west] (arrow) at ([xshift=0.4in]ws2.east) {\large{$\Rightarrow$}};
\begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
\node [inner sep=0,fill=red!20] [fit = (ws1)] (snode1) {};
\node [inner sep=0,fill=red!20] [fit = (s5)] (snode2) {};
\draw [<-,thick,dotted] ([xshift=0.1em]s5.east) ..controls +(east:3em) and +(west:3em).. ([xshift=-0.1em]ws1.west);
\end{pgfonlayer}
\begin{scope}[xshift=2.5in, sibling distance=5pt, level distance = 22pt]
\Tree[.\node(s1){VP}; [.\node(s2){PP}; ] [.\node(s3){VP}; [.\node(s4){VV}; \node[fill=white](w1){表示}; ] [.\node(s5){NN}; \node(w2){满意}; ] ] ]
\end{scope}
}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{center}
\ No newline at end of file
Book/Chapter4/Figures/phrase-extraction-consistent-with-word-alignment-1.tex 0 → 100644
%%%------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%%% 短语抽取方法
\begin{center}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\tikzstyle{elementnode} = [rectangle,text=white,anchor=center]
\tikzstyle{srcnode} = [rotate=45,font=\small,anchor=south west]
\tikzstyle{tgtnode} = [left,font=\small,anchor=north east]
\tikzstyle{alignmentnode} = [rectangle,draw,minimum height=3.6*1.1cm,minimum width=0.36*1.1cm]
\tikzstyle{probnode} = [fill=blue!30,minimum width=0.4*1.1cm]
\tikzstyle{labelnode} = [above]
% alignment matrix
\begin{scope}[scale=0.85,yshift=0.12in]
\foreach \i / \j / \c in
{0/5/0.15, 1/5/0.15, 2/5/0.15, 3/5/0.15, 4/5/0.15, 5/5/0.15, 6/5/0.15, 7/5/0.15,
0/4/0.15, 1/4/0.15, 2/4/0.15, 3/4/0.15, 4/4/0.15, 5/4/0.15, 6/4/0.15, 7/4/0.15,
0/3/0.15, 1/3/0.15, 2/3/0.15, 3/3/0.15, 4/3/0.15, 5/3/0.15, 6/3/0.15, 7/3/0.15,
0/2/0.15, 1/2/0.15, 2/2/0.15, 3/2/0.15, 4/2/0.15, 5/2/0.15, 6/2/0.15, 7/2/0.15,
0/1/0.15, 1/1/0.15, 2/1/0.15, 3/1/0.15, 4/1/0.15, 5/1/0.15, 6/1/0.15, 7/1/0.15,
0/0/0.15, 1/0/0.15, 2/0/0.15, 3/0/0.15, 4/0/0.15, 5/0/0.15, 6/0/0.15, 7/0/0.15}
\node[elementnode,minimum size=0.6*1.1cm*\c,inner sep=0.1pt,fill=blue] (a\i\j) at (0.5*1.1cm*\i-5.4*0.5*1.1cm,0.5*1.1cm*\j-0.05*1.1cm) {};
% source
\node[srcnode] (src1) at (-5.4*0.5*1.1cm,-1.05*1.1cm+7.5*0.5*1.1cm) {\scriptsize{The}};
\node[srcnode] (src2) at ([xshift=0.5*1.1cm]src1.south west) {\scriptsize{weather}};
\node[srcnode] (src3) at ([xshift=0.5*1.1cm]src2.south west) {\scriptsize{is}};
\node[srcnode] (src4) at ([xshift=0.5*1.1cm]src3.south west) {\scriptsize{very}};
\node[srcnode] (src5) at ([xshift=0.5*1.1cm]src4.south west) {\scriptsize{good}};
\node[srcnode] (src6) at ([xshift=0.5*1.1cm]src5.south west) {\scriptsize{today}};
\node[srcnode] (src7) at ([xshift=0.5*1.1cm]src6.south west) {\scriptsize{.}};
\node[srcnode] (src8) at ([xshift=0.5*1.1cm]src7.south west) {\scriptsize{EOS}};
% target
\node[tgtnode] (tgt1) at (-6.0*0.5*1.1cm,-1.05*1.1cm+7.5*0.5*1.1cm) {\scriptsize{今天}};
\node[tgtnode] (tgt2) at ([yshift=-0.5*1.1cm]tgt1.north east) {\scriptsize{天气}};
\node[tgtnode] (tgt3) at ([yshift=-0.5*1.1cm]tgt2.north east) {\scriptsize{真}};
\node[tgtnode] (tgt4) at ([yshift=-0.5*1.1cm]tgt3.north east) {\scriptsize{好}};
\node[tgtnode] (tgt5) at ([yshift=-0.5*1.1cm]tgt4.north east) {\scriptsize{。}};
\node[tgtnode] (tgt6) at ([yshift=-0.5*1.1cm]tgt5.north east) {\scriptsize{EOS}};
% word alignment
\node[align=center,elementnode,minimum size=0.3cm,inner sep=0.1pt,fill=blue!50] (l14) at (a14) {};
\node[align=center,elementnode,minimum size=0.3cm,inner sep=0.1pt,fill=blue!50] (l55) at (a55) {};
\node[align=center,elementnode,minimum size=0.3cm,inner sep=0.1pt,fill=blue!50] (l33) at (a33) {};
\node[align=center,elementnode,minimum size=0.3cm,inner sep=0.1pt,fill=blue!50] (l42) at (a42) {};
\node[align=center,elementnode,minimum size=0.3cm,inner sep=0.1pt,fill=blue!50] (l61) at (a61) {};
\node[align=center,elementnode,minimum size=0.3cm,inner sep=0.1pt,fill=blue!50] (l70) at (a70) {};
\node [anchor=north west,fill=blue!30,minimum width=1.3in,minimum height=1.5em] (alig) at ([xshift=3em,yshift=-1.5em]tgt6.south west) {\footnotesize{与词对齐保持一致?}};
{
\begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
{
\node [rectangle,draw=red,thick,inner sep=0.4em,fill=white,drop shadow] [fit = (a04) (a14) (a24) (a33) (a42)] (phrase4) {};
}
\end{pgfonlayer}
\draw [->,thick,dotted] ([xshift=0.5em,yshift=-0.1em]phrase4.south) .. controls +(south:2.0) and +(north:1.2) .. ([yshift=0.1em]alig.north);
}
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}[xshift = 1.5in, yshift = 1.3in]
{\scriptsize
\node (rules) {\textbf{抽取得到的短语:}};
\draw[-] (rules.south west)--([xshift=2.0in]rules.south west);
{
\node[anchor=north west] (r1) at ([yshift=-0.3em]rules.south west) {天气 -- The weather};
}
{
\node[anchor=north west] (r2) at ([yshift=-0.4em]r1.south west) {天气 -- The weather is};
}
{
\node[anchor=north west] (r3) at ([yshift=-0.4em]r2.south west) {天气真 -- The weather is very};
}
{
\node[anchor=north west] (r4) at ([yshift=-0.4em]r3.south west) {天气真好 -- The weather is very good};
}
{
\begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
{
\node [rectangle,thick,inner sep=0.1em,fill=green!20] [fit = (r4)] (p4) {};
}
\end{pgfonlayer}
\draw [->,thick,dotted] ([xshift=0.1em]alig.east) .. controls +(east:2) and +(west:1.5) .. ([xshift=-0.1em]p4.west);
}
}
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{center}
\ No newline at end of file
Book/Chapter4/Figures/phrase-extraction-consistent-with-word-alignment.tex 0 → 100644
%%------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%% 与词对齐的兼容性
\begin{center}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\tikzstyle{elementnode} = [rectangle,text=white,anchor=center]
\tikzstyle{srcnode} = [rotate=45,font=\small,anchor=south west]
\tikzstyle{tgtnode} = [left,font=\small,anchor=north east]
\tikzstyle{alignmentnode} = [rectangle,draw,minimum height=3.6*1.1cm,minimum width=0.36*1.1cm]
\tikzstyle{probnode} = [fill=blue!30,minimum width=0.4*1.1cm]
\tikzstyle{labelnode} = [above]
alignment matrix
\begin{scope}[scale=0.85,yshift=0.12in]
\foreach \i / \j / \c in
{0/5/0.15, 1/5/0.15, 2/5/0.15, 3/5/0.15, 4/5/0.15, 5/5/0.15, 6/5/0.15, 7/5/0.15,
0/4/0.15, 1/4/0.15, 2/4/0.15, 3/4/0.15, 4/4/0.15, 5/4/0.15, 6/4/0.15, 7/4/0.15,
0/3/0.15, 1/3/0.15, 2/3/0.15, 3/3/0.15, 4/3/0.15, 5/3/0.15, 6/3/0.15, 7/3/0.15,
0/2/0.15, 1/2/0.15, 2/2/0.15, 3/2/0.15, 4/2/0.15, 5/2/0.15, 6/2/0.15, 7/2/0.15,
0/1/0.15, 1/1/0.15, 2/1/0.15, 3/1/0.15, 4/1/0.15, 5/1/0.15, 6/1/0.15, 7/1/0.15,
0/0/0.15, 1/0/0.15, 2/0/0.15, 3/0/0.15, 4/0/0.15, 5/0/0.15, 6/0/0.15, 7/0/0.15}
\node[elementnode,minimum size=0.6*1.1cm*\c,inner sep=0.1pt,fill=blue] (a\i\j) at (0.5*1.1cm*\i-5.4*0.5*1.1cm,0.5*1.1cm*\j-0.05*1.1cm) {};
source
\node[srcnode] (src1) at (-5.4*0.5*1.1cm,-1.05*1.1cm+7.5*0.5*1.1cm) {\scriptsize{The}};
\node[srcnode] (src2) at ([xshift=0.5*1.1cm]src1.south west) {\scriptsize{weather}};
\node[srcnode] (src3) at ([xshift=0.5*1.1cm]src2.south west) {\scriptsize{is}};
\node[srcnode] (src4) at ([xshift=0.5*1.1cm]src3.south west) {\scriptsize{very}};
\node[srcnode] (src5) at ([xshift=0.5*1.1cm]src4.south west) {\scriptsize{good}};
\node[srcnode] (src6) at ([xshift=0.5*1.1cm]src5.south west) {\scriptsize{today}};
\node[srcnode] (src7) at ([xshift=0.5*1.1cm]src6.south west) {\scriptsize{.}};
\node[srcnode] (src8) at ([xshift=0.5*1.1cm]src7.south west) {\scriptsize{EOS}};
target
\node[tgtnode] (tgt1) at (-6.0*0.5*1.1cm,-1.05*1.1cm+7.5*0.5*1.1cm) {\scriptsize{今天}};
\node[tgtnode] (tgt2) at ([yshift=-0.5*1.1cm]tgt1.north east) {\scriptsize{天气}};
\node[tgtnode] (tgt3) at ([yshift=-0.5*1.1cm]tgt2.north east) {\scriptsize{真}};
\node[tgtnode] (tgt4) at ([yshift=-0.5*1.1cm]tgt3.north east) {\scriptsize{好}};
\node[tgtnode] (tgt5) at ([yshift=-0.5*1.1cm]tgt4.north east) {\scriptsize{。}};
\node[tgtnode] (tgt6) at ([yshift=-0.5*1.1cm]tgt5.north east) {\scriptsize{EOS}};
word alignment
\node[align=center,elementnode,minimum size=0.3cm,inner sep=0.1pt,fill=blue!50] (l04) at (a04) {};
\node[align=center,elementnode,minimum size=0.3cm,inner sep=0.1pt,fill=blue!50] (l14) at (a14) {};
\node[align=center,elementnode,minimum size=0.3cm,inner sep=0.1pt,fill=blue!50] (l55) at (a55) {};
\node[align=center,elementnode,minimum size=0.3cm,inner sep=0.1pt,fill=blue!50] (l33) at (a33) {};
\node[align=center,elementnode,minimum size=0.3cm,inner sep=0.1pt,fill=blue!50] (l42) at (a42) {};
\node[align=center,elementnode,minimum size=0.3cm,inner sep=0.1pt,fill=blue!50] (l61) at (a61) {};
\node[align=center,elementnode,minimum size=0.3cm,inner sep=0.1pt,fill=blue!50] (l70) at (a70) {};
{
\node [anchor=west] (p1line1) at ([xshift=4em,yshift=1em]a75.east) {\footnotesize{$\bar{s}_i$: 天气\ \ \ \ \ \ }};
\node [anchor=north west] (p1line2) at ([xshift=0]p1line1.south west) {\footnotesize{$\bar{t}_i$: The\ \ \ weather\ \ \ \ \ }};
\node [anchor=west] (p2line1) at ([xshift=4em]a72.east) {\footnotesize{$\bar{s}_j$: 真\ \ \ 好 \ \ }};
\node [anchor=north west] (p2line2) at ([xshift=0]p2line1.south west) {\footnotesize{$\bar{t}_j$: very\ \ \ good\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ }};
\node [anchor=east] (p2line3) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-4em]p1line2.east) {};
\begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
{
\node [rectangle,draw=red,thick,inner sep=0.4em,fill=white,drop shadow] [fit = (a04) (a14)] (phrase1) {};
\node [rectangle,draw=ugreen,thick,inner sep=0.4em,fill=white,drop shadow] [fit = (a33) (a42)] (phrase2) {};
\node [rectangle,inner sep=0.2em,fill=red!10] [fit = (p1line1) (p1line2)] (box1) {};
\node [rectangle,inner sep=0.2em,fill=green!10] [fit = (p2line1) (p2line2) (p2line3)] (box2) {};
}
\end{pgfonlayer}
\draw [->,thick,dotted] ([yshift=0.3em]phrase1.east) .. controls +(east:3.5) and +(west:1) .. (box1.west);
\draw [->,thick,dotted] ([yshift=-0.0em]phrase2.east) .. controls +(east:2.0) and +(west:1) .. ([yshift=1em]box2.west);
}
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{center}
\ No newline at end of file
Book/Chapter4/Figures/phrase-structure-tree-and-dependency-tree.tex 0 → 100644
%------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%%% 使用句法信息的一些思考
\begin{tikzpicture}
{\footnotesize
\begin{scope}[xshift = -0.3in, sibling distance=3pt, level distance = 18pt]
\Tree[.S
[.NP
[.NNP \node(w1){Messi}; ]
]
[.VP
[.VBD \node(w2){hit}; ]
[.NP
[.DT \node(w3){the}; ]
[.NN \node(w4){ball}; ]
]
]
]
\node [anchor=north west] (cap1) at ([yshift=-2.0em,xshift=2.0em]w1.south west) {\footnotesize{(a) 短语结构树}};
\node [anchor=west] (t1) at ([xshift=3em,]w4.east) {Messi};
\node [anchor=west] (t2) at ([xshift=0.5em,]t1.east) {hit};
\node [anchor=west] (t3) at ([xshift=0.5em,]t2.east) {the};
\node [anchor=west] (t4) at ([xshift=0.5em,]t3.east) {ball};
\draw [->] ([xshift=0em]t3.north) .. controls +(north:1em) and +(north:1em) .. ([xshift=-0.2em]t4.north);
\draw [->] ([xshift=0.2em]t4.north) .. controls +(north:2.5em) and +(north:2.5em) .. ([xshift=0.2em]t2.north);
\draw [->] ([xshift=0.0em]t1.north) .. controls +(north:2.5em) and +(north:2.5em) .. ([xshift=-0.2em]t2.north);
\node [anchor=north west] (cap2) at ([yshift=-0.2em,xshift=-0.5em]t2.south west) {\footnotesize{(b) 依存树}};
\end{scope}
}
\end{tikzpicture}
Book/Chapter4/Figures/process-of-machine-translation-base-phrase.tex 0 → 100644
%%%------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%%% 短语系统的架构
\begin{center}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{scope}
\tikzstyle{datanode} = [minimum width=7em,minimum height=1.7em,fill=red!20,rounded corners=0.7em];
\tikzstyle{modelnode} = [minimum width=7em,minimum height=1.7em,fill=blue!20,rounded corners=0.2em];
\tikzstyle{decodingnode} = [minimum width=7em,minimum height=1.7em,fill=green!20,rounded corners=0.2em];
\node [datanode,draw,anchor=north west] (bitext) at (0,0) {{ \scriptsize{训练用双语数据}}};
\node [modelnode,draw,anchor=north] (phrase) at ([yshift=-1.5em]bitext.south) {{ \scriptsize{短语抽取及打分}}};
\node [modelnode,draw,anchor=west] (reorder) at ([xshift=1.5em]phrase.east) {{ \scriptsize{调序建模}}};
\node [modelnode,draw,anchor=west] (lm) at ([xshift=1.5em]reorder.east) {{ \scriptsize{语言建模}}};
\node [datanode,draw,anchor=south] (monotext) at ([yshift=1.5em]lm.north) {{ \scriptsize{目标语单语数据}}};
\node [datanode,draw,anchor=north] (phrasetable) at ([yshift=-1.5em]phrase.south) {{ \scriptsize{短语表}}};
\node [datanode,draw,anchor=north] (reordertable) at ([yshift=-1.5em]reorder.south) {{ \scriptsize{调序模型}}};
\node [datanode,draw,anchor=north] (lmtable) at ([yshift=-1.5em]lm.south) {{ \scriptsize{语言模型}}};
\node [decodingnode,draw,anchor=north] (decoding) at ([yshift=-2em]reordertable.south) {{ \scriptsize{解码器}}};
\draw [->,very thick] ([yshift=-0.1em]bitext.south) -- ([yshift=0.1em]phrase.north);
\draw [->,very thick] (bitext.south east) -- ([yshift=0.1em]reorder.north west);
\draw [->,very thick] ([yshift=-0.1em]monotext.south) -- ([yshift=0.1em]lm.north);
\draw [->,very thick] ([yshift=-0.1em]phrase.south) -- ([yshift=0.1em]phrasetable.north);
\draw [->,very thick] ([yshift=-0.1em]reorder.south) -- ([yshift=0.1em]reordertable.north);
\draw [->,very thick] ([yshift=-0.1em]lm.south) -- ([yshift=0.1em]lmtable.north);
\draw [->,very thick] ([yshift=-0.1em]phrasetable.south east) -- ([yshift=0.1em,xshift=-3em]decoding.north);
\draw [->,very thick] ([yshift=-0.1em]reordertable.south) -- ([yshift=0.1em,xshift=0em]decoding.north);
\draw [->,very thick] ([yshift=-0.1em]lmtable.south west) -- ([yshift=0.1em,xshift=3em]decoding.north);
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{center}
\ No newline at end of file
Book/Chapter4/Figures/processing-of-hierarchical-phrase-system.tex 0 → 100644
%------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%%% 文法驱动的统计机器翻译流程
\begin{center}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{scope}
\tikzstyle{datanode} = [minimum width=7em,minimum height=1.7em,fill=blue!20,draw,rounded corners=0.7em];
\tikzstyle{modelnode} = [minimum width=7em,minimum height=1.7em,fill=red!20,draw,rounded corners=0.2em];
\tikzstyle{decodingnode} = [minimum width=7em,minimum height=1.7em,fill=green!20,draw,rounded corners=0.2em];
\node [datanode,anchor=north west] (bitext) at (0,0) {{ \scriptsize{训练用双语数据}}};
\node [modelnode, anchor=north west] (gi) at ([xshift=2em,yshift=-0.2em]bitext.south east) {{ \scriptsize{文法(规则)抽取}}};
\node [datanode,anchor=north east] (birules) at ([xshift=-2em,yshift=-0.2em]gi.south west) {{ \scriptsize{同步翻译文法}}};
\node [modelnode, anchor=north west] (training) at ([xshift=2em,yshift=-0.2em]birules.south east) {{ \scriptsize{特征值学习}}};
\node [datanode,anchor=north east] (model) at ([xshift=-2em,yshift=-0.2em]training.south west) {{ \scriptsize{翻译模型}}};
\node [decodingnode, anchor=north west] (tuning) at ([xshift=2em,yshift=-0.2em]model.south east) {{ \scriptsize{特征权重调优}}};
\node [datanode,anchor=north east] (tuningdata) at ([xshift=-2em,yshift=-0.2em]tuning.south west) {{ \scriptsize{调优用双语数据}}};
\node [decodingnode, anchor=north west] (decoding) at ([xshift=2em,yshift=-0.2em]tuningdata.south east) {{ \scriptsize{解码新句子}}};
\node [datanode,anchor=south west] (monotext) at ([xshift=2em,yshift=0.2em]training.north east) {{ \scriptsize{目标语数据}}};
\node [modelnode,anchor=south west] (lm) at ([xshift=2em,yshift=0.2em]tuning.north east) {{ \scriptsize{$n$-gram语言建模}}};
\node [datanode,anchor=south west] (lmmodel) at ([xshift=2em,yshift=0.2em]decoding.north east) {{ \scriptsize{语言模型}}};
\draw [->,very thick] ([yshift=-0.3em,xshift=0.1em]bitext.east) -- ([yshift=0.1em]gi.north west);
\draw [->,very thick] ([yshift=-0.1em]gi.south west) -- ([yshift=0.3em,xshift=0.1em]birules.east);
\draw [->,very thick] ([yshift=-0.3em,xshift=0.1em]birules.east) -- ([yshift=0.1em]training.north west);
\draw [->,very thick] ([yshift=-0.1em]training.south west) -- ([yshift=0.3em,xshift=0.1em]model.east);
\draw [->,very thick] ([yshift=-0.3em,xshift=0.1em]model.east) -- ([yshift=0.1em]tuning.north west);
\draw [->,very thick] ([yshift=-0.1em]tuning.south) -- ([yshift=0.1em]decoding.north);
\draw [->,very thick] ([yshift=0.3em,xshift=0.1em]tuningdata.east) -- ([yshift=-0.1em]tuning.south west);
\draw [->,very thick] ([yshift=-0.1em]monotext.south) -- ([yshift=0.1em]lm.north);
\draw [->,very thick] ([yshift=-0.1em]lm.south) -- ([yshift=0.1em]lmmodel.north);
\draw [->,very thick] ([yshift=0.3em,xshift=-0.1em]lmmodel.west) -- ([yshift=-0.1em]tuning.south east);
\draw [->,very thick] ([yshift=-0.3em,xshift=-0.1em]lmmodel.west) -- ([yshift=0.1em]decoding.north east);
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{center}
Book/Chapter4/Figures/reorder-base-distance.tex 0 → 100644
%%%------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%%% 调序模型1：基于距离的调序
\begin{center}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{scope}[minimum height = 20pt]
\node[anchor=east] (s0) at (-0.5em, 0) {$\textbf{s}$:};
\node[anchor=west,fill=green!20] (s1) at (0, 0) {\scriptsize{在 桌子 上 的}};
\node[anchor=south] (n1) at ([xshift=-2.5em,yshift=-0.5em]s1.north) {\scriptsize{1}};
\node[anchor=south] (n2) at ([xshift=-0.8em,yshift=-0.5em]s1.north) {\scriptsize{2}};
\node[anchor=south] (n3) at ([xshift=1.1em,yshift=-0.5em]s1.north) {\scriptsize{3}};
\node[anchor=south] (n4) at ([xshift=2.5em,yshift=-0.5em]s1.north) {\scriptsize{4}};
\node[anchor=west,fill=red!20] (s2) at ([xshift=1em]s1.east) {\scriptsize{苹果}};
\node[anchor=south] (n5) at ([yshift=-0.5em]s2.north) {\scriptsize{5}};
\node[anchor=east] (t0) at (-0.5em, -1.5) {$\textbf{t}$:};
\node[anchor=west,fill=red!20] (t1) at (0, -1.5) {\scriptsize{the apple}};
\node[anchor=west,fill=green!20] (t2) at ([xshift=1em]t1.east) {\scriptsize{on the table}};
\path[<->, thick] (s1.south) edge (t2.north);
\path[<->, thick] (s2.south) edge (t1.north);
\node[anchor=west] (target) at ([xshift=3.5em,yshift=2.3em]n5.east) {\scriptsize{目标短语}};
\node[anchor=west] (source) at ([xshift=0.5em]target.east) {\scriptsize{源短语}};
\node[anchor=west] (distance) at ([xshift=0.9em]source.east) {\scriptsize{距离}};
\node[anchor=north] (t1) at ([xshift=-0em,yshift=-0.1em]target.south) {1};
\node[anchor=north] (t2) at ([yshift=-1.8em]t1.south) {2};
\node[anchor=north] (so1) at ([yshift=-0.1em]source.south) {5};
\node[anchor=north] (so2) at ([yshift=-1.8em]so1.south) {1-4};
\node[anchor=north] (d1) at ([xshift=-0.1em,yshift=-0.1em]distance.south) {+4};
\node[anchor=north] (d2) at ([yshift=-1.8em]d1.south) {-5};
\node[anchor=north west,fill=blue!20] (m1) at ([xshift=-0.5em,yshift=-0.0em]t1.south west) {\scriptsize{$\textrm{start}_1\ -\ \textrm{end}_{0}\ -\ 1$\ =\ 5\ -\ 0\ -\ 1}};
\node[anchor=north west,fill=blue!20] (m2) at ([xshift=-0.5em,yshift=-0.0em]t2.south west) {\scriptsize{$\textrm{start}_2\ -\ \textrm{end}_{1}\ -\ 1$\ =\ 1\ -\ 5\ -\ 1}};
\draw[-] ([xshift=0.02in]target.south west)--([xshift=1.6in]target.south west);
\draw[-,thick] (s1.north west)--([yshift=0.3in]s1.north west);
\draw[->,densely dotted,thick] ([yshift=0.3in]s1.north west)--([xshift=0.3in,yshift=0.3in]s1.north west);
\draw[-,thick] (s2.north west)--([yshift=0.3in]s2.north west);
\draw[->,densely dotted,thick] ([yshift=0.3in]s2.north west)--([xshift=-0.3in,yshift=0.3in]s2.north west);
\node[anchor=south] (ld1) at ([xshift=-0.1em,yshift=0.4em]n1.north) {\scriptsize{$dr$=-5}};
\node[anchor=south] (ld2) at ([xshift=6em,yshift=0.4em]n1.north) {\scriptsize{$dr$=+4}};
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{center}
\ No newline at end of file
Book/Chapter4/Figures/reorder-base-phrase-translation.tex 0 → 100644
%%%------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%%% 调序模型1：基于距离的调序
\begin{center}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{scope}[minimum height = 20pt]
\node[anchor=east] (s0) at (-0.5em, 0) {$\textbf{s}$:};
\node[anchor=west,fill=green!20] (s1) at (0, 0) {\scriptsize{在 桌子 上 的}};
\node[anchor=west,fill=red!20] (s2) at ([xshift=1em]s1.east) {\scriptsize{苹果}};
\node[anchor=east] (t0) at (-0.5em, -1.5) {$\textbf{t}$:};
\node[anchor=west,fill=red!20] (t1) at (0, -1.5) {\scriptsize{the apple}};
\node[anchor=west,fill=green!20] (t2) at ([xshift=1em]t1.east) {\scriptsize{on the table}};
\path[<->, thick] (s1.south) edge (t2.north);
\path[<->, thick] (s2.south) edge (t1.north);
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{center}
\ No newline at end of file
Book/Chapter4/Figures/result-of-tree-binarization.tex 0 → 100644
%%%------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%%% tree binarization (cont.)
\begin{center}
\begin{tikzpicture}
{\scriptsize
\begin{scope}[sibling distance=4pt, level distance=25pt]
\Tree[.\node(n1){NP};
[.NNP \node(sw1){美国}; ]
[.NN \node(sw2){总统}; ]
[.NN \node(sw3){唐纳德}; ]
[.NN \node(sw4){特朗普}; ]
]
\node [anchor=north] (tw1) at ([yshift=-2em]sw1.south) {U.S.};
\node [anchor=north] (tw2) at ([yshift=-2em]sw2.south) {President};
\node [anchor=north] (tw3) at ([yshift=-2em]sw3.south) {Trump};
\draw [-,dashed] (sw1.south) -- (tw1.north);
\draw [-,dashed] (sw2.south) -- (tw2.north);
\draw [-,dashed] (sw3.south) -- (tw3.north);
\draw [-,dashed] (sw4.south) -- (tw3.north);
\draw [->,very thick] ([xshift=1em]sw4.east) -- ([xshift=5em]sw4.east) node [pos=0.5,above] {\tiny{二叉化}};
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}[xshift=2.2in,sibling distance=10pt, level distance=15pt]
\Tree[.\node(n1){NP};
[.NNP \node(sw1){美国}; ]
[.NP-BAR
[.NN \node(sw2){总统}; ]
[.NP-BAR
[.NN \node(sw3){唐纳德}; ]
[.NN \node(sw4){特朗普}; ]
]
]
]
\node [anchor=north] (tw1) at ([yshift=-4.5em]sw1.south) {U.S.};
\node [anchor=north] (tw2) at ([yshift=-2.75em]sw2.south) {President};
\node [anchor=north] (tw3) at ([yshift=-1em]sw3.south) {Trump};
\draw [-,dashed] (sw1.south) -- (tw1.north);
\draw [-,dashed] (sw2.south) -- (tw2.north);
\draw [-,dashed] (sw3.south) -- (tw3.north);
\draw [-,dashed] (sw4.south) -- (tw3.north);
\end{scope}
}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{center}
\ No newline at end of file
Book/Chapter4/Figures/role-of-syntax-tree-in-different-decoding-methods.tex 0 → 100644
%%%------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%%% 基于串的解码方法
\begin{center}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{scope}[scale=0.9,level distance=30pt,sibling distance=0pt]
{\scriptsize
\Tree[.\node(bsn0){IP};
[.\node(bsn1){NP};
[.\node(bsn2){NN}; \node(bsw1){猫}; ]
]
[.\node(bsn3){VP};
[.\node(bsn4){VV}; \node(bsw2){喜欢}; ]
[.\node(bsn5){VP}; \edge[roof]; \node(bsw3){吃 \ 鱼}; ]
]
]
\node [anchor=west] (target) at ([xshift=1em]bsw3.east) {Cats like eating fish};
\node [anchor=north,inner sep=3pt] (cap1) at ([yshift=-1em]target.south west) {(a) 基于树的解码};
\draw [->,thick] (bsw3.east) -- (target.west);
\node [anchor=west] (sourcelabel) at ([xshift=4em,yshift=-1em]bsn0.east) {显式输入的结构};
\node [anchor=west] (source2) at ([xshift=5em]target.east) {猫 喜欢 吃 鱼};
\node [anchor=west] (target2) at ([xshift=1em]source2.east) {Cats like eating fish};
\node [anchor=north,inner sep=3pt] (cap2) at ([xshift=2em,yshift=-1em]target2.south west) {(b) 基于串的解码};
\draw [->,thick] (source2.east) -- (target2.west);
\begin{scope}[xshift=2.55in,yshift=-1em,sibling distance=3pt]
\Tree[.\node(bsn0){IP};
[.\node(bsn1){NP};
[.\node(bsn2){NN}; ]
]
[.\node(bsn3){VP};
[.\node(bsn4){VV}; ]
[.\node(bsn5){VP}; ]
]
]
\begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
\node [draw,dashed,inner sep=2pt] (box) [fit = (bsn0) (bsn1) (bsn2) (bsn3) (bsn4) (bsn5)] {};
\node [anchor=north west] (boxlabel) at ([xshift=2em]box.north east) {隐含结构};
\end{pgfonlayer}
\end{scope}
}
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{center}
\ No newline at end of file
Book/Chapter4/Figures/rule-matching-base-tree.tex 0 → 100644
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%% 规则使用 - 基于树的匹配
\begin{center}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{scope}[scale=0.97]
{\scriptsize
\begin{scope}[sibling distance=2pt,level distance=20pt,grow'=up]
\Tree[.\node(treeroot){IP};
[.NP [.NR 阿都拉$_1$ ]]
[.\node(tn1){VP};
[.\node(tn2){PP};
[.\node(tn3){P}; \node(cw1){对$_2$}; ]
[.\node(tn4){NP}; \edge[roof]; {自己$_3$ 四$_4$\ 个$_5$\ 多$_6$\ 月$_7$\ 以来$_8$\ 的$_9$\ 施政$_{10}$\ 表现$_{11}$} ]
]
[.\node(tn5){VP};
[.VV 感到$_{12}$ ]
[.NN 满意$_{13}$ ]
]
]
]
\end{scope}
{
\node [anchor=west,fill=blue!20!white] (rulepart1) at ([yshift=2.0in,xshift=-1.3in]treeroot.east) {VP(PP(P(对) NP$_1$) VP$_2$)};
\node [anchor=north west] (rulepart2) at (rulepart1.south west) {$\to$ VP$_2$ with NP$_1$};
}
\begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
{
\node[rectangle,draw,inner sep=2pt] [fit = (rulepart1) (rulepart2)] (rulemark) {};
}
\end{pgfonlayer}
{
\node [anchor=south west] at (rulemark.north west) {\tiny{{树到串翻译规则}}};
}
}
\begin{scope}[xshift=1.5in,yshift=1.6in]
{
\node[anchor=center, minimum size=10pt,draw] (cell1and1) at (0,0) {};
\node[anchor=west, minimum size=10pt,draw] (cell2and1) at ([xshift=-0.04em]cell1and1.east) {};
\node[anchor=west, minimum size=10pt,draw] (cell3and1) at ([xshift=-0.04em]cell2and1.east) {};
\node[anchor=west, minimum size=10pt] (cell4and1) at ([xshift=0]cell3and1.east) {\tiny{$\dots$}};
\node[anchor=west, minimum size=10pt,draw] (cellnand1) at ([xshift=0]cell4and1.east) {};
\node[anchor=south, minimum size=10pt,draw] (cell1and2) at ([yshift=-0.04em]cell1and1.north) {};
\node[anchor=west, minimum size=10pt,draw] (cell2and2) at ([xshift=-0.04em]cell1and2.east) {};
\node[anchor=south, minimum size=10pt,draw] (cell1and3) at ([yshift=-0.04em]cell1and2.north) {};
\node[anchor=south, minimum size=10pt] (cell1and4) at ([yshift=0]cell1and3.north) {\tiny{$\vdots$}};
\node[anchor=south, minimum size=10pt] (cell2and3) at ([yshift=0pt]cell2and2.north) {\tiny{$\vdots$}};
\node[anchor=south, minimum size=10pt] (cell3and2) at ([yshift=1pt]cell3and1.north) {\tiny{$\vdots$}};
\node[anchor=south, minimum size=10pt,draw] (cell4andn) at ([yshift=11pt,xshift=10pt]cell3and1.north) {};
\node[anchor=south, minimum size=10pt,draw] (cell1andn) at ([yshift=-3pt]cell1and4.north) {};
\node[anchor=south, minimum size=10pt,draw] (cell2andn) at ([xshift=0pt,yshift=-3pt]cell2and3.north) {};
%\node[anchor=center, minimum size=10pt,draw] (cell3andn) at ([xshift=10pt,yshift=-10pt]cell2andn.center) {};
\node[anchor=west] (chartlabel) at ([xshift=-0em,yshift=-0.8em]cell1and1.south east) {\scriptsize{Chart}};
}
\end{scope}
{
\path [draw,thick,ublue,->,dashed] (rulemark.north east) .. controls +(60:2.0) and +(north east:1.5) .. ([yshift=0.05em,xshift=0.05em]cell4andn.north east) node[pos=0.25, below,yshift=-0.2em] (spanlabel) {};
}
\begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
{
\path [fill=red!20] (tn1.south west) -- ([yshift=0.2em]tn2.south west) -- ([yshift=0.2em,xshift=-0.30em]tn3.south west) -- (cw1.north west) -- (cw1.north east) -- ([xshift=0.30em]tn3.north east) -- (tn4.north east) -- (tn4.south east) -- ([xshift=0.5em]tn2.north east) -- (tn5.north east)-- ([yshift=0.2em]tn5.south east) -- (tn1.south east) -- (tn1.south west);
}
\end{pgfonlayer}
{
\path [draw,thick,ublue,<->] ([xshift=-2em]rulepart1.south east) .. controls +(south:1.7) and +(north:1.3) .. ([xshift=0em,yshift=0.10em]cw1.north) node[pos=0.5, below,xshift=0.3in] {\scriptsize{树片段的匹配}};
}
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{center}
\ No newline at end of file
Book/Chapter4/Figures/search-space-representation-of-feature-weight-1.tex 0 → 100644
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{scope}[scale=0.55]
{\tiny
\draw[step=1,help lines,color=black] grid (4,4);
\node[anchor=north] (y2) at ([xshift=-3.3em,yshift=0em]n1.north) {0.01};
\node[anchor=north] (y1) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-3.3em]y2.south) {0.00};
\node[anchor=north] (y3) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=4.5em]y2.north) {0.02};
\node[anchor=north] (y4) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=6.6em]y3.north) {$\vdots$};
\node[anchor=north] (y5) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=2em]y4.north) {1.00};
\node[anchor=north] (x1) at ([xshift=2em,yshift=-3em]n1.south) {$\lambda_1$};
\node[anchor=north] (x2) at ([xshift=4.5em,yshift=0em]x1.north) {$\lambda_2$};
\node[anchor=north] (x3) at ([xshift=4em,yshift=-1em]x2.north) {$...$};
\node[anchor=north] (x4) at ([xshift=5em,yshift=1em]x3.north) {$\lambda_{M-1}$};
\node[anchor=north] (x5) at ([xshift=5em,yshift=0em]x4.north) {$\lambda_M$};
\draw [-](n1) (0,4) -- (0,4.4);
\draw [-](n2) (1,4) -- (1,4.4);
\draw [-](n3) (2,4) -- (2,4.4);
\draw [-](n4) (3,4) -- (3,4.4);
\draw [-](n5) (4,4) -- (4,4.4);
\draw[decorate,decoration={brace}](0,4.7) --(4,4.7) node [xshift=-4em,yshift=1.5em,align=center](label1) {M dimensions};
\draw[decorate,decoration={brace}](4.5,4.3) --(4.5,0) node [xshift=2.3em,yshift=5.8em,align=center](label2) {Values};
}
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
\ No newline at end of file
Book/Chapter4/Figures/search-space-representation-of-feature-weight-2.tex 0 → 100644
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{scope}[scale=0.55]
{\tiny
\draw[step=1,help lines,color=black] grid (4,4);
\node[anchor=north] (y2) at ([xshift=-3.3em,yshift=0em]n1.north) {0.01};
\node[anchor=north] (y1) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-3.3em]y2.south) {0.00};
\node[anchor=north] (y3) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=4.5em]y2.north) {0.02};
\node[anchor=north] (y4) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=6.6em]y3.north) {$\vdots$};
\node[anchor=north] (y5) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=2em]y4.north) {1.00};
\node[anchor=north] (x1) at ([xshift=2em,yshift=-3em]n1.south) {$\lambda_1$};
\node[anchor=north] (x2) at ([xshift=4.5em,yshift=0em]x1.north) {$\lambda_2$};
\node[anchor=north] (x3) at ([xshift=4em,yshift=-1em]x2.north) {$...$};
\node[anchor=north] (x4) at ([xshift=5em,yshift=1em]x3.north) {$\lambda_{M-1}$};
\node[anchor=north] (x5) at ([xshift=5em,yshift=0em]x4.north) {$\lambda_M$};
\draw [-](n1) (0,4) -- (0,4.4);
\draw [-](n2) (1,4) -- (1,4.4);
\draw [-](n3) (2,4) -- (2,4.4);
\draw [-](n4) (3,4) -- (3,4.4);
\draw [-](n5) (4,4) -- (4,4.4);
\node [anchor=center,draw,circle,inner sep=1.5pt,blue!30,fill=blue!30] (r11) at (0,1) {};
\node [anchor=center,draw,circle,inner sep=1.5pt,blue!30,fill=blue!30] (r12) at (1,2) {};
\node [anchor=center,draw,circle,inner sep=1.5pt,blue!30,fill=blue!30] (r13) at (2,1) {};
\node [anchor=center,draw,circle,inner sep=1.5pt,blue!30,fill=blue!30] (r14) at (3,2) {};
\node [anchor=center,draw,circle,inner sep=1.5pt,blue!30,fill=blue!30] (r15) at (4,4) {};
\draw [-,very thick,blue!50] (0,1) -- (1,2) -- (2,1) -- (3,2) -- (4,4);
\node[anchor=north] (p1) at ([xshift=5em,yshift=13em]n5.north) {\scriptsize{$\leftarrow$ \textbf{path}:}};
\node[anchor=north] (e1) at ([xshift=0,yshift=-0.4em]p1.south) {$w_1 = 0.01$};
\node[anchor=north] (e2) at ([xshift=0,yshift=-0.8em]e1.south) {$w_2 = 0.02$};
\node[anchor=north] (e3) at ([xshift=0,yshift=0.4em]e2.south) {$\vdots$};
\node[anchor=north] (e4) at ([xshift=0,yshift=-0.2em]e3.south) {$w_M = 1.00$};
}
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
\ No newline at end of file
Book/Chapter4/Figures/search-space-representation-of-feature-weight-3.tex 0 → 100644
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{scope}[scale=0.55]
{\tiny
\draw[step=1,help lines,color=black] grid (4,4);
\node[anchor=north] (y2) at ([xshift=-3.3em,yshift=0em]n1.north) {0.01};
\node[anchor=north] (y1) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-3.3em]y2.south) {0.00};
\node[anchor=north] (y3) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=4.5em]y2.north) {0.02};
\node[anchor=north] (y4) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=6.6em]y3.north) {$\vdots$};
\node[anchor=north] (y5) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=2em]y4.north) {1.00};
\node[anchor=north] (x1) at ([xshift=2em,yshift=-3em]n1.south) {$\lambda_1$};
\node[anchor=north] (x2) at ([xshift=4.5em,yshift=0em]x1.north) {$\lambda_2$};
\node[anchor=north] (x3) at ([xshift=4em,yshift=-1em]x2.north) {$...$};
\node[anchor=north] (x4) at ([xshift=5em,yshift=1em]x3.north) {$\lambda_{M-1}$};
\node[anchor=north] (x5) at ([xshift=5em,yshift=0em]x4.north) {$\lambda_M$};
\draw [-](n1) (0,4) -- (0,4.4);
\draw [-](n2) (1,4) -- (1,4.4);
\draw [-](n3) (2,4) -- (2,4.4);
\draw [-](n4) (3,4) -- (3,4.4);
\draw [-](n5) (4,4) -- (4,4.4);
\node [anchor=center,draw,circle,inner sep=1.5pt,blue!30,fill=blue!30] (r11) at (0,1) {};
\node [anchor=center,draw,circle,inner sep=1.5pt,blue!30,fill=blue!30] (r12) at (1,2) {};
\node [anchor=center,draw,circle,inner sep=1.5pt,blue!30,fill=blue!30] (r13) at (2,1) {};
\node [anchor=center,draw,circle,inner sep=1.5pt,blue!30,fill=blue!30] (r14) at (3,2) {};
\node [anchor=center,draw,circle,inner sep=1.5pt,blue!30,fill=blue!30] (r15) at (4,4) {};
\node [anchor=center,draw,circle,inner sep=1.5pt,ugreen!30,fill=ugreen!30] (r21) at (0,2) {};
\node [anchor=center,draw,circle,inner sep=1.5pt,ugreen!30,fill=ugreen!30] (r22) at (1,3) {};
\node [anchor=center,draw,circle,inner sep=1.5pt,ugreen!30,fill=ugreen!30] (r23) at (2,4) {};
\node [anchor=center,draw,circle,inner sep=1.5pt,ugreen!30,fill=ugreen!30] (r24) at (3,0) {};
\node [anchor=center,draw,circle,inner sep=1.5pt,ugreen!30,fill=ugreen!30] (r25) at (4,2) {};
\node [anchor=center,draw,circle,inner sep=1.5pt,red!30,fill=red!30] (r31) at (0,4) {};
\node [anchor=center,draw,circle,inner sep=1.5pt,red!30,fill=red!30] (r32) at (1,3) {};
\node [anchor=center,draw,circle,inner sep=1.5pt,red!30,fill=red!30] (r33) at (2,2) {};
\node [anchor=center,draw,circle,inner sep=1.5pt,red!30,fill=red!30] (r34) at (3,3) {};
\node [anchor=center,draw,circle,inner sep=1.5pt,red!30,fill=red!30] (r35) at (4,1) {};
\draw [-,very thick,blue!50] (0,1) -- (1,2) -- (2,1) -- (3,2) -- (4,4);
\draw [-,very thick,ugreen!50] (0,2) -- (1,3) -- (2,4) -- (3,0) -- (4,2);
\draw [-,very thick,red!50] (0,4) -- (1,3) -- (2,2) -- (3,3) -- (4,1);
\draw[decorate,decoration={brace}](4.5,4.3) --(4.5,0) node [xshift=2.3em,yshift=7.5em,align=center](label1) {$M^V$};
\node[anchor=north] (label2) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-2.5em]label1.north) {pathes};
}
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
\ No newline at end of file
Book/Chapter4/Figures/structure-of-chart.tex 0 → 100644
%------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%%% 基于树的解码方法 - chart-based decoding
\begin{center}
\begin{tikzpicture}\scriptsize
\begin{scope}%[scale=0.2]
\node [anchor=north] (ch) at (0,0) {\small{\textbf{Chart}}};
\draw [->] ([xshift=-1em,yshift=-1em]ch.south) -- ([xshift=-1em,yshift=-9em]ch.south);
\draw [->] ([xshift=-1em,yshift=-1em]ch.south) -- ([xshift=10em,yshift=-1em]ch.south);
\node [anchor=north] (l11) at ([xshift=-1.7em,yshift=-2.5em]ch.south) {{起}};
\node [anchor=north] (l12) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=0.5em]l11.south) {{始}};
\node [anchor=north] (l13) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=0.5em]l12.south) {{位}};
\node [anchor=north] (l14) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=0.5em]l13.south) {{置}};
\node [anchor=north] (l2) at ([xshift=4.5em,yshift=0.4em]ch.south) {{跨度大小}};
\draw [-] ([xshift=1em,yshift=-2em]ch.south) -- ([xshift=1em,yshift=-8em]ch.south);
\draw [-] ([xshift=5em,yshift=-2em]ch.south) -- ([xshift=5em,yshift=-8em]ch.south);
\draw [-] ([xshift=9em,yshift=-2em]ch.south) -- ([xshift=9em,yshift=-8em]ch.south);
\draw [-] ([xshift=1em,yshift=-2em]ch.south) -- ([xshift=9em,yshift=-2em]ch.south);
\draw [-] ([xshift=1em,yshift=-5em]ch.south) -- ([xshift=9em,yshift=-5em]ch.south);
\draw [-] ([xshift=1em,yshift=-8em]ch.south) -- ([xshift=9em,yshift=-8em]ch.south);
\node [anchor=north,rectangle,draw=ublue, inner sep=0mm,minimum height=4em,minimum width=9em,rounded corners=2pt] (n1) at ([xshift=16em,yshift=2em]ch.south) {};
\node [anchor=north,rectangle,draw=ublue, inner sep=0mm,minimum height=4em,minimum width=9em,rounded corners=2pt] (n2) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-0.5em]n1.south) {};
\node [anchor=north,rectangle,draw=ublue, inner sep=0mm,minimum height=4em,minimum width=9em,rounded corners=2pt] (n3) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-0.5em]n2.south) {};
\node [anchor=north] (n11) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-0.5em]n1.north) {Cell[0,1]:};
\node [anchor=north] (n12) at ([xshift=1em,yshift=-1.4em]n11.north) {VV[0,1]};
\node [anchor=north] (n21) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-0.1em]n2.north) {Cell[1,2]:};
\node [anchor=north] (n22) at ([xshift=1em,yshift=-1.4em]n21.north) {NN[1,2]};
\node [anchor=north] (n23) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-1.1em]n22.north) {NP[1,2]};
\node [anchor=north] (n31) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-0.1em]n3.north) {Cell[0,2]:};
\node [anchor=north] (n32) at ([xshift=1em,yshift=-1.2em]n31.north) {VP[0,2]};
\node [anchor=north] (n33) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-1.3em]n32.north) {NP[0,2]};
\draw [->,ublue,thick] ([xshift=0em,yshift=0.5em]n1.west) .. controls +(west:7em) and +(north:4em) .. ([xshift=-13em,yshift=-1.6em]n1.south);
\draw [->,ublue,thick] ([xshift=0em,yshift=0.5em]n2.west) .. controls +(west:3em) and +(north:2em) .. ([xshift=-12.5em,yshift=1em]n2.south);
\draw [->,ublue,thick] ([xshift=0em,yshift=-0.5em]n3.west) .. controls +(west:5em) and +(south:0.5em) .. ([xshift=-9em,yshift=5em]n3.south);
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{center}
Book/Chapter4/Figures/syntax-tree-in-ctb.tex 0 → 100644
%%%------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%%% tree binarization
\begin{center}
\begin{tikzpicture}
{\scriptsize
\begin{scope}[scale = 0.9, sibling distance=20pt, level distance=30pt]
{\footnotesize
\Tree[.IP
[.NP ]
[.VP ]
[., ]
[.VP ]
[., ]
[.VP ]
[., ]
[.VP ]
[.{.{\color{white} V}} ]
]
}
\end{scope}
}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{center}
\ No newline at end of file
Book/Chapter4/Figures/syntax-tree-with-admissible-node.tex 0 → 100644
%%%------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%%% Admissible Node的定义
\begin{center}
\begin{tikzpicture}
{\footnotesize
\begin{scope}[sibling distance=25pt, level distance=20pt]
\Tree[.\node(n1){IP};
[.\node(n2){NP}; [.\node(n3){PN}; \node(cw1){他}; ]]
[.\node(n4){VP};
[.\node(n5){PP};
[.\node(n6){P}; \node(cw2){对}; ]
[.\node(n7){NP};
[.\node(n8){NN}; \node(cw3){回答}; ]
]
]
[.\node(n9){VP};
[.\node(n10){VV}; \node(cw4){表示}; ]
[.\node(n11){NN}; \node(cw5){满意}; ]
]
]
]
\node[anchor=north,minimum size=18pt,align=center] (tw1) at ([yshift=-6.0em]cw1.south){he\\\scriptsize{1}};
\node[anchor=west,minimum size=18pt,align=center] (tw2) at ([yshift=-0.1em,xshift=1.1em]tw1.east){was\\\scriptsize{2}};
\node[anchor=west,minimum size=18pt,align=center] (tw3) at ([yshift=0.1em,xshift=1.1em]tw2.east){satisfied\\\scriptsize{3}};
\node[anchor=west,minimum size=18pt,align=center] (tw4) at ([xshift=1.1em]tw3.east){with\\\scriptsize{4}};
\node[anchor=west,minimum size=18pt,align=center] (tw5) at ([xshift=1.1em]tw4.east){the\\\scriptsize{5}};
\node[anchor=west,minimum size=18pt,align=center] (tw6) at ([yshift=-0.1em,xshift=1.1em]tw5.east){answer\\\scriptsize{6}};
\draw[dashed] (cw1.south) -- ([yshift=-0.4em]tw1.north);
\draw[dashed] (cw2.south) .. controls +(south:1.6) and +(north:0.6) .. ([yshift=-0.4em]tw4.north);
\draw[dashed] (cw3.south) -- ([yshift=-0.4em]tw5.north);
\draw[dashed] (cw3.south) -- ([yshift=-0.4em]tw6.north);
\draw[dashed] (cw4.south) .. controls +(south:2.0) and +(north:0.6) .. ([yshift=-0.4em]tw3.north);
\draw[dashed] (cw5.south) .. controls +(south:2.0) and +(north:0.6) .. ([yshift=-0.4em]tw3.north);
\node [anchor=south west,align=left,fill=red!20,drop shadow] (label1) at ([xshift=0.5em]n11.north east) {\scriptsize{span=\{3\}}\\\scriptsize{c-span=\{1,3-6\}}};
\node [anchor=south west,align=left,fill=blue!20,drop shadow] (label2) at ([xshift=0.5em,yshift=-0.5em]n4.north east) {\scriptsize{span=\{3-6\}}\\\scriptsize{c-span=\{1\}}};
\begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
\node [rectangle,fill=red!20,inner sep=0] [fit = (n11)] (n11box) {};
\node [rectangle,fill=blue!20,inner sep=0] [fit = (n4)] (n4box) {};
{
\node [rectangle,fill=blue!20,inner sep=0] [fit = (n1)] (n1box) {};
\node [rectangle,fill=blue!20,inner sep=0] [fit = (n2)] (n2box) {};
\node [rectangle,fill=blue!20,inner sep=0] [fit = (n3)] (n3box) {};
\node [rectangle,fill=blue!20,inner sep=0] [fit = (n5)] (n5box) {};
\node [rectangle,fill=blue!20,inner sep=0] [fit = (n6)] (n6box) {};
\node [rectangle,fill=blue!20,inner sep=0] [fit = (n7)] (n7box) {};
\node [rectangle,fill=blue!20,inner sep=0] [fit = (n8)] (n8box) {};
\node [rectangle,fill=blue!20,inner sep=0] [fit = (n9)] (n9box) {};
\node [rectangle,fill=red!20,inner sep=0] [fit = (n10)] (n10box) {};
}
\end{pgfonlayer}
{
\node [anchor=north] (n11boxlabel) at (label1.south) {\tiny{{\red{不可信}}}};
\node [anchor=north] (n4boxlabel) at (label2.south) {\tiny{{\red{可信}}}};
}
{
\node [anchor=north west, minimum size=1.2em, fill=blue!20] (land1) at ([xshift=1.5em,yshift=-1em]cw5.south east) {};
\node [anchor=west] (land1label) at (land1.east) {\scriptsize{可信}};
\node [anchor=north west, minimum size=1.2em, fill=red!20] (land2) at ([yshift=-0.3em]land1.south west) {};
\node [anchor=west] (land2label) at (land2.east) {\scriptsize{不可信}};
}
\end{scope}
}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{center}
\ No newline at end of file
Book/Chapter4/Figures/three-types-of-reorder-method-in-msd.tex 0 → 100644
%%%------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%%% 调序模型2：MSD模型
\begin{center}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\tikzstyle{elementnode} = [rectangle,text=white,anchor=center]
\tikzstyle{srcnode} = [left,font=\small,anchor=south west]
\tikzstyle{tgtnode} = [left,font=\small,anchor=north east]
\tikzstyle{alignmentnode} = [rectangle,draw,minimum height=3.6*1.1cm,minimum width=0.36*1.1cm]
\tikzstyle{probnode} = [fill=blue!30,minimum width=0.4*1.1cm]
\tikzstyle{labelnode} = [above]
alignment matrix
\begin{scope}[scale=0.92,yshift=0.12in]
\foreach \i / \j / \c in
{0/5/0.15, 1/5/0.15, 2/5/0.15, 3/5/0.15, 4/5/0.15, 5/5/0.15, 6/5/0.15, 7/5/0.15,
0/4/0.15, 1/4/0.15, 2/4/0.15, 3/4/0.15, 4/4/0.15, 5/4/0.15, 6/4/0.15, 7/4/0.15,
0/3/0.15, 1/3/0.15, 2/3/0.15, 3/3/0.15, 4/3/0.15, 5/3/0.15, 6/3/0.15, 7/3/0.15,
0/2/0.15, 1/2/0.15, 2/2/0.15, 3/2/0.15, 4/2/0.15, 5/2/0.15, 6/2/0.15, 7/2/0.15,
0/1/0.15, 1/1/0.15, 2/1/0.15, 3/1/0.15, 4/1/0.15, 5/1/0.15, 6/1/0.15, 7/1/0.15,
0/0/0.15, 1/0/0.15, 2/0/0.15, 3/0/0.15, 4/0/0.15, 5/0/0.15, 6/0/0.15, 7/0/0.15}
\node[elementnode,minimum size=0.6*1.1cm*\c,inner sep=0.1pt,fill=blue] (a\i\j) at (0.5*1.1cm*\i-5.4*0.5*1.1cm,0.5*1.1cm*\j-0.05*1.1cm) {};
source
\node[srcnode] (src1) at (-5.9*0.5*1.1cm,-1.05*1.1cm+7.5*0.5*1.1cm) {\scriptsize{$t_1$}};
\node[srcnode] (src2) at ([xshift=0.5*1.1cm]src1.south west) {\scriptsize{$t_2$}};
\node[srcnode] (src3) at ([xshift=0.5*1.1cm]src2.south west) {\scriptsize{$t_3$}};
\node[srcnode] (src4) at ([xshift=0.5*1.1cm]src3.south west) {\scriptsize{$t_4$}};
\node[srcnode] (src5) at ([xshift=0.5*1.1cm]src4.south west) {\scriptsize{$t_5$}};
\node[srcnode] (src6) at ([xshift=0.5*1.1cm]src5.south west) {\scriptsize{$t_6$}};
\node[srcnode] (src7) at ([xshift=0.5*1.1cm]src6.south west) {\scriptsize{$t_7$}};
\node[srcnode] (src8) at ([xshift=0.5*1.1cm]src7.south west) {\scriptsize{$t_8$}};
target
\node[tgtnode] (tgt1) at (-6.0*0.5*1.1cm,-1.05*1.1cm+7.5*0.5*1.1cm) {\scriptsize{$s_1$}};
\node[tgtnode] (tgt2) at ([yshift=-0.5*1.1cm]tgt1.north east) {\scriptsize{$s_2$}};
\node[tgtnode] (tgt3) at ([yshift=-0.5*1.1cm]tgt2.north east) {\scriptsize{$s_3$}};
\node[tgtnode] (tgt4) at ([yshift=-0.5*1.1cm]tgt3.north east) {\scriptsize{$s_4$}};
\node[tgtnode] (tgt5) at ([yshift=-0.5*1.1cm]tgt4.north east) {\scriptsize{$s_5$}};
\node[tgtnode] (tgt6) at ([yshift=-0.5*1.1cm]tgt5.north east) {\scriptsize{$s_6$}};
word alignment
\node[align=center,elementnode,minimum size=0.3cm,inner sep=0.1pt,fill=blue!50] (l05) at (a05) {};
\node[align=center,elementnode,minimum size=0.3cm,inner sep=0.1pt,fill=blue!50] (l14) at (a14) {};
\node[align=center,elementnode,minimum size=0.3cm,inner sep=0.1pt,fill=blue!50] (l24) at (a24) {};
\node[align=center,elementnode,minimum size=0.3cm,inner sep=0.1pt,fill=blue!50] (l31) at (a31) {};
\node[align=center,elementnode,minimum size=0.3cm,inner sep=0.1pt,fill=blue!50] (l32) at (a32) {};
\node[align=center,elementnode,minimum size=0.3cm,inner sep=0.1pt,fill=blue!50] (l43) at (a43) {};
\node[align=center,elementnode,minimum size=0.3cm,inner sep=0.1pt,fill=blue!50] (l53) at (a53) {};
\node[align=center,elementnode,minimum size=0.3cm,inner sep=0.1pt,fill=blue!50] (l63) at (a63) {};
\node[align=center,elementnode,minimum size=0.3cm,inner sep=0.1pt,fill=blue!50] (l70) at (a70) {};
{
\node [anchor=west] (p1line1) at ([xshift=3.5em,yshift=0.5em]a75.east) {\footnotesize{M(monotone):单调调序}};
\node [anchor=north west] (p1line2) at ([xshift=0,yshift=-1em]p1line1.south west) {\footnotesize{S(swap): 与前面一个短语}};
\node [anchor=north west] (p1line3) at ([xshift=3.5em]p1line2.south west) {\footnotesize{位置进行交换}};
\node [anchor=north west] (p1line4) at ([xshift=-3.8em,yshift=-1em]p1line3.south west) {\footnotesize{D(discontinuous):非连续调序}};
\node [anchor=east] (p1line5) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=3em]p1line4.east) {};
\node [anchor=east] (p1line6) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=7em]p1line4.east) {};
%\node [anchor=west] (p2line1) at ([xshift=4em]a73.east) {\footnotesize{$\bar{s}_j$: 真\ \ \ 好 \ \ }};
%\node [anchor=north west] (p2line2) at ([xshift=0]p2line1.south west) {\footnotesize{$\bar{t}_j$: very\ \ \ good\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ }};
\begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
{
\node [rectangle,thick,inner sep=0.3em,fill=blue!40,drop shadow,fill opacity=0.85] [fit = (a05)] (phrase1) {};
\node [rectangle,thick,inner sep=0.3em,fill=blue!40,drop shadow,fill opacity=0.85] [fit = (a14) (a24)] (phrase2) {};
\node [rectangle,thick,inner sep=0.3em,fill=blue!40,drop shadow,fill opacity=0.85] [fit = (a31) (a32)] (phrase3) {};
\node [rectangle,thick,inner sep=0.3em,fill=blue!40,drop shadow,fill opacity=0.85] [fit = (a43) (a63)] (phrase4) {};
\node [rectangle,thick,inner sep=0.3em,fill=blue!40,drop shadow,fill opacity=0.85] [fit = (a70)] (phrase5) {};
\node [rectangle,inner sep=0.2em,fill=red!10] [fit = (p1line1) (p1line6)] (box1) {};
\node [rectangle,inner sep=0.2em,fill=ugreen!10] [fit = (p1line2) (p1line3) (p1line5)] (box2) {};
\node [rectangle,inner sep=0.2em,fill=orange!10] [fit = (p1line4)] (box3) {};
}
\end{pgfonlayer}
\node [circle,draw,anchor=south,inner sep=1pt,fill=red!20] (c1) at ([xshift=-0.5em]a05.north) {\scriptsize{m}};
\node [circle,draw,anchor=south,inner sep=1pt,fill=red!20] (c2) at ([xshift=-0.5em]a14.north) {\scriptsize{m}};
\node [circle,draw,anchor=north,inner sep=1pt,fill=orange!20] (c3) at ([xshift=0.1em]a24.south) {\scriptsize{d}};
\node [circle,draw,anchor=south,inner sep=2pt,fill=ugreen!20] (c4) at ([xshift=0.5em]a32.north) {\scriptsize{s}};
\node [circle,draw,anchor=north,inner sep=1pt,fill=orange!20] (c5) at ([xshift=0.5em]a63.south) {\scriptsize{d}};
\draw [->,thick] (a05.south east) -- (c1.315);
\draw [->,thick] ([xshift=-0.5em]a24.west) -- (c2.315);
\draw [->,thick] ([yshift=-0.7em]a32.south) .. controls +(west:1.3) and +(east:1.3) .. (c3.340);
\draw [->,thick] (a53.center) -- (c4.15);
\draw [->,thick] (a70.center) .. controls +(west:1.3) and +(east:1.3) .. (c5.340);
}
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{center}
\ No newline at end of file
Book/Chapter4/Figures/translation-hypothesis-extension.tex 0 → 100644
%%%------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%%% 什么是解码
\begin{center}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{scope}
{
\node [anchor=north,inner sep=2pt,fill=red!20,minimum height=1.7em,minimum width=3.2em] (h0) at (0,0) {\scriptsize{null}};
\node [anchor=north west,inner sep=1.5pt,fill=black] (hl0) at (h0.north west) {\tiny{{\color{white} \textbf{0}}}};
\node [anchor=north,rotate=90,inner sep=1pt,minimum width=1.7em,fill=black] (pt0) at (h0.east) {\tiny{{\color{white} \textbf{P=1}}}};
}
{
\node [anchor=west,inner sep=2pt,fill=red!20,minimum height=1.7em,minimum width=3.2em] (h1) at ([xshift=2.5em]h0.east) {\scriptsize{on}};
\node [anchor=west,inner sep=2pt,fill=red!20,minimum height=1.7em,minimum width=3.2em] (h2) at ([xshift=2.5em,yshift=2.5em]h0.east) {\scriptsize{table}};
\node [anchor=west,inner sep=2pt,fill=red!20,minimum height=1.7em,minimum width=3.2em] (h3) at ([xshift=2.5em,yshift=-2.5em]h0.east) {\scriptsize{there is}};
\node [anchor=north west,inner sep=1.5pt,fill=black] (hl1) at (h1.north west) {\tiny{{\color{white} \textbf{2}}}};
\node [anchor=north west,inner sep=1.5pt,fill=black] (hl2) at (h2.north west) {\tiny{{\color{white} \textbf{1}}}};
\node [anchor=north west,inner sep=1.5pt,fill=black] (hl3) at (h3.north west) {\tiny{{\color{white} \textbf{3}}}};
\node [anchor=north,rotate=90,inner sep=1pt,minimum width=1.7em,fill=black] (pt1) at (h1.east) {\tiny{{\color{white} \textbf{P=.2}}}};
\node [anchor=north,rotate=90,inner sep=1pt,minimum width=1.7em,fill=black] (pt2) at (h2.east) {\tiny{{\color{white} \textbf{P=.3}}}};
\node [anchor=north,rotate=90,inner sep=1pt,minimum width=1.7em,fill=black] (pt3) at (h3.east) {\tiny{{\color{white} \textbf{P=.5}}}};
\draw [->,very thick,ublue] ([xshift=0.1em]pt0.south) -- ([xshift=-0.1em]h1.west);
\draw [->,very thick,ublue] ([xshift=0.1em]pt0.south) -- ([xshift=-0.1em]h2.west);
\draw [->,very thick,ublue] ([xshift=0.1em]pt0.south) -- ([xshift=-0.1em]h3.west);
}
{
\node [anchor=west,inner sep=2pt,fill=red!20,minimum height=1.7em,minimum width=3.2em] (h4) at ([xshift=2.5em,yshift=-1.8em]h3.east) {\scriptsize{one}};
\node [anchor=west,inner sep=2pt,fill=red!20,minimum height=1.7em,minimum width=3.2em] (h5) at ([xshift=2.5em,yshift=0.7em]h3.east) {\scriptsize{an apple}};
\node [anchor=west,inner sep=2pt,fill=red!20,minimum height=1.7em,minimum width=3.2em] (h6) at ([xshift=2.5em,yshift=0.7em]h1.east) {\scriptsize{table}};
\node [anchor=west,inner sep=2pt,fill=red!20,minimum height=1.7em,minimum width=3.5em] (h7) at ([xshift=2.5em,yshift=0.7em]h5.east) {\scriptsize{on the table}};
\node [anchor=west,inner sep=2pt,fill=red!20,minimum height=1.7em,minimum width=3.73em] (h8) at ([xshift=2.5em,yshift=-2em]h5.east) {\scriptsize{\ \;apple}};
\node [anchor=north west,inner sep=1.5pt,fill=black] (hl4) at (h4.north west) {\tiny{{\color{white} \textbf{4}}}};
\node [anchor=north west,inner sep=1.5pt,fill=black] (hl5) at (h5.north west) {\tiny{{\color{white} \textbf{4-5}}}};
\node [anchor=north west,inner sep=1.5pt,fill=black] (hl6) at (h6.north west) {\tiny{{\color{white} \textbf{1}}}};
\node [anchor=north west,inner sep=1.5pt,fill=black] (hl7) at (h7.north west) {\tiny{{\color{white} \textbf{1-2}}}};
\node [anchor=north west,inner sep=1.5pt,fill=black] (hl8) at (h8.north west) {\tiny{{\color{white} \textbf{5}}}};
\node [anchor=north,rotate=90,inner sep=1pt,minimum width=1.7em,fill=black] (pt4) at (h4.east) {\tiny{{\color{white} \textbf{P=.1}}}};
\node [anchor=north,rotate=90,inner sep=1pt,minimum width=1.7em,fill=black] (pt5) at (h5.east) {\tiny{{\color{white} \textbf{P=.4}}}};
\node [anchor=north,rotate=90,inner sep=1pt,minimum width=1.7em,fill=black] (pt6) at (h6.east) {\tiny{{\color{white} \textbf{P=.3}}}};
\node [anchor=north,rotate=90,inner sep=1pt,minimum width=1.7em,fill=black] (pt7) at (h7.east) {\tiny{{\color{white} \textbf{P=.4}}}};
\node [anchor=north,rotate=90,inner sep=1pt,minimum width=1.7em,fill=black] (pt8) at (h8.east) {\tiny{{\color{white} \textbf{P=.2}}}};
\draw [->,very thick,ublue] ([xshift=0.1em]pt1.south) -- ([xshift=1em,yshift=0.7em]pt1.south);
\draw [->,very thick,ublue] ([xshift=0.1em]pt2.south) -- ([xshift=1em,yshift=-0.7em]pt2.south);
\draw [->,very thick,ublue] ([xshift=0.1em]pt2.south) -- ([xshift=1em,yshift=0.7em]pt2.south);
\draw [->,very thick,ublue] ([xshift=0.1em]pt6.south) -- ([xshift=1em,yshift=-0.7em]pt6.south);
\draw [->,very thick,ublue] ([xshift=0.1em]pt6.south) -- ([xshift=1em,yshift=0.7em]pt6.south);
\draw [->,very thick,ublue] ([xshift=0.1em]pt3.south) -- ([xshift=-0.1em]h4.west);
\draw [->,very thick,ublue] ([xshift=0.1em]pt3.south) -- ([xshift=-0.1em]h5.west);
\draw [->,very thick,ublue] ([xshift=0.1em]pt3.south) -- ([xshift=-0.1em]h6.west);
\draw [->,very thick,ublue] ([xshift=0.1em]pt5.south) -- ([xshift=-0.1em]h7.west);
\draw [->,very thick,ublue] ([xshift=0.1em]pt5.south) -- ([xshift=1em,yshift=-0.7em]pt5.south);
\draw [->,very thick,ublue] ([xshift=0.1em]pt4.south) -- ([xshift=-0.1em]h8.west);
\draw [->,very thick,ublue] ([xshift=0.1em]pt4.south) -- ([xshift=1em,yshift=-0.7em]pt4.south);
}
{
\draw [->,ultra thick,red,line width=2pt,opacity=0.7] ([xshift=-0.2em]h0.west) -- ([xshift=0.7em]h0.east) -- ([xshift=-0.2em]h3.west) -- ([xshift=0.8em]h3.east) -- ([xshift=-0.2em]h5.west) -- ([xshift=0.8em]h5.east) -- ([xshift=-0.2em]h7.west) -- ([xshift=0.8em]h7.east);
\node [anchor=north west] (wtranslabel) at ([yshift=-3em]h0.south west) {\scriptsize{翻译路径:}};
\draw [->,ultra thick,red,line width=1.5pt,opacity=0.7] (wtranslabel.east) -- ([xshift=1.5em]wtranslabel.east);
}
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{center}
\ No newline at end of file
Book/Chapter4/Figures/translation-option.tex 0 → 100644
%%%------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%%% 什么是解码
\begin{center}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{scope}[minimum height = 16pt]
\node[anchor=east] (s0) at (-0.8em, 0) {$\textbf{s}$:};
\node[anchor=west] (s1) at (0, 0) {桌子};
\node[anchor=west] (s2) at ([xshift=2em]s1.east) {上};
\node[anchor=west] (s3) at ([xshift=2.3em]s2.east) {有};
\node[anchor=west] (s4) at ([xshift=2em]s3.east) {一个};
\node[anchor=west] (s5) at ([xshift=1.6em]s4.east) {苹果};
\node [anchor=north,inner sep=2pt,fill=red!20,minimum height=1.5em,minimum width=3em] (t11) at ([yshift=-0.5em]s1.south) {table};
\node [anchor=north,inner sep=2pt,fill=red!20,minimum height=1.5em,minimum width=3em] (t12) at ([yshift=-0.2em]t11.south) {desk};
\node [anchor=north,inner sep=2pt,fill=green!20,minimum height=1.5em,minimum width=3em] (t21) at ([yshift=-0.5em]s2.south) {on};
\node [anchor=north,inner sep=2pt,fill=green!20,minimum height=1.5em,minimum width=3em] (t22) at ([yshift=-0.2em]t21.south) {up};
\node [anchor=north,inner sep=2pt,fill=blue!20,minimum height=1.5em,minimum width=3.4em] (t31) at ([yshift=-0.5em]s3.south) {have};
\node [anchor=north,inner sep=2pt,fill=blue!20,minimum height=1.5em,minimum width=3.4em] (t32) at ([yshift=-0.2em]t31.south) {there is};
\node [anchor=north,inner sep=2pt,fill=orange!20,minimum height=1.5em,minimum width=3em] (t41) at ([yshift=-0.5em]s4.south) {one};
\node [anchor=north,inner sep=2pt,fill=orange!20,minimum height=1.5em,minimum width=3em] (t42) at ([yshift=-0.2em]t41.south) {an};
\node [anchor=north,inner sep=2pt,fill=purple!20,minimum height=1.5em,minimum width=3em] (t51) at ([yshift=-0.5em]s5.south) {apple};
\node [anchor=north,inner sep=2pt,fill=purple!20,minimum height=1.5em,minimum width=3em] (t52) at ([yshift=-0.2em]t51.south) {apples};
\node [anchor=north west,inner sep=2pt,fill=red!20,minimum height=1.5em,minimum width=7.2em] (t13) at ([yshift=-3.7em]t12.south west) {on table};
\node [anchor=north west,inner sep=2pt,fill=red!20,minimum height=1.5em,minimum width=7.2em] (t14) at ([yshift=-0.2em]t13.south west) {on the table};
\node [anchor=north west,inner sep=2pt,fill=orange!20,minimum height=1.5em,minimum width=7.35em] (t43) at ([yshift=-0.2em]t42.south west) {one apple};
\node [anchor=north west,inner sep=2pt,fill=orange!20,minimum height=1.5em,minimum width=7.35em] (t44) at ([yshift=-0.2em]t43.south west) {an apple};
\node [anchor=north west,inner sep=2pt,fill=green!20,minimum height=1.5em,minimum width=7.25em] (t23) at ([yshift=-0.2em]t22.south west) {upon there};
\node [anchor=north west,inner sep=2pt,fill=red!20,minimum height=1.5em,minimum width=11.5em] (t15) at ([yshift=-1.95em]t12.south west) {upon the table};
\node [anchor=north west,inner sep=2pt,fill=blue!20,minimum height=1.5em,minimum width=11.8em] (t33) at ([yshift=-3.7em]t32.south west) {there is an apple};
\node [anchor=north west,inner sep=2pt,fill=blue!20,minimum height=1.5em,minimum width=11.8em] (t34) at ([yshift=-0.2em]t33.south west) {have an apple...};
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{center}
\ No newline at end of file
Book/Chapter4/Figures/translation-rule-based-on-admissible-node.tex 0 → 100644
%%%------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%%% 规则抽取
\begin{center}
\begin{tikzpicture}
{\footnotesize
\begin{scope}[sibling distance=25pt, level distance=20pt]
\Tree[.\node(n1){IP};
[.\node(n2){NP}; [.\node(n3){PN}; \node(cw1){他}; ]]
[.\node(n4){VP};
[.\node(n5){PP};
[.\node(n6){P}; \node(cw2){对}; ]
[.\node(n7){NP};
[.\node(n8){NN}; \node(cw3){回答}; ]
]
]
[.\node(n9){VP};
[.\node(n10){VV}; \node(cw4){表示}; ]
[.\node(n11){NN}; \node(cw5){满意}; ]
]
]
]
\node[anchor=north,minimum size=18pt,align=center] (tw1) at ([yshift=-6.0em]cw1.south){he\\\scriptsize{1}};
\node[anchor=west,minimum size=18pt,align=center] (tw2) at ([yshift=-0.1em,xshift=1.1em]tw1.east){was\\\scriptsize{2}};
\node[anchor=west,minimum size=18pt,align=center] (tw3) at ([yshift=0.1em,xshift=1.1em]tw2.east){satisfied\\\scriptsize{3}};
\node[anchor=west,minimum size=18pt,align=center] (tw4) at ([xshift=1.1em]tw3.east){with\\\scriptsize{4}};
\node[anchor=west,minimum size=18pt,align=center] (tw5) at ([xshift=1.1em]tw4.east){the\\\scriptsize{5}};
\node[anchor=west,minimum size=18pt,align=center] (tw6) at ([yshift=-0.1em,xshift=1.1em]tw5.east){answer\\\scriptsize{6}};
\draw[dashed] (cw1.south) -- ([yshift=-0.4em]tw1.north);
\draw[dashed] (cw2.south) .. controls +(south:1.6) and +(north:0.6) .. ([yshift=-0.4em]tw4.north);
\draw[dashed] (cw3.south) -- ([yshift=-0.4em]tw5.north);
\draw[dashed] (cw3.south) -- ([yshift=-0.4em]tw6.north);
\draw[dashed] (cw4.south) .. controls +(south:2.0) and +(north:0.6) .. ([yshift=-0.4em]tw3.north);
\draw[dashed] (cw5.south) .. controls +(south:2.0) and +(north:0.6) .. ([yshift=-0.4em]tw3.north);
\begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
{
\node [fill=blue!30] [fit = (cw2) (cw3) (n7) (n8)] (rule1box1) {};
\node [fill=blue!30] [fit = (n4) (n9)] (rule1box2) {};
\node [fill=blue!30] [fit = (tw3) (tw4) (tw5) (tw6)] (rule1box3) {};
\path [fill=blue!30] ([xshift=0.05em]rule1box2.north west) -- ([xshift=-0.3em,yshift=0.3em]n5.north west) -- ([yshift=-0.05em]rule1box1.north west) -- ([xshift=0.05em,yshift=-0.05em]rule1box2.south west) -- ([xshift=0.05em]rule1box2.north west);
}
\node [rectangle,fill=orange!20,inner sep=0] [fit = (n11)] (n11box) {};
\node [rectangle,fill=green!20,inner sep=0] [fit = (n4)] (n4box) {};
\node [rectangle,fill=green!20,inner sep=0] [fit = (n1)] (n1box) {};
\node [rectangle,fill=green!20,inner sep=0] [fit = (n2)] (n2box) {};
\node [rectangle,fill=green!20,inner sep=0] [fit = (n3)] (n3box) {};
\node [rectangle,fill=green!20,inner sep=0] [fit = (n5)] (n5box) {};
\node [rectangle,fill=green!20,inner sep=0] [fit = (n6)] (n6box) {};
\node [rectangle,fill=green!20,inner sep=0] [fit = (n7)] (n7box) {};
\node [rectangle,fill=green!20,inner sep=0] [fit = (n8)] (n8box) {};
\node [rectangle,fill=green!20,inner sep=0] [fit = (n9)] (n9box) {};
\node [rectangle,fill=orange!20,inner sep=0] [fit = (n10)] (n10box) {};
\end{pgfonlayer}
\node [anchor=north west, minimum size=1.2em, fill=green!20] (land1) at ([xshift=1.5em,yshift=-1em]cw5.south east) {};
\node [anchor=west] (land1label) at (land1.east) {\scriptsize{可信}};
\node [anchor=north west, minimum size=1.2em, fill=orange!20] (land2) at ([yshift=-0.3em]land1.south west) {};
\node [anchor=west] (land2label) at (land2.east) {\scriptsize{不可信}};
{
\node [draw,thick,red,fill=red!20] [fit = (n9)] (var1) {{\color{black} VP}};
\node [draw,thick,red,fill=red!20] [fit = (tw3)] (var1v2) {{\color{black} \large{VP}}};
\node [anchor=west] (var1label) at ([yshift=0.5em]var1.east) {\tiny{\red{变量}}};
\node [anchor=south] (var1v2label) at ([xshift=-2em]var1v2.north) {\tiny{\red{变量}}};
}
\end{scope}
}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{center}
\ No newline at end of file
Book/Chapter4/Figures/translation-rule-describe-two-sentence-generation.tex 0 → 100644
%------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%%% 使用翻译规则
\begin{center}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{scope}
{
% rule 1 (source)
\node [anchor=west] (rule1s1) at (0,0) {与};
\node [anchor=west,inner sep=2pt,fill=black] (rule1s2) at ([xshift=0.5em]rule1s1.east) {\scriptsize{{\color{white} $\textrm{X}_1$}}};
\node [anchor=west] (rule1s3) at ([xshift=0.5em]rule1s2.east) {有};
\node [anchor=west,inner sep=2pt,fill=black] (rule1s4) at ([xshift=0.5em]rule1s3.east) {\scriptsize{{\color{white} $\textrm{X}_2$}}};
% rule 1 (target)
\node [anchor=west] (rule1t1) at ([xshift=0.8in]rule1s4.east) {have};
\node [anchor=west,inner sep=2pt,fill=black] (rule1t2) at ([xshift=0.5em]rule1t1.east) {\scriptsize{{\color{white} $\textrm{X}_2$}}};
\node [anchor=west] (rule1t3) at ([xshift=0.5em]rule1t2.east) {with};
\node [anchor=west,inner sep=2pt,fill=black] (rule1t4) at ([xshift=0.5em]rule1t3.east) {\scriptsize{{\color{white} $\textrm{X}_1$}}};
}
{
% phrase 1 (source and target)
\node [anchor=north] (phrase1s1) at ([yshift=-1em]rule1s2.south) {\footnotesize{北韩}};
\node [anchor=north] (phrase1t1) at ([yshift=-1em]rule1t4.south) {\footnotesize{North Korea}};
}
{
% phrase 2 (source and target)
\node [anchor=north] (phrase2s1) at ([yshift=-3em]rule1s4.south) {\footnotesize{邦交}};
\node [anchor=north] (phrase2t1) at ([yshift=-3em]rule1t2.south) {\footnotesize{diplomatic relations}};
}
\begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
{
\node [rectangle,draw=red,inner sep=1pt,thick,fill=white,drop shadow] [fit = (rule1s1) (rule1s4)] (rule1s) {};
\node [rectangle,draw=red,inner sep=2pt,thick,fill=white,drop shadow] [fit = (rule1t1) (rule1t4)] (rule1t) {};
\draw [<->,dotted,thick,red] ([xshift=0.1em]rule1s.east) -- ([xshift=-0.1em]rule1t.west);
}
\end{pgfonlayer}
{
% edges (phrases 1-2 to rule1)
\draw [->] (phrase1s1.north) -- ([yshift=-0.1em]rule1s2.south);
\draw [->] (phrase1t1.north) -- ([yshift=-0.1em]rule1t4.south);
\draw [->] (phrase2s1.north) -- ([yshift=-0.1em]rule1s4.south);
\draw [->] (phrase2t1.north) -- ([yshift=-0.1em]rule1t2.south);
}
{
% rule 2 (source)
\node [anchor=west,inner sep=2pt,fill=black] (rule2s1) at ([yshift=3.5em,xshift=-0.5em]rule1s1.north west) {\scriptsize{{\color{white} $\textrm{X}_1$}}};
\node [anchor=west] (rule2s2) at ([xshift=0.5em]rule2s1.east) {的};
\node [anchor=west,inner sep=2pt,fill=black] (rule2s3) at ([xshift=0.5em]rule2s2.east) {\scriptsize{{\color{white} $\textrm{X}_2$}}};
% rule 2 (target)
\node [anchor=west,inner sep=2pt,fill=black] (rule2t1) at ([xshift=1.8in]rule2s3.east) {\scriptsize{{\color{white} $\textrm{X}_2$}}};
\node [anchor=west] (rule2t2) at ([xshift=0.5em]rule2t1.east) {that};
\node [anchor=west,inner sep=2pt,fill=black] (rule2t3) at ([xshift=0.5em]rule2t2.east) {\scriptsize{{\color{white} $\textrm{X}_1$}}};
% phrase 3 (source and target)
\node [anchor=north] (phrase3s1) at ([yshift=-0.8em]rule2s3.south) {\footnotesize{少数 国家}};
\node [anchor=north] (phrase3t1) at ([yshift=-0.8em]rule2t1.south) {\footnotesize{the few countries}};
% edges (phrase 3 to rule 2 and rule1 to rule2)
\draw [->] (phrase3s1.north) -- ([yshift=-0.1em]rule2s3.south);
\draw [->] (phrase3t1.north) -- ([yshift=-0.1em]rule2t1.south);
\draw [->] ([xshift=2em]rule1s.north west) ..controls +(north:1.5em) and +(south:1.5em).. ([yshift=-0.1em]rule2s1.south);
\draw [->] ([xshift=-2em]rule1t.north east) ..controls +(north:1.5em) and +(south:1.5em).. ([yshift=-0.1em]rule2t3.south);
}
\begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
{
\node [rectangle,draw=blue,inner sep=4pt,thick,fill=white,drop shadow] [fit = (rule2s1) (rule2s3)] (rule2s) {};
\node [rectangle,draw=blue,inner sep=4pt,thick,fill=white,drop shadow] [fit = (rule2t1) (rule2t3)] (rule2t) {};
\draw [<->,dotted,thick,blue] ([xshift=0.1em]rule2s.east) -- ([xshift=-0.1em]rule2t.west);
}
\end{pgfonlayer}
{
% rule 3 (source)
\node [anchor=west,inner sep=2pt,fill=black] (rule3s1) at ([yshift=2.5em,xshift=4em]rule2s1.north west) {\scriptsize{{\color{white} $\textrm{X}_1$}}};
\node [anchor=west] (rule3s2) at ([xshift=0.5em]rule3s1.east) {之一};
% rule 3 (target)
\node [anchor=west] (rule3t1) at ([xshift=1.0in]rule3s2.east) {one of};
\node [anchor=west,inner sep=2pt,fill=black] (rule3t2) at ([xshift=0.5em]rule3t1.east) {\scriptsize{{\color{white} $\textrm{X}_1$}}};
% edges: rule 2 to rule 3
\draw [->] ([xshift=-1em]rule2s.north) ..controls +(north:1.2em) and +(south:1.2em).. ([yshift=-0.1em]rule3s1.south);
\draw [->] ([xshift=1em]rule2t.north) ..controls +(north:1.2em) and +(south:1.2em).. ([yshift=-0.1em]rule3t2.south);
}
\begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
{
\node [rectangle,draw=ugreen,inner sep=1pt,thick,fill=white,drop shadow] [fit = (rule3s1) (rule3s2)] (rule3s) {};
\node [rectangle,draw=ugreen,inner sep=2pt,thick,fill=white,drop shadow] [fit = (rule3t1) (rule3t2)] (rule3t) {};
\draw [<->,dotted,thick,ugreen] ([xshift=0.1em]rule3s.east) -- ([xshift=-0.1em]rule3t.west);
}
\end{pgfonlayer}
{
% rule 4 (source)
\node [anchor=west,inner sep=2pt,fill=black] (rule4s1) at ([yshift=3.5em,xshift=-3.5em]rule3s1.north west) {\scriptsize{{\color{white} $\textrm{X}_1$}}};
\node [anchor=west] (rule4s2) at ([xshift=0.5em]rule4s1.east) {是};
\node [anchor=west,inner sep=2pt,fill=black] (rule4s3) at ([xshift=0.5em]rule4s2.east) {\scriptsize{{\color{white} $\textrm{X}_2$}}};
% rule 2 (target)
\node [anchor=west,inner sep=2pt,fill=black] (rule4t1) at ([xshift=2.0in]rule4s2.east) {\scriptsize{{\color{white} $\textrm{X}_1$}}};
\node [anchor=west] (rule4t2) at ([xshift=0.5em]rule4t1.east) {is};
\node [anchor=west,inner sep=2pt,fill=black] (rule4t3) at ([xshift=0.5em]rule4t2.east) {\scriptsize{{\color{white} $\textrm{X}_2$}}};
% phrase 4 (source and target)
\node [anchor=north] (phrase4s1) at ([yshift=-0.8em]rule4s1.south) {\footnotesize{澳洲}};
\node [anchor=north] (phrase4t1) at ([yshift=-0.8em]rule4t1.south) {\footnotesize{Australia}};
% edges (phrase 4 to rule 4 and rule3 to rule4)
\draw [->] (phrase4s1.north) -- ([yshift=-0.1em]rule4s1.south);
\draw [->] (phrase4t1.north) -- ([yshift=-0.1em]rule4t1.south);
\draw [->] ([xshift=1em]rule3s.north) ..controls +(north:1.5em) and +(south:1.5em).. ([yshift=-0.1em]rule4s3.south);
\draw [->] ([xshift=-1em]rule3t.north east) ..controls +(north:1.5em) and +(south:1.5em).. ([yshift=-0.1em]rule4t3.south);
}
\begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
{
\node [rectangle,draw=orange,inner sep=4pt,thick,fill=white,drop shadow] [fit = (rule4s1) (rule4s3)] (rule4s) {};
\node [rectangle,draw=orange,inner sep=4pt,thick,fill=white,drop shadow] [fit = (rule4t1) (rule4t3)] (rule4t) {};
\draw [<->,dotted,thick,orange] ([xshift=0.1em]rule4s.east) -- ([xshift=-0.1em]rule4t.west);
}
\end{pgfonlayer}
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{center}
\ No newline at end of file
Book/Chapter4/Figures/tree-binarization.tex 0 → 100644
%%%------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%%% tree binarization
\begin{center}
\begin{tikzpicture}
{
{\scriptsize
\begin{scope}[sibling distance=4pt, level distance=25pt]
{\footnotesize
\Tree[.\node(n1){NP};
[.NNP \node(sw1){美国}; ]
[.NN \node(sw2){总统}; ]
[.NN \node(sw3){唐纳德}; ]
[.NN \node(sw4){特朗普}; ]
]
}
\node [anchor=north] (tw1) at ([yshift=-2em]sw1.south) {U.S.};
\node [anchor=north] (tw2) at ([yshift=-2em]sw2.south) {President};
\node [anchor=north] (tw3) at ([yshift=-2em]sw3.south) {Trump};
\draw [-,dashed] (sw1.south) -- (tw1.north);
\draw [-,dashed] (sw2.south) -- (tw2.north);
\draw [-,dashed] (sw3.south) -- (tw3.north);
\draw [-,dashed] (sw4.south) -- (tw3.north);
\node [anchor=west] (rulelabel1) at ([xshift=1in,yshift=0.3em]n1.east) {\footnotesize{抽取到的规则：}};
\node [anchor=north west] (rule1) at (rulelabel1.south west) {NP(NNP$_1$ NN$_2$ NN(唐纳德) NN(特朗普))};
\node [anchor=north west] (rule1t) at ([yshift=0.2em]rule1.south west) {$\to$ NNP$_1$ NN$_2$ Trump};
\node [anchor=north west] (rule2) at (rule1t.south west) {NP(NNP$_1$ NN(总统) NN(唐纳德) NN(特朗普))};
\node [anchor=north west] (rule2t) at ([yshift=0.2em]rule2.south west) {$\to$ NNP$_1$ President Trump};
\node [anchor=north west] (rulelabel2) at ([yshift=-0.3em]rule2t.south west) {\footnotesize{{\red{不能}}抽取到的规则：}};
\node [anchor=north west] (rule3) at (rulelabel2.south west) {NP(NN(唐纳德) NN(特朗普)) $\to$ Trump};
\end{scope}
}
}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{center}
\ No newline at end of file
Book/Chapter4/Figures/tree-cutting-defined-by-edge-nodes.tex 0 → 100644
%%%------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%%% 规则抽取
\begin{center}
\begin{tikzpicture}
{\scriptsize
\begin{scope}[scale = 0.9, sibling distance=20pt, level distance=30pt]
{\footnotesize
\Tree[.\node(n1){IP};
[.\node(n2){NP}; [.\node(n3){PN}; \node(cw1){他}; ]]
[.\node(n4){VP};
[.\node(n5){PP};
[.\node(n6){P}; \node(cw2){对}; ]
[.\node(n7){NP};
[.\node(n8){NN}; \node(cw3){回答}; ]
]
]
[.\node(n9){VP};
[.\node(n10){VV}; \node(cw4){表示}; ]
[.\node(n11){NN}; \node(cw5){满意}; ]
]
]
]
}
\begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
{
\node [rectangle,fill=blue!20,inner sep=0] [fit = (n11)] (n11box) {};
\node [rectangle,fill=red!20,inner sep=0] [fit = (n4)] (n4box) {};
\node [rectangle,fill=red!20,inner sep=0] [fit = (n1)] (n1box) {};
\node [rectangle,fill=red!20,inner sep=0] [fit = (n2)] (n2box) {};
\node [rectangle,fill=red!20,inner sep=0] [fit = (n3)] (n3box) {};
\node [rectangle,fill=red!20,inner sep=0] [fit = (n5)] (n5box) {};
\node [rectangle,fill=red!20,inner sep=0] [fit = (n6)] (n6box) {};
\node [rectangle,fill=red!20,inner sep=0] [fit = (n7)] (n7box) {};
\node [rectangle,fill=red!20,inner sep=0] [fit = (n8)] (n8box) {};
\node [rectangle,fill=red!20,inner sep=0] [fit = (n9)] (n9box) {};
\node [rectangle,fill=blue!20,inner sep=0] [fit = (n10)] (n10box) {};
\node [anchor=north west, minimum size=1.2em, fill=red!20] (land1) at ([xshift=7.0em,yshift=0em]n1.north east) {};
\node [anchor=west] (land1label) at (land1.east) {\scriptsize{可信}};
\node [anchor=north west, minimum size=1.2em, fill=blue!20] (land2) at ([yshift=-0.3em]land1.south west) {};
\node [anchor=west] (land2label) at (land2.east) {\scriptsize{不可信}};
}
\end{pgfonlayer}
\node[anchor=north,minimum size=18pt] (tw1) at ([yshift=-10.0em]cw1.south){he};
\node[anchor=west,minimum size=18pt] (tw2) at ([yshift=-0.1em,xshift=0.3em]tw1.east){was};
\node[anchor=west,minimum size=18pt] (tw3) at ([yshift=0.1em,xshift=0.3em]tw2.east){satisfied};
\node[anchor=west,minimum size=18pt] (tw4) at ([xshift=0.3em]tw3.east){with};
\node[anchor=west,minimum size=18pt] (tw5) at ([xshift=0.3em]tw4.east){the};
\node[anchor=west,minimum size=18pt] (tw6) at ([yshift=-0.1em,xshift=0.3em]tw5.east){answer};
\draw[dashed] (cw1.south) -- ([yshift=-0.4em]tw1.north);
\draw[dashed] (cw2.south) .. controls +(south:2.0) and +(north:0.6) .. ([yshift=-0.4em]tw4.north);
\draw[dashed] (cw3.south) -- ([yshift=-0.4em]tw5.north);
\draw[dashed] (cw3.south) -- ([yshift=-0.4em]tw6.north);
\draw[dashed] (cw4.south) .. controls +(south:2.5) and +(north:0.6) .. ([yshift=-0.4em]tw3.north);
\draw[dashed] (cw5.south) .. controls +(south:2.5) and +(north:0.6) .. ([yshift=-0.4em]tw3.north);
\end{scope}
\begin{scope} [yshift = -1.87in, xshift = 1.9in]
{
\begin{scope}[level distance=20pt]
\node[scale=0.8, inner sep=0.1cm,align=center,draw] (cfrag1) at
(0,0.25) {\Tree[.\node(sn1){NP}; [.\node(sn2){PN}; 他 ]]};
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}[level distance=20pt]
\node[scale=0.8, inner sep=0.1cm,align=center,anchor=south west,draw] (cfrag2) at
([xshift=1.2em]cfrag1.south east) {\Tree[.\node(sn3){P}; 对 ]};
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}[level distance=20pt]
\node[scale=0.8, inner sep=0.1cm,align=center,anchor=south west,draw] (cfrag3) at
([xshift=1.2em]cfrag2.south east) {\Tree[.\node(sn4){NP}; [.NN 回答 ]]};
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}[sibling distance=15pt,level distance=20pt]
\node[scale=0.8, inner sep=0.1cm,align=center,anchor=south west,draw] (cfrag4) at
([xshift=1.4em]cfrag3.south east) {\Tree[.\node(sn5){VP}; [.\node(sn6){VV}; 表示 ] [.\node(sn7){NN}; 满意 ]]};
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}[sibling distance=20pt,,level distance=25pt]
\node[scale=0.8, inner sep=0.1cm,align=center,anchor=south west,draw] (cfrag5) at
([xshift=0.3em,yshift=2.5em]cfrag2.north west) {\Tree[.\node(sn8){PP}; [.\node(sn9){P}; ] [.\node(sn10){NP}; ]]};
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}[sibling distance=60pt]
\node[scale=0.8, inner sep=0.1cm,align=center,anchor=south west,draw] (cfrag6) at
([xshift=1.6em,yshift=0.8em]cfrag5.north west) {\Tree[.\node(sn11){VP}; [.\node(sn12){PP}; ] [.\node(sn13){VP}; ]]};
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}[sibling distance=80pt,level distance=18pt]
\node[scale=0.8, inner sep=0.1cm,align=center,anchor=south east,draw] (cfrag7) at
([xshift=-3.6em,yshift=0.8em]cfrag6.north east) {\Tree[.\node(sn14){IP}; [.\node(sn15){NP}; ] [.\node(sn16){VP}; ]]};
\end{scope}
\node[scale=0.9,anchor=north,minimum size=18pt] (tw11) at ([xshift=-0.3em,yshift=-1.2em]cfrag1.south){he};
\node[scale=0.9,anchor=west,minimum size=18pt] (tw12) at ([yshift=-0.1em,xshift=0.5em]tw11.east){was};
\node[scale=0.9,anchor=west,minimum size=18pt] (tw13) at ([yshift=0.1em,xshift=0.5em]tw12.east){satisfied};
\node[scale=0.9,anchor=west,minimum size=18pt] (tw14) at ([xshift=0.5em]tw13.east){with};
\node[scale=0.9,anchor=west,minimum size=18pt] (tw15) at ([xshift=0.5em]tw14.east){the};
\node[scale=0.9,anchor=west,minimum size=18pt] (tw16) at ([yshift=-0.1em,xshift=0.5em]tw15.east){answer};
\draw[dashed] ([xshift=-0.3em]cfrag1.south) -- ([yshift=-0.3em]tw11.north);
\draw[dashed] (cfrag2.south) -- ([yshift=-0.4em]tw14.north);
\draw[dashed] (cfrag3.south) -- ([yshift=-0.4em]tw15.north);
\draw[dashed] (cfrag3.south) -- ([yshift=-0.4em]tw16.north);
\draw[dashed] (cfrag4.south) .. controls +(south:0.6) and +(north:0.6) .. ([yshift=-0.4em]tw13.north);
\draw[*-*] ([xshift=0.0em,yshift=-0.2em]cfrag1.north) -- ([xshift=0.0em,yshift=11.3em]cfrag1.north);
\draw[*-*] ([xshift=0.1em,yshift=-0.2em]cfrag2.north) -- ([xshift=0.1em,yshift=2.9em]cfrag2.north);
\draw[*-*] ([xshift=0.1em,yshift=-0.4em]cfrag3.north) -- ([xshift=0.1em,yshift=0.9em]cfrag3.north);
\draw[*-*] ([xshift=0.0em,yshift=-0.2em]cfrag4.north) -- ([xshift=0.0em,yshift=5.7em]cfrag4.north);
\draw[*-*] ([xshift=0.1em,yshift=-0.2em]cfrag5.north) -- ([xshift=0.1em,yshift=1em]cfrag5.north);
\draw[*-*] ([xshift=0.0em,yshift=-0.2em]cfrag6.north) -- ([xshift=0.0em,yshift=1em]cfrag6.north);
}
\end{scope}
}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{center}
\ No newline at end of file
Book/Chapter4/Figures/tree-fragment-to-string-mapping.tex 0 → 100644
%%%------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%%% 树到串规则
\begin{center}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{scope}[scale=0.9]
\Tree[.\node(sn1){VP};
[.\node(sn2){VV}; \node(scw1){提高}; ]
[.\node(sn3){NN}; ]
]
\path [draw, ->, thick] ([xshift=1em]sn3.east) -- ([xshift=2.5em]sn3.east);
\node [anchor=west] (tw1) at ([xshift=3.5em]sn3.east) {increases};
\node [anchor=west] (tw2) at ([xshift=0.3em]tw1.east) {NN};
\draw[dotted,thick] ([yshift=-0.1em]sn3.south)..controls +(south:1.2) and +(south: 1.2)..([yshift=-0.1em]tw2.south);
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{center}
Book/Chapter4/Figures/tree-segment-corresponding-to-phrase.tex 0 → 100644
%%%------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%%% SPMT规则
\begin{tikzpicture}
{\scriptsize
\begin{scope}
{
\begin{scope}[level distance=20pt]
\node[scale=0.8, inner sep=0.1cm,align=center,draw] (cfrag1) at
(0,0.25) {\Tree[.\node(sn1){NP}; [.\node(sn2){PN}; 他 ]]};
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}[level distance=20pt]
\node[scale=0.8, inner sep=0.1cm,align=center,anchor=south west,draw] (cfrag2) at
([xshift=1.2em]cfrag1.south east) {\Tree[.\node(sn3){P}; 对 ]};
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}[level distance=20pt]
\node[scale=0.8, inner sep=0.1cm,align=center,anchor=south west,draw] (cfrag3) at
([xshift=1.2em]cfrag2.south east) {\Tree[.\node(sn4){NP}; [.NN 形式 ]]};
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}[sibling distance=15pt,level distance=20pt]
\node[scale=0.8, inner sep=0.1cm,align=center,anchor=south west,draw] (cfrag4) at
([xshift=1.4em]cfrag3.south east) {\Tree[.\node(sn5){VP}; [.\node(sn6){VV}; 表示 ] [.\node(sn7){NN}; 担心 ]]};
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}[sibling distance=32pt,level distance=20pt]
\node[scale=0.8, inner sep=0.1cm,align=center,anchor=south west,draw] (cfrag6) at
([xshift=0.3em,yshift=4em]cfrag2.north west) {\Tree[.\node(sn11){VP}; [.\node(sn9){P}; ] [.\node(sn10){NP}; ] [.\node(sn13){VP}; ]]};
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}[sibling distance=65pt,level distance=18pt]
\node[scale=0.8, inner sep=0.1cm,align=center,anchor=south east,draw] (cfrag7) at
([xshift=-4.5em,yshift=0.5em]cfrag6.north east) {\Tree[.\node(sn14){IP}; [.\node(sn15){NP}; ] [.\node(sn16){VP}; ]]};
\end{scope}
\node[scale=0.9,anchor=north,minimum size=18pt] (tw11) at ([xshift=-0.3em,yshift=-1.2em]cfrag1.south){he};
\node[scale=0.9,anchor=west,minimum size=18pt] (tw12) at ([yshift=-0.1em,xshift=0.5em]tw11.east){was};
\node[scale=0.9,anchor=west,minimum size=18pt] (tw13) at ([yshift=0.1em,xshift=0.5em]tw12.east){worried};
\node[scale=0.9,anchor=west,minimum size=18pt] (tw14) at ([xshift=0.5em]tw13.east){about};
\node[scale=0.9,anchor=west,minimum size=18pt] (tw15) at ([xshift=0.5em]tw14.east){the};
\node[scale=0.9,anchor=west,minimum size=18pt] (tw16) at ([yshift=-0.1em,xshift=0.5em]tw15.east){situation};
\draw[dashed] ([xshift=-0.3em]cfrag1.south) -- ([yshift=-0.3em]tw11.north);
\draw[dashed] (cfrag2.south) -- ([yshift=-0.4em]tw14.north);
\draw[dashed] (cfrag3.south) -- ([yshift=-0.4em]tw15.north);
\draw[dashed] (cfrag3.south) -- ([yshift=-0.4em]tw16.north);
\draw[dashed] (cfrag4.south) .. controls +(south:0.6) and +(north:0.6) .. ([yshift=-0.4em]tw13.north);
{
\draw[dashed,red] (cfrag2.south) -- ([yshift=-0.4em]tw14.north);
\draw[dashed,red] (cfrag3.south) -- ([yshift=-0.4em]tw15.north);
\draw[dashed,red] (cfrag3.south) -- ([yshift=-0.4em]tw16.north);
}
\draw[*-*] ([xshift=0.0em,yshift=-0.2em]cfrag1.north) -- ([xshift=0.0em,yshift=6.5em]cfrag1.north);
\draw[*-*] ([xshift=-0.1em,yshift=-0.2em]cfrag2.north) -- ([xshift=-0.1em,yshift=4.4em]cfrag2.north);
\draw[*-*] ([xshift=0.1em,yshift=-0.4em]cfrag3.north) .. controls +(north:2.4em) and +(south:2.4em) .. ([xshift=1.1em,yshift=2.5em]cfrag3.north);
\draw[*-*] ([xshift=0.0em,yshift=-0.2em]cfrag4.north) -- ([xshift=0.0em,yshift=2.5em]cfrag4.north);
\draw[*-*] ([xshift=0.0em,yshift=-0.2em]cfrag6.north) -- ([xshift=0.0em,yshift=0.9em]cfrag6.north);
{
\node [fill=blue,circle,inner sep=2pt] (rlabel2) at (cfrag2.north east) {{\color{white} \tiny{2}}};
\node [fill=blue,circle,inner sep=2pt] (rlabel3) at (cfrag3.north east) {{\color{white} \tiny{3}}};
\node [fill=blue,circle,inner sep=2pt] (rlabel6) at (cfrag6.north east) {{\color{white} \tiny{5}}};
}
\begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
{
\node [fill=green!20,inner sep=0pt] (cfrag2back) [fit = (cfrag2)] {};
\node [fill=green!20,inner sep=0pt] (cfrag3back) [fit = (cfrag3)] {};
\node [fill=green!20,inner sep=0pt] (cfrag6back) [fit = (cfrag6)] {};
}
{
\node [anchor=south west,draw=red,thick,fill=red!20,inner sep=0pt,minimum height = 2em, minimum width=6em] (ps) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]cfrag2.south west) {};
\node [anchor=south west,draw=red,thick,fill=red!20,inner sep=0pt] (pt) [fit = (tw14) (tw15) (tw16)] {};
}
\end{pgfonlayer}
}
\end{scope}
}
\end{tikzpicture}
\ No newline at end of file
Book/Chapter4/Figures/tree-to-string-rule-empty-alignment-1.tex 0 → 100644
%%%------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%%% 处理空对其单词
\begin{minipage}[b]{0.35\textwidth}
{\footnotesize
\renewcommand*{\arraystretch}{1.3}
\begin{tabular}{l l}
{$r_1$} & {NP(PN(他)) $\to$ he} \\
{$r_4$} & {VP(VV(表示) NN(满意) $\to$} \\
& {satisfied} \\
{$r_6$} & {VP(PP$_1$ VP$_2$) $\to$ VP$_2$ PP$_1$} \\
{$r_7$} & {IP(NP$_1$ VP$_2$) $\to$ NP$_1$ VP$_2$} \\
{$r_8$} & {NP(PN(他)) $\to$ he {\red{was}}} \\
{$r_9$} & {VP(VV(表示) NN(满意)) $\to$} \\
& {{\red{was}} satisfied} \\
{$r_{10}$} & {VP(PP$_1$ VP$_2$) $\to$} \\
& {{\red{was}} VP$_2$ PP$_1$} \\
{$r_{11}$} & {IP(NP$_1$ VP$_2$) $\to$} \\
& {NP$_1$ {\red{was}} VP$_2$} \\
\end{tabular}
\renewcommand*{\arraystretch}{1.0}
}
\end{minipage}
Book/Chapter4/Figures/tree-to-string-rule-empty-alignment-2.tex 0 → 100644
%%%------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%%% 处理空对其单词
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.47\textwidth}
\begin{tikzpicture}
{\scriptsize
\begin{scope}
{
\begin{scope}[level distance=20pt]
\node[scale=0.8, inner sep=0.1cm,align=center,draw] (cfrag1) at
(0,0.25) {\Tree[.\node(sn1){NP}; [.\node(sn2){PN}; 他 ]]};
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}[level distance=20pt]
\node[scale=0.8, inner sep=0.1cm,align=center,anchor=south west,draw] (cfrag2) at
([xshift=1.2em]cfrag1.south east) {\Tree[.\node(sn3){P}; 对 ]};
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}[level distance=20pt]
\node[scale=0.8, inner sep=0.1cm,align=center,anchor=south west,draw] (cfrag3) at
([xshift=1.2em]cfrag2.south east) {\Tree[.\node(sn4){NP}; [.NN 回答 ]]};
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}[sibling distance=15pt,level distance=20pt]
\node[scale=0.8, inner sep=0.1cm,align=center,anchor=south west,draw] (cfrag4) at
([xshift=1.4em]cfrag3.south east) {\Tree[.\node(sn5){VP}; [.\node(sn6){VV}; 表示 ] [.\node(sn7){NN}; 满意 ]]};
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}[sibling distance=20pt,,level distance=25pt]
\node[scale=0.8, inner sep=0.1cm,align=center,anchor=south west,draw] (cfrag5) at
([xshift=0.3em,yshift=2.5em]cfrag2.north west) {\Tree[.\node(sn8){PP}; [.\node(sn9){P}; ] [.\node(sn10){NP}; ]]};
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}[sibling distance=60pt]
\node[scale=0.8, inner sep=0.1cm,align=center,anchor=south west,draw] (cfrag6) at
([xshift=1.6em,yshift=0.8em]cfrag5.north west) {\Tree[.\node(sn11){VP}; [.\node(sn12){PP}; ] [.\node(sn13){VP}; ]]};
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}[sibling distance=80pt,level distance=18pt]
\node[scale=0.8, inner sep=0.1cm,align=center,anchor=south east,draw] (cfrag7) at
([xshift=-3.6em,yshift=0.8em]cfrag6.north east) {\Tree[.\node(sn14){IP}; [.\node(sn15){NP}; ] [.\node(sn16){VP}; ]]};
\end{scope}
\node[scale=0.9,anchor=north,minimum size=18pt] (tw11) at ([xshift=-0.3em,yshift=-1.2em]cfrag1.south){he};
\node[scale=0.9,anchor=west,minimum size=18pt] (tw12) at ([yshift=-0.1em,xshift=0.5em]tw11.east){was};
\node[scale=0.9,anchor=west,minimum size=18pt] (tw13) at ([yshift=0.1em,xshift=0.5em]tw12.east){satisfied};
\node[scale=0.9,anchor=west,minimum size=18pt] (tw14) at ([xshift=0.5em]tw13.east){with};
\node[scale=0.9,anchor=west,minimum size=18pt] (tw15) at ([xshift=0.5em]tw14.east){the};
\node[scale=0.9,anchor=west,minimum size=18pt] (tw16) at ([yshift=-0.1em,xshift=0.5em]tw15.east){answer};
\draw[dashed] ([xshift=-0.3em]cfrag1.south) -- ([yshift=-0.3em]tw11.north);
\draw[dashed] (cfrag2.south) -- ([yshift=-0.4em]tw14.north);
\draw[dashed] (cfrag3.south) -- ([yshift=-0.4em]tw15.north);
\draw[dashed] (cfrag3.south) -- ([yshift=-0.4em]tw16.north);
\draw[dashed] (cfrag4.south) .. controls +(south:0.6) and +(north:0.6) .. ([yshift=-0.4em]tw13.north);
\draw[*-*] ([xshift=0.0em,yshift=-0.2em]cfrag1.north) -- ([xshift=0.0em,yshift=11.3em]cfrag1.north);
\draw[*-*] ([xshift=0.1em,yshift=-0.2em]cfrag2.north) -- ([xshift=0.1em,yshift=2.9em]cfrag2.north);
\draw[*-*] ([xshift=0.1em,yshift=-0.4em]cfrag3.north) -- ([xshift=0.1em,yshift=0.9em]cfrag3.north);
\draw[*-*] ([xshift=0.0em,yshift=-0.2em]cfrag4.north) -- ([xshift=0.0em,yshift=5.7em]cfrag4.north);
\draw[*-*] ([xshift=0.1em,yshift=-0.2em]cfrag5.north) -- ([xshift=0.1em,yshift=1em]cfrag5.north);
\draw[*-*] ([xshift=0.0em,yshift=-0.2em]cfrag6.north) -- ([xshift=0.0em,yshift=1em]cfrag6.north);
{
\node [fill=blue,circle,inner sep=2pt] (rlabel1) at (cfrag1.south east) {{\color{white} \tiny{1}}};
}
%\node [fill=blue,circle,inner sep=2pt] (rlabel2) at (cfrag2.south east) {{\color{white} \tiny{2}}};
%\node [fill=blue,circle,inner sep=2pt] (rlabel3) at (cfrag3.south east) {{\color{white} \tiny{3}}};
{
\node [fill=blue,circle,inner sep=2pt] (rlabel4) at (cfrag4.south east) {{\color{white} \tiny{4}}};
}
%\node [fill=blue,circle,inner sep=2pt] (rlabel5) at (cfrag5.north west) {{\color{white} \tiny{5}}};
{
\node [fill=blue,circle,inner sep=2pt] (rlabel6) at (cfrag6.north east) {{\color{white} \tiny{6}}};
}
{
\node [fill=blue,circle,inner sep=2pt] (rlabel7) at (cfrag7.south west) {{\color{white} \tiny{7}}};
}
{
\node [fill=white,draw=red,thick] (tw12label) at (tw12) {\red{was}};
}
{
\draw [->,red] ([xshift=0.2em]tw12label.north west) .. controls +(north:0.4) and +(south:0.4) .. ([xshift=0em]cfrag1.south);
}
{
\draw [->,red] ([xshift=0.8em]tw12label.north west) -- ([xshift=0.8em,yshift=18.4em]tw12label.north west);
}
{
\draw [->,red] ([xshift=0.2em]tw12label.north) .. controls +(north:7em) and +(south:11em) .. ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]cfrag6.south);
}
{
\draw [->,red] ([xshift=0.6em]tw12label.north) -- ([xshift=-2em]cfrag4.south);
}
\begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
{
\node [fill=green!20,inner sep=0pt] (cfrag1back) [fit = (cfrag1)] {};
}
{
\node [fill=green!20,inner sep=0pt] (cfrag1back) [fit = (cfrag4)] {};
}
{
\node [fill=green!20,inner sep=0pt] (cfrag1back) [fit = (cfrag6)] {};
}
{
\node [fill=green!20,inner sep=0pt] (cfrag1back) [fit = (cfrag7)] {};
}
\end{pgfonlayer}
}
\end{scope}
}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{minipage}
\ No newline at end of file
Book/Chapter4/Figures/tree-to-tree-rule-extraction-base-node-alignment.tex 0 → 100644
%%%------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%%% 方法2：直接进行节点对齐然后归纳句法映射
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{scope}
{
\begin{scope}[scale=0.65, level distance=27pt]
\Tree[.\node[draw](en1){S};
[.\node[draw](en2){NP};
[.DT the ]
[.NNS imports ]
]
[.\node[draw](en3){VP};
[.\node[draw](en4){VBZ}; have ]
[.ADVP
[.\node[draw](en5){RB}; drastically ]
[.\node[draw](en6){VBN}; fallen ]
]
]
]
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}[scale=0.65, level distance=27pt, grow'=up, xshift=-13pt, yshift=-3.5in, sibling distance=22pt]
\Tree[.\node[draw](cn1){\ \ IP\ \ };
[.\node[draw](cn2){NN}; 进口 ]
[.\node[draw](cn3){VP};
[.\node[draw](cn4){AD}; 大幅度 ]
[.VP
[.\node[draw](cn5){VV}; 下降 ]
[.\node[draw](cn6){AS}; 了 ]
]
]
]
\end{scope}
}
{
\draw[latex-latex, dotted, thick, red] (cn4.east) .. controls +(east:0.5) and +(west:0.5) .. (en5.west);
\draw[latex-latex, dotted, thick, red] (cn5.east) .. controls +(east:0.5) and +(south:0.5) .. (en6.south west);
\draw[latex-latex, dotted, thick, red] (cn6.north west) .. controls +(north:1.5) and +(south:2.5) .. (en4.south west);
\draw[latex-latex, dotted, thick, red] (cn3.north west) -- (en3.south west);
\draw[latex-latex, dotted, thick, red] (cn2.west) .. controls +(west:0.6) and +(west:0.6) .. (en2.west);
\draw[latex-latex, dotted, thick, red] (cn1.north west) .. controls +(north:4) and +(south:5.5) .. (en1.south west);
}
\end{scope}
\node[anchor=north](t1) at (4.7,0.3){{\scriptsize{抽取得到的规则(子树对齐)}}};
\node[anchor=north](t2) at ([xshift=3.7em,yshift=0.5em]t1.south){\underline{\qquad \qquad \qquad \quad \qquad \qquad \qquad \qquad \qquad}};
\node[anchor=north](t3) at ([xshift=-7.7em,yshift=0.0em]t2.south){\color{gray!70}\scriptsize{$r_1$}};
\node[anchor=west](t3-1) at ([xshift=0.0em,yshift=0.0em]t3.east){\color{gray!70}\scriptsize{AS(了) $\rightarrow$ DT(the)}};
\node[anchor=north](t4) at ([xshift=0.0em,yshift=0.0em]t3.south){\color{gray!70}\scriptsize{$r_2$}};
\node[anchor=west](t4-1) at ([xshift=0.0em,yshift=0.0em]t4.east){\color{gray!70}\scriptsize{NN(进口) $\rightarrow$ NNS(imports)}};
\node[anchor=north](t5) at ([xshift=0.0em,yshift=0.0em]t4.south){\scriptsize{$r_3$}};
\node[anchor=west](t5-1) at ([xshift=0.0em,yshift=0.0em]t5.east){\scriptsize{AD(大幅度) $\rightarrow$ RB(drastically)}};
\node[anchor=north](t6) at ([xshift=0.0em,yshift=0.0em]t5.south){\scriptsize{$r_4$}};
\node[anchor=west](t6-1) at ([xshift=0.0em,yshift=0.0em]t6.east){\scriptsize{VV(下降) $\rightarrow$ VBN(fallen)}};
\node[anchor=north](t7) at ([xshift=0.0em,yshift=0.0em]t6.south){\color{gray!70}\scriptsize{$r_5$}};
\node[anchor=west](t7-1) at ([xshift=0.0em,yshift=0.0em]t7.east){\color{gray!70}\scriptsize{IP(NN$_1$ VP(AD$_2$ VP(VV$_3$ AS$_4$)) $\rightarrow$}};
\node[anchor=north](t8) at ([xshift=7.4em,yshift=0.0em]t7.south){\color{gray!70}\tiny{S(NP(DT$_4$ NNS$_1$) VP(VBZ(have) ADVP(RB$_2$ VBN$_3$))}};
\node[anchor=north](s3) at ([xshift=0.0em,yshift=-1.3em]t7.south){\red{\scriptsize{$r_{6}$}}};
\node[anchor=west](s3-1) at ([xshift=0.0em,yshift=0.0em]s3.east){\red{\scriptsize{AS(了) $\rightarrow$ VBZ(have)}}};
\node[anchor=north](s4) at ([xshift=0.0em,yshift=0.0em]s3.south){\red{\scriptsize{$r_{7}$}}};
\node[anchor=west](s4-1) at ([xshift=0.0em,yshift=0.0em]s4.east){\red{\scriptsize{NN(进口) $\rightarrow$}}};
\node[anchor=north](s5) at ([xshift=0.0em,yshift=0.0em]s4.south){\scriptsize{\color{white}{$r_{?}$}}};
\node[anchor=west](s5-1) at ([xshift=0.0em,yshift=0.0em]s5.east){\red{\scriptsize{NP(DT(the) NNS(imports))}}};
\node[anchor=north](s6) at ([xshift=0.0em,yshift=0.0em]s5.south){\red{\scriptsize{$r_{8}$}}};
\node[anchor=west](s6-1) at ([xshift=0.0em,yshift=0.0em]s6.east){\red{\scriptsize{VP(AD$_1$ VP(VV$_2$ AS$_3$)) $\rightarrow$}}};
\node[anchor=north](s7) at ([xshift=0.0em,yshift=0.0em]s6.south){\red{\scriptsize{\color{white}{$r_{?}$}}}};
\node[anchor=west](s7-1) at ([xshift=0.0em,yshift=0.0em]s7.east){\red{\scriptsize{VP(VBZ$_3$ ADVP(RB$_1$ VBN$_2$)}}};
\node[anchor=north](s8) at ([xshift=0.0em,yshift=0.0em]s7.south){\red{\scriptsize{$r_{9}$}}};
\node[anchor=west](s8-1) at ([xshift=0.0em,yshift=0.0em]s8.east){\red{\scriptsize{IP(NN$_1$ VP$_2$) $\rightarrow$ S(NP$_1$ VP$_2$)}}};
\end{tikzpicture}
Book/Chapter4/Figures/tree-to-tree-rule-extraction-base-word-alignment.tex 0 → 100644
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{scope}
\begin{scope}[scale=0.65, level distance=27pt]
\Tree[.S
[.NP
[.DT \node(ew1){the}; ]
[.NNS \node(ew2){imports}; ]
]
[.VP
[.VBZ \node(ew3){have}; ]
[.ADVP
[.RB \node(ew4){drastically}; ]
[.VBN \node(ew5){fallen}; ]
]
]
]
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}[scale=0.65, level distance=27pt, grow'=up, xshift=-13pt, yshift=-3.5in, sibling distance=22pt]
\Tree[.IP
[.NN \node(cw1){进口}; ]
[.VP
[.AD \node(cw2){大幅度}; ]
[.VP
[.VV \node(cw3){下降}; ]
[.AS \node(cw4){了}; ]
]
]
]
\end{scope}
{
\draw[-, dashed] (cw1) -- (ew2);
\draw[-, dashed] (cw2) -- (ew4);
\draw[-, dashed] (cw3) -- (ew5);
\draw[-, dashed] (cw4) .. controls +(north:1.0) and +(south:1.6) .. (ew1);
}
{
\draw[-, red, dashed,thick] (cw4) .. controls +(north:1.0) and +(south:1.6) .. (ew1);
}
\end{scope}
\node[anchor=north](t1) at (4.5,0.3){{\scriptsize{抽取得到的规则}}};
\node[anchor=north](t2) at ([xshift=5.5em,yshift=0.5em]t1.south){\underline{\qquad \qquad \qquad \quad \qquad \qquad \qquad \qquad \qquad}};
\node[anchor=north](t3) at ([xshift=-7.7em,yshift=0.0em]t2.south){\scriptsize{$r_1$}};
\node[anchor=west](t3-1) at ([xshift=0.0em,yshift=0.0em]t3.east){\scriptsize{AS(了) $\rightarrow$ DT(the)}};
\node[anchor=north](t4) at ([xshift=0.0em,yshift=0.0em]t3.south){\scriptsize{$r_2$}};
\node[anchor=west](t4-1) at ([xshift=0.0em,yshift=0.0em]t4.east){\scriptsize{NN(进口) $\rightarrow$ NNS(imports)}};
\node[anchor=north](t5) at ([xshift=0.0em,yshift=0.0em]t4.south){\scriptsize{$r_3$}};
\node[anchor=west](t5-1) at ([xshift=0.0em,yshift=0.0em]t5.east){\scriptsize{AD(大幅度) $\rightarrow$ RB(drastically)}};
\node[anchor=north](t6) at ([xshift=0.0em,yshift=0.0em]t5.south){\scriptsize{$r_4$}};
\node[anchor=west](t6-1) at ([xshift=0.0em,yshift=0.0em]t6.east){\scriptsize{VV(下降) $\rightarrow$ VBN(fallen)}};
\node[anchor=north](t7) at ([xshift=0.0em,yshift=0.0em]t6.south){\scriptsize{$r_6$}};
\node[anchor=west](t7-1) at ([xshift=0.0em,yshift=0.0em]t7.east){\scriptsize{IP(NN$_1$ VP(AD$_2$ VP(VV$_3$ AS$_4$)) $\rightarrow$}};
\node[anchor=north](t8) at ([xshift=7.4em,yshift=0.0em]t7.south){\tiny{S(NP(DT$_4$ NNS$_1$) VP(VBZ(have) ADVP(RB$_2$ VBN$_3$))}};
\node[anchor=north](s1) at ([yshift=-8.0em]t1.south){{\scriptsize{无法得到的规则}}};
\node[anchor=north](s2) at ([xshift=5.5em,yshift=0.5em]s1.south){\underline{\qquad \qquad \qquad \quad \qquad \qquad \qquad \qquad \qquad}};
\node[anchor=north](s3) at ([xshift=-7.7em,yshift=0.0em]s2.south){\scriptsize{$r_{?}$}};
\node[anchor=west](s3-1) at ([xshift=0.0em,yshift=0.0em]s3.east){\scriptsize{AS(了) $\rightarrow$ VBZ(have)}};
\node[anchor=north](s4) at ([xshift=0.0em,yshift=0.0em]s3.south){\scriptsize{$r_{?}$}};
\node[anchor=west](s4-1) at ([xshift=0.0em,yshift=0.0em]s4.east){\scriptsize{NN(进口) $\rightarrow$}};
\node[anchor=north](s5) at ([xshift=0.0em,yshift=0.0em]s4.south){\scriptsize{\color{white}{$r_{?}$}}};
\node[anchor=west](s5-1) at ([xshift=0.0em,yshift=0.0em]s5.east){\scriptsize{NP(DT(the) NNS(imports))}};
\node[anchor=north](s6) at ([xshift=0.0em,yshift=0.0em]s5.south){\scriptsize{$r_{?}$}};
\node[anchor=west](s6-1) at ([xshift=0.0em,yshift=0.0em]s6.east){\scriptsize{IP(NN$_1$ VP$_2$) $\rightarrow$ S(NP$_1$ VP$_2$)}};
\end{tikzpicture}
Book/Chapter4/Figures/unlimited-phrase-extraction.tex 0 → 100644
%%%------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%%% 短语获取
\begin{center}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\tikzstyle{elementnode} = [rectangle,text=white,anchor=center]
\tikzstyle{srcnode} = [rotate=45,font=\small,anchor=south west]
\tikzstyle{tgtnode} = [left,font=\small,anchor=north east]
\tikzstyle{alignmentnode} = [rectangle,draw,minimum height=3.6*1.0cm,minimum width=0.36*1.0cm]
\tikzstyle{probnode} = [fill=blue!30,minimum width=0.4*1.0cm]
\tikzstyle{labelnode} = [above]
% alignment matrix
\begin{scope}[scale=0.85,yshift=0.12in]
\foreach \i / \j / \c in
{0/7/0.15, 1/7/0.15, 2/7/0.15, 3/7/0.15, 4/7/0.15, 5/7/0.15,
0/6/0.15, 1/6/0.15, 2/6/0.15, 3/6/0.15, 4/6/0.15, 5/6/0.15,
0/5/0.15, 1/5/0.15, 2/5/0.15, 3/5/0.15, 4/5/0.15, 5/5/0.15,
0/4/0.15, 1/4/0.15, 2/4/0.15, 3/4/0.15, 4/4/0.15, 5/4/0.15,
0/3/0.15, 1/3/0.15, 2/3/0.15, 3/3/0.15, 4/3/0.15, 5/3/0.15,
0/2/0.15, 1/2/0.15, 2/2/0.15, 3/2/0.15, 4/2/0.15, 5/2/0.15,
0/1/0.15, 1/1/0.15, 2/1/0.15, 3/1/0.15, 4/1/0.15, 5/1/0.15,
0/0/0.15, 1/0/0.15, 2/0/0.15, 3/0/0.15, 4/0/0.15, 5/0/0.15}
\node[elementnode,minimum size=0.6*1.0cm*\c,inner sep=0.1pt,fill=blue] (a\i\j) at (0.5*1.0cm*\i-5.4*0.5*1.0cm,0.5*1.0cm*\j-1.05*1.0cm) {};
% source
\node[srcnode] (src1) at (-5.4*0.5*1.0cm,-1.05*1.0cm+7.5*0.5*1.0cm) {\scriptsize{Have}};
\node[srcnode] (src2) at ([xshift=0.5*1.0cm]src1.south west) {\scriptsize{you}};
\node[srcnode] (src3) at ([xshift=0.5*1.0cm]src2.south west) {\scriptsize{learned}};
\node[srcnode] (src4) at ([xshift=0.5*1.0cm]src3.south west) {\scriptsize{nothing}};
\node[srcnode] (src5) at ([xshift=0.5*1.0cm]src4.south west) {\scriptsize{?}};
\node[srcnode] (src6) at ([xshift=0.5*1.0cm]src5.south west) {\scriptsize{EOS}};
% target
\node[tgtnode] (tgt1) at (-6.0*0.5*1.0cm,-1.05*1.0cm+7.5*0.5*1.0cm) {\scriptsize{你}};
\node[tgtnode] (tgt2) at ([yshift=-0.5*1.0cm]tgt1.north east) {\scriptsize{什么}};
\node[tgtnode] (tgt3) at ([yshift=-0.5*1.0cm]tgt2.north east) {\scriptsize{都}};
\node[tgtnode] (tgt4) at ([yshift=-0.5*1.0cm]tgt3.north east) {\scriptsize{没}};
\node[tgtnode] (tgt5) at ([yshift=-0.5*1.0cm]tgt4.north east) {\scriptsize{学}};
\node[tgtnode] (tgt6) at ([yshift=-0.5*1.0cm]tgt5.north east) {\scriptsize{到}};
\node[tgtnode] (tgt7) at ([yshift=-0.5*1.0cm]tgt6.north east) {\scriptsize{?}};
\node[tgtnode] (tgt8) at ([yshift=-0.5*1.0cm]tgt7.north east) {\scriptsize{EOS}};
\node [anchor=west] (p1line1) at ([xshift=4em,yshift=1em]a57.east) {\footnotesize{$\bar{s}_i$: 什么\ \ \ 都\ \ \ 没}};
\node [anchor=north west] (p1line2) at ([xshift=0]p1line1.south west) {\footnotesize{$\bar{t}_i$: learned\ \ \ nothing\ \ \ ? \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ }};
\node [anchor=west] (p2line1) at ([xshift=4em]a53.east) {\footnotesize{$\bar{s}_j$: 到\ \ \ ?}};
\node [anchor=north west] (p2line2) at ([xshift=0]p2line1.south west) {\footnotesize{$\bar{t}_j$: Have\ \ \ you\ \ \ learned\ \ \ nothing}};
\node [anchor=east] (p1line3) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=2.9cm]p2line2.east) {};
\begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
\node [rectangle,draw=red,thick,inner sep=0.2em,fill=white,drop shadow] [fit = (a26) (a44)] (phrase1) {};
\node [rectangle,draw=ugreen,thick,inner sep=0.2em,fill=white,drop shadow] [fit = (a01) (a32)] (phrase2) {};
\node [rectangle,inner sep=0.2em,fill=red!10] [fit = (p1line1) (p1line2) (p1line3)] (box1) {};
\node [rectangle,inner sep=0.2em,fill=green!10] [fit = (p2line1) (p2line2)] (box2) {};
\end{pgfonlayer}
\draw [->,thick,dotted] ([yshift=-0.8em]phrase1.east) .. controls +(east:1.5) and +(west:1) .. (box1.west);
\draw [->,thick,dotted] ([yshift=-0.0em]phrase2.east) .. controls +(east:2.0) and +(west:1) .. ([yshift=1em]box2.west);
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{center}
\ No newline at end of file
Book/Chapter4/Figures/word-and-index-of-pos.tex 0 → 100644
%------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%%% 基于树的解码方法 - chart-based decoding
\begin{center}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{scope}
\node [anchor=north west] (w1) at (0, 0) {猫};
\node [anchor=west] (w2) at ([xshift=0.3em]w1.east) {喜欢};
\node [anchor=west] (w3) at ([xshift=0.3em]w2.east) {吃};
\node [anchor=west] (w4) at ([xshift=0.3em]w3.east) {鱼};
\node [anchor=north east] (p0) at ([xshift=0.3em]w1.south west) {\blue{0}};
\node [anchor=north east] (p1) at ([xshift=0.3em]w2.south west) {\blue{1}};
\node [anchor=north east] (p2) at ([xshift=0.3em]w3.south west) {\blue{2}};
\node [anchor=north east] (p3) at ([xshift=0.3em]w4.south west) {\blue{3}};
\node [anchor=north west] (p4) at ([xshift=-0.4em]w4.south east) {\blue{4}};
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{center}
Book/Chapter4/chapter4.tex 0 → 100644
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