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Chapter11/chapter11.tex
......@@ -266,9 +266,9 @@
\subsection{位置编码}
\label{sec:11.2.1}
\parinterval 与基于循环神经网络的翻译模型类似，基于卷积神经网络的翻译模型同样用词嵌入序列来表示输入序列，记为$\seq{w}=\{\mathbi{w}_1,\mathbi{w}_2,...,\mathbi{w}_m\}$。序列$\seq{w}$ 是维度大小为$m \times d$的矩阵，第$i$个单词$\mathbi{w}_i$是维度为$d$的向量，其中$m$为序列长度，$d$为词嵌入向量维度。和循环神经网络不同的是，基于卷积神经网络的模型需要对每个输入单词位置进行表示。这是由于，在卷积神经网络中，受限于卷积核的大小，单层的卷积神经网络只能捕捉序列局部的相对位置信息。虽然多层的卷积神经网络可以扩大感受野，但是对全局的位置表示并不充分。而相较于基于卷积神经网络的模型，基于循环神经网络的模型按时间步对输入的序列进行建模，这样间接的对位置信息进行了建模。而词序又是自然语言处理任务中重要信息，因此这里需要单独考虑。
\parinterval 与基于循环神经网络的翻译模型类似，基于卷积神经网络的翻译模型同样用词嵌入序列来表示输入序列，记为$\seq{w}=\{\mathbi{w}_1,...,\mathbi{w}_m\}$。序列$\seq{w}$ 是维度大小为$m \times d$的矩阵，第$i$个单词$\mathbi{w}_i$是维度为$d$的向量，其中$m$为序列长度，$d$为词嵌入向量维度。和循环神经网络不同的是，基于卷积神经网络的模型需要对每个输入单词位置进行表示。这是由于，在卷积神经网络中，受限于卷积核的大小，单层的卷积神经网络只能捕捉序列局部的相对位置信息。虽然多层的卷积神经网络可以扩大感受野，但是对全局的位置表示并不充分。而相较于基于卷积神经网络的模型，基于循环神经网络的模型按时间步对输入的序列进行建模，这样间接的对位置信息进行了建模。而词序又是自然语言处理任务中重要信息，因此这里需要单独考虑。
\parinterval 为了更好地引入序列的词序信息，该模型引入了位置编码$\seq{p}=\{\mathbi{p}_1,\mathbi{p}_2,...,\mathbi{p}_m\}$，其中$\mathbi{p}_i$的维度大小为$d$，一般和词嵌入维度相等，其中具体数值作为网络可学习的参数。简单来说，$\mathbi{p}_i$是一个可学习的参数向量，对应位置$i$的编码。这种编码的作用就是对位置信息进行表示，不同序列中的相同位置都对应一个唯一的位置编码向量。之后将词嵌入矩阵和位置编码进行相加，得到模型的输入序列$\seq{e}=\{\mathbi{w}_1+\mathbi{p}_1,\mathbi{w}_2+\mathbi{p}_2,...,\mathbi{w}_m+\mathbi{p}_m\}$。 也有研究人员发现卷积神经网络本身具备一定的编码位置信息的能力\upcite{Islam2020HowMP}，而这里额外的位置编码模块可以被看作是对卷积神经网络位置编码能力的一种补充。
\parinterval 为了更好地引入序列的词序信息，该模型引入了位置编码$\seq{p}=\{\mathbi{p}_1,...,\mathbi{p}_m\}$，其中$\mathbi{p}_i$的维度大小为$d$，一般和词嵌入维度相等，其中具体数值作为网络可学习的参数。简单来说，$\mathbi{p}_i$是一个可学习的参数向量，对应位置$i$的编码。这种编码的作用就是对位置信息进行表示，不同序列中的相同位置都对应一个唯一的位置编码向量。之后将词嵌入矩阵和位置编码进行相加，得到模型的输入序列$\seq{e}=\{\mathbi{w}_1+\mathbi{p}_1,...,\mathbi{w}_m+\mathbi{p}_m\}$。 也有研究人员发现卷积神经网络本身具备一定的编码位置信息的能力\upcite{Islam2020HowMP}，而这里额外的位置编码模块可以被看作是对卷积神经网络位置编码能力的一种补充。
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
% NEW SUB-SECTION
......@@ -461,7 +461,7 @@
\subsection{深度可分离卷积}
\label{sec:11.3.1}
\parinterval 根据前面的介绍，可以看到卷积神经网络容易用于局部检测和处理位置不变的特征。对于特定的表达，比如地点、情绪等，使用卷积神经网络能达到不错的识别效果，因此它常被用在文本分类中\upcite{Kalchbrenner2014ACN,Kim2014ConvolutionalNN,DBLP:conf/naacl/Johnson015,DBLP:conf/acl/JohnsonZ17}。不过机器翻译所面临的情况更复杂，除了局部句子片段信息，我们还希望模型能够捕获句子结构、语义等信息。虽然单层卷积神经网络在文本分类中已经取得了很好的效果\upcite{Kim2014ConvolutionalNN}，但是神经机器翻译等任务仍然需要有效的卷积神经网络。随着深度可分离卷积在机器翻译中的探索\upcite{Kaiser2018DepthwiseSC}，更高效的网络结构被设计出来，获得了比ConvS2S模型更好的性能。
\parinterval 根据前面的介绍，可以看到卷积神经网络容易用于局部检测和处理位置不变的特征。对于特定的表达，比如地点、情绪等，使用卷积神经网络能达到不错的识别效果，因此它常被用在文本分类中\upcite{Kalchbrenner2014ACN,Kim2014ConvolutionalNN,DBLP:conf/naacl/Johnson015,DBLP:conf/acl/JohnsonZ17}。不过机器翻译所面临的情况更复杂，除了局部句子片段信息，研究人员还希望模型能够捕获句子结构、语义等信息。虽然单层卷积神经网络在文本分类中已经取得了很好的效果\upcite{Kim2014ConvolutionalNN}，但是神经机器翻译等任务仍然需要有效的卷积神经网络。随着深度可分离卷积在机器翻译中的探索\upcite{Kaiser2018DepthwiseSC}，更高效的网络结构被设计出来，获得了比ConvS2S模型更好的性能。
%----------------------------------------------
% 图17.
......@@ -475,7 +475,7 @@
\parinterval 深度可分离卷积由深度卷积和逐点卷积两部分结合而成\upcite{sifre2014rigid}。图\ref{fig:11-17}对比了标准卷积、深度卷积和逐点卷积，为了方便显示，图中只画出了部分连接。
\parinterval 给定输入序列表示$\seq{x} = \{ \mathbi{x}_1,\mathbi{x}_2,...,\mathbi{x}_m \}$，其中$m$为序列长度，$\mathbi{x}_i \in \mathbb{R}^{O} $ ，$O$ 即输入序列的通道数。为了获得与输入序列长度相同的卷积输出结果，首先需要进行填充。为了方便描述，这里在输入序列尾部填充 $K-1$ 个元素（$K$为卷积核窗口的长度），其对应的卷积结果为$\seq{z} = \{ \mathbi{z}_1,\mathbi{z}_2,...,\mathbi{z}_m \}$。
\parinterval 给定输入序列表示$\seq{x} = \{ \mathbi{x}_1,...,\mathbi{x}_m \}$，其中$m$为序列长度，$\mathbi{x}_i \in \mathbb{R}^{O} $ ，$O$ 即输入序列的通道数。为了获得与输入序列长度相同的卷积输出结果，首先需要进行填充。为了方便描述，这里在输入序列尾部填充 $K-1$ 个元素（$K$为卷积核窗口的长度），其对应的卷积结果为$\seq{z} = \{ \mathbi{z}_1,...,\mathbi{z}_m \}$。
在标准卷积中，若使用N表示卷积核的个数，也就是标准卷积输出序列的通道数，那么对于第$i$个位置的第$n$个通道$ \mathbi{z}_{i,n}^\textrm{\,std}$，其标准卷积具体计算如下：
\begin{eqnarray}
\mathbi{z}_{i,n}^\textrm{\,std} &=& \sum_{o=1}^{O} \sum_{k=0}^{K-1} \mathbi{W}_{k,o,n}^\textrm{\,std} \mathbi{x}_{i+k,o}
......
Chapter12/chapter12.tex
......@@ -319,7 +319,7 @@
\subsection{多头注意力机制}
\parinterval Transformer中使用的另一项重要技术是{\small\sffamily\bfseries{多头注意力机制}}\index{多头注意力机制}（Multi-head Attention）\index{Multi-head Attention}。“多头”可以理解成将原来的$\mathbi{Q}$、$\mathbi{K}$、$\mathbi{V}$按照隐层维度平均切分成多份。假设切分$h$份，那么最终会得到$\mathbi{Q} = \{ \mathbi{Q}_1, \mathbi{Q}_2,...,\mathbi{Q}_h \}$，$\mathbi{K}=\{ \mathbi{K}_1,\mathbi{K}_2,...,\mathbi{K}_h \}$，$\mathbi{V}=\{ \mathbi{V}_1, \mathbi{V}_2,...,\mathbi{V}_h \}$。多头注意力就是用每一个切分得到的$\mathbi{Q}$，$\mathbi{K}$，$\mathbi{V}$独立的进行注意力计算，即第$i$个头的注意力计算结果$\mathbi{head}_i = \textrm{Attention}(\mathbi{Q}_i,\mathbi{K}_i, \mathbi{V}_i)$。
\parinterval Transformer中使用的另一项重要技术是{\small\sffamily\bfseries{多头注意力机制}}\index{多头注意力机制}（Multi-head Attention）\index{Multi-head Attention}。“多头”可以理解成将原来的$\mathbi{Q}$、$\mathbi{K}$、$\mathbi{V}$按照隐层维度平均切分成多份。假设切分$h$份，那么最终会得到$\mathbi{Q} = \{ \mathbi{Q}_1,...,\mathbi{Q}_h \}$，$\mathbi{K}=\{ \mathbi{K}_1,...,\mathbi{K}_h \}$，$\mathbi{V}=\{ \mathbi{V}_1,...,\mathbi{V}_h \}$。多头注意力就是用每一个切分得到的$\mathbi{Q}$，$\mathbi{K}$，$\mathbi{V}$独立的进行注意力计算，即第$i$个头的注意力计算结果$\mathbi{head}_i = \textrm{Attention}(\mathbi{Q}_i,\mathbi{K}_i, \mathbi{V}_i)$。
\parinterval 下面根据图\ref{fig:12-12}详细介绍多头注意力的计算过程：
......
Chapter13/chapter13.tex
......@@ -942,10 +942,10 @@ L_{\textrm{seq}} = - \textrm{logP}_{\textrm{s}}(\tilde{\seq{y}} | \seq{x})
\begin{itemize}
\vspace{0.5em}
\item 对抗样本除了用于提高模型的健壮性之外，还有很多其他的应用场景，比如评估模型。通过构建由对抗样本构造的数据集，可以验证模型对于不同类型噪声健壮性\upcite{DBLP:conf/emnlp/MichelN18}。但是在生成对抗样本时常常要注意或考虑很多问题，比如扰动是否足够细微，在人类难以察觉的同时做到欺骗模型的目的，对抗样本在不同的模型结构或数据集上是否具有足够的泛化能力。生成的方法是否足够高效等等。（{\color{red}参考文献是不是有些少？加个2-3篇？} ）
\item 对抗样本除了用于提高模型的健壮性之外，还有很多其他的应用场景，比如评估模型。通过构建由对抗样本构造的数据集，可以验证模型对于不同类型噪声健壮性\upcite{DBLP:conf/emnlp/MichelN18}。但是在生成对抗样本时常常要注意或考虑很多问题，比如扰动是否足够细微\upcite{DBLP:conf/cvpr/Moosavi-Dezfooli16,DBLP:conf/cvpr/NguyenYC15}，在人类难以察觉的同时做到欺骗模型的目的，对抗样本在不同的模型结构或数据集上是否具有足够的泛化能力\upcite{DBLP:conf/iclr/LiuCLS17,DBLP:journals/tnn/YuanHZL19}。生成的方法是否足够高效等等\upcite{DBLP:conf/emnlp/JiaL17,DBLP:conf/infocom/YuanHL020}。
\vspace{0.5em}
\item 在机器翻译中，强化学习的应用还有很多，比如，MIXER算法用混合策略梯度和极大似然估计的目标函数来更新模型{\red Sequence Level Training with Recurrent Neural Networks}，DAgger{\red A Reduction of Imitation Learning and Structured Prediction to No-Regret Online Learning}以及DAD{\red Improving Multi-step Prediction of Learned Time Series Models}等算法在训练过程之中逐渐让模型适应推断阶段的模式。此外，强化学习的效果目前还相当不稳定，研究人员提出了大量的方法来进行改善，比如降低方差{\red An Actor-Critic Algorithm for Sequence Prediction;Reinforcement Learning for Bandit Neural Machine Translation with Simulated Human Feedback}、使用单语语料{\red Improving Neural Machine Translation Models with Monolingual Data;A Study of Reinforcement Learning for Neural Machine Translation}等等。由于强化学习能从反馈的奖励中学习的特性，有不少研究探究如何在交互式场景中使用强化学习来提升系统性能。典型的例子就是对话系统，人类的反馈可以被用来训练系统，例如small-talk{\red A Deep Reinforcement Learning Chatbot}以及面向任务的对话{\red Continuously Learning Neural Dialogue Management}。
\item 在机器翻译中，强化学习的应用还有很多，比如，MIXER算法用混合策略梯度和极大似然估计的目标函数来更新模型\upcite{Ranzato2016SequenceLT}，DAgger\upcite{DBLP:journals/jmlr/RossGB11}以及DAD\upcite{DBLP:conf/aaai/VenkatramanHB15}等算法在训练过程之中逐渐让模型适应推断阶段的模式。此外，强化学习的效果目前还相当不稳定，研究人员提出了大量的方法来进行改善，比如降低方差\upcite{DBLP:conf/iclr/BahdanauBXGLPCB17,DBLP:conf/emnlp/NguyenDB17}、使用单语语料\upcite{Sennrich2016ImprovingNM,DBLP:conf/emnlp/WuTQLL18}等等。由于强化学习能从反馈的奖励中学习的特性，有不少研究探究如何在交互式场景中使用强化学习来提升系统性能。典型的例子就是对话系统，人类的反馈可以被用来训练系统，例如small-talk\upcite{DBLP:journals/corr/abs-1709-02349}以及面向任务的对话\upcite{DBLP:journals/corr/SuGMRUVWY16a}。
\vspace{0.5em}
\item 从广义上说，大多数课程学习方法都是遵循由易到难的原则，然而在实践过程中人们逐渐赋予了课程学习更多的内涵，课程学习的含义早已超越了最原始的定义。一方面，课程学习可以与许多任务相结合，此时，评估准则并不一定总是样本的困难度，这取决于具体的任务。另一方面，在一些任务或数据中，由易到难并不总是有效，有时困难优先反而会取得更好的效果\upcite{DBLP:conf/medprai/SurendranathJ18,zhang2018empirical}，实际上这和我们的直觉不太符合，一种合理的解释是课程学习更适合标签噪声、离群值较多或者是目标任务困难的场景，能提高模型的健壮性和收敛速度，而困难优先的策略则更适合数据集干净的场景\upcite{DBLP:conf/nips/ChangLM17}。
......
Chapter15/Figures/figure-layer-fusion-method-2d.tex 0 → 100644
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\node [anchor=north west,vlnode,fill=yellow!30] (ln2) at ([xshift=-0.4em,yshift=-0.4em]ln1.north west) {};
\node [anchor=north west,vlnode,fill=red!30] (ln3) at ([xshift=-0.4em,yshift=-0.4em]ln2.north west) {};
\node [anchor=north west,vlnode,fill=blue!30] (ln4) at ([xshift=-0.4em,yshift=-0.4em]ln3.north west) {};
\node [anchor=north west,vlnode,fill=ugreen!30] (ln5) at ([xshift=-0.4em,yshift=-0.4em]ln4.north west) {};
\node [anchor=south] (d2) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=0.2em]ln1.north) {2D};
\node [anchor=south,vlnode,rotate=-90] (ffn) at ([xshift=2em,yshift=0em]ln3.east) {FFN};
\node [anchor=west,rectangle,inner sep=0mm,minimum height=3.5em,minimum width=0.8em,rounded corners=2pt,draw] (fn) at ([xshift=1.5em,yshift=0em]ffn.north) {$\mathbi{g}$};
\draw [->,thick] ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]n1.east) -- ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]n4.west);
\draw [->,thick] ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]n2.east) -- ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]n5.west);
\draw [->,thick] ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]n3.east) -- ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]n6.west);
\draw [->,thick] ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]n4.east) -- ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]nc11.west);
\draw [->,thick] ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]n5.east) -- ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]nc21.west);
\draw [->,thick] ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]n6.east) -- ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]nc31.west);
\draw [->,thick] ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]n7.south) -- ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]n4.north);
\draw [->,thick] ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]n8.south) -- ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]nc13.north);
\draw [->,thick] ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]nc25.east) -- ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]ns21.west);
\draw[->,thick,dotted] ([xshift=0em,yshift=-0em]ns15.east)..controls +(east:1.5em) and +(west:1.5em)..([xshift=-0em,yshift=-0em]ln5.west) ;
\draw[->,thick,dotted] ([xshift=0em,yshift=-0em]ns25.east)..controls +(east:1em) and +(west:1em)..([xshift=-0em,yshift=-0em]ln5.west) ;
\draw[->,thick,dotted] ([xshift=0em,yshift=-0em]ns35.east)..controls +(east:1.5em) and +(west:1.5em)..([xshift=-0em,yshift=-0em]ln5.west) ;
\draw [->,thick] ([xshift=0.8em,yshift=0em]ln3.east) -- ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]ffn.south);
\draw [->,thick] ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]ffn.north) -- ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]fn.west);
\draw [decorate,decoration={brace,mirror}] ([xshift=0em]n3.south west) to node [midway,font=\small,align=center,xshift=0em,yshift=-0.8em] {$d$} ([xshift=0em]n3.south east);
\draw [decorate,decoration={brace,mirror}] ([xshift=0em]n6.south west) to node [midway,font=\small,align=center,xshift=0em,yshift=-0.8em] {$d_a$} ([xshift=0em]n6.south east);
\draw [decorate,decoration={brace,mirror}] ([xshift=0em]n7.north west) to node [midway,font=\small,align=center,xshift=-0.7em,yshift=-0em] {$d$} ([xshift=0em]n7.south west);
\draw [decorate,decoration={brace}] ([xshift=0em]n7.north west) to node [midway,font=\small,align=center,xshift=0em,yshift=0.7em] {$d$} ([xshift=0em]n7.north east);
\draw [decorate,decoration={brace,mirror}] ([xshift=0em]n8.north west) to node [midway,font=\small,align=center,xshift=-0.8em,yshift=-0em] {$d_a$} ([xshift=0em]n8.south west);
\draw [decorate,decoration={brace}] ([xshift=0em]n8.north west) to node [midway,font=\small,align=center,xshift=0em,yshift=0.8em] {$n_{hop}$} ([xshift=0em]n8.north east);
\draw [decorate,decoration={brace,mirror}] ([xshift=0em]nc31.south west) to node [midway,font=\small,align=center,xshift=0em,yshift=-0.8em] {$n_{hop}$} ([xshift=0em]nc35.south east);
\draw [decorate,decoration={brace,mirror}] ([xshift=0em]ln5.south west) to node [midway,font=\small,align=center,xshift=0em,yshift=-0.8em] {$d$} ([xshift=0em]ln5.south east);
\draw [decorate] ([xshift=0em]ln5.south east) to node [midway,font=\footnotesize,align=center,xshift=1em,yshift=-0.5em] {$n_{hop}$} ([xshift=0em]ln1.south east);
\draw [decorate,decoration={brace,mirror}] ([xshift=0em]fn.south east) to node [midway,font=\small,align=center,xshift=0.7em,yshift=-0em] {$d$} ([xshift=0em]fn.north east);
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
\ No newline at end of file
Chapter15/Figures/figure-light-weight-transformer-module.tex 0 → 100644
%%%------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%%% 调序模型1：基于距离的调序
\begin{center}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\tikzstyle{manode}=[rectangle,inner sep=0mm,minimum height=4em,minimum width=4em,rounded corners=5pt,thick,draw,fill=blue!20]
\tikzstyle{ffnnode}=[rectangle,inner sep=0mm,minimum height=1.8em,minimum width=6em,rounded corners=5pt,thick,fill=red!20,draw]
\tikzstyle{ebnode}=[rectangle,inner sep=0mm,minimum height=1.8em,minimum width=10em,rounded corners=5pt,thick,fill=green!20,draw]
\begin{scope}[]
\node [anchor=west,ffnnode] (f1) at (0, 0){FFN};
\node [anchor=south,ebnode] (e1) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=1em]f1.north){Embedding};
\node [anchor=south west,manode] (a1) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=1em]e1.north west){Attention};
\node [anchor=south east,manode] (c1) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=1em]e1.north east){Conv};
\node [anchor=south west,ebnode] (e2) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=1em]a1.north west){Embedding};
\node [anchor=south,draw,circle,inner sep=4pt] (add1) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=0.5em]e2.north){};
\node [anchor=south,ffnnode] (f2) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=0.5em]add1.north){FFN};
\draw[->,thick] ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]f1.north)--([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]e1.south);
\draw[->,thick] ([xshift=0em,yshift=-1em]a1.south)--([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]a1.south);
\draw[->,thick] ([xshift=0em,yshift=-1em]c1.south)--([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]c1.south);
\draw[->,thick] ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]a1.north)--([xshift=0em,yshift=1em]a1.north);
\draw[->,thick] ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]c1.north)--([xshift=0em,yshift=1em]c1.north);
\draw[-,thick] ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]e2.north)--([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]add1.south);
\draw[->,thick] ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]add1.north)--([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]f2.south);
\draw[-] ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]add1.west)--([xshift=-0em,yshift=0em]add1.east);
\draw[-] ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]add1.south)--([xshift=-0em,yshift=-0em]add1.north);
\draw[->,thick,rectangle,rounded corners=5pt] ([xshift=0em,yshift=0.5em]f1.north)--([xshift=-6em,yshift=0.5em]f1.north)--([xshift=-5.45em,yshift=0em]add1.west)--([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]add1.west);
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{center}
\ No newline at end of file
Chapter15/Figures/figure-multi-branch-attention-model.tex 0 → 100644
%%%------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%%% 调序模型1：基于距离的调序
\begin{center}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\tikzstyle{manode}=[rectangle,inner sep=0mm,minimum height=1.8em,minimum width=10em,rounded corners=5pt,thick,draw,fill=teal!20]
\tikzstyle{ffnnode}=[rectangle,inner sep=0mm,minimum height=1.8em,minimum width=3em,rounded corners=5pt,thick,fill=red!20,draw]
\tikzstyle{lnnode}=[rectangle,inner sep=0mm,minimum height=2em,minimum width=2.5em,rounded corners=5pt,thick,fill=green!20,draw]
\begin{scope}[]
\node [anchor=east,circle,fill=black,inner sep = 2pt] (n1) at (-0, 0) {};
\node [anchor=west,draw,circle,inner sep=5pt] (n2) at ([xshift=13em,yshift=0em]n1.east){};
\node [anchor=west,lnnode] (n3) at ([xshift=1.5em,yshift=0em]n2.east){LN};
\node [anchor=west,circle,fill=black,inner sep=2pt] (n4) at ([xshift=1.5em,yshift=0em]n3.east){};
\node [anchor=west,draw,circle,inner sep=5pt] (n5) at ([xshift=5em,yshift=0em]n4.east){};
\node [anchor=west,lnnode] (n6) at ([xshift=1.5em,yshift=0em]n5.east){LN};
\node [anchor=west,manode] (a1) at ([xshift=1.5em,yshift=2em]n1.east){Multi-Head Attention};
\node [anchor=south] (a2) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=0.2em]a1.north){$\cdots$};
\node [anchor=south,manode] (a3) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=0.2em]a2.north){Multi-Head Attention};
\node [anchor=west,ffnnode] (f1) at ([xshift=1em,yshift=2em]n4.east){FFN};
\draw[->,thick] ([xshift=-1em,yshift=0em]n1.west)--([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]n1.west);
\draw[->,thick] ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]n1.east)--([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]n2.west);
\draw[->,thick] ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]n2.east)--([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]n3.west);
\draw[->,thick] ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]n3.east)--([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]n4.west);
\draw[->,thick] ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]n4.east)--([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]n5.west);
\draw[->,thick] ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]n5.east)--([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]n6.west);
\draw[->,thick] ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]n6.east)--([xshift=1em,yshift=0em]n6.east);
\draw[->,thick] ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]n1.east)--([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]a1.west);
\draw[->,thick] ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]n1.east)--([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]a3.west);
\draw[->,thick] ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]n4.east)--([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]f1.west);
\draw[->,thick,ublue,dashed] ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]a1.east)--([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]n2.west);
\draw[->,thick,ublue,dashed] ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]a3.east)--([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]n2.west);
\draw[->,thick,ublue,dashed] ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]f1.east)--([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]n5.west);
\node [anchor=west,ublue,font=\footnotesize,align=left] (w1) at ([xshift=5em,yshift=-0.5em]a2.east){以概率\\$p$丢弃};
\node [anchor=west,ublue,font=\footnotesize,align=left] (w2) at ([xshift=0.5em,yshift=0em]f1.east){以概率\\$p$丢弃};
\draw[-] ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]n2.west)--([xshift=-0em,yshift=0em]n2.east);
\draw[-] ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]n2.south)--([xshift=-0em,yshift=-0em]n2.north);
\draw[-] ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]n5.west)--([xshift=-0em,yshift=0em]n5.east);
\draw[-] ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]n5.south)--([xshift=-0em,yshift=-0em]n5.north);
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{center}
\ No newline at end of file
Chapter15/Figures/figure-parallel-RNN-structure.tex 0 → 100644
%%%------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\begin{center}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\tikzstyle{wrnode}=[rectangle,inner sep=0mm,minimum height=1.8em,minimum width=4em,rounded corners=5pt,fill=blue!30]
\tikzstyle{arnode}=[rectangle,inner sep=0mm,minimum height=1.8em,minimum width=4em,rounded corners=5pt,fill=red!30]
\tikzstyle{dotnode}=[inner sep=0mm,minimum height=0.5em,minimum width=1.5em]
\tikzstyle{wnode}=[inner sep=0mm,minimum height=1.8em]
{\small
\begin{scope}[]
\node [anchor=north west,wnode] (w1) at (0,0) {词预测模型};
\node [anchor=west,wrnode] (w2) at ([xshift=1.5em,yshift=0em]w1.east) {$\mathbi{h}_{1}^{\textrm{word}}$};
\node [anchor=west,wrnode] (w3) at ([xshift=1.5em,yshift=0em]w2.east) {$\mathbi{h}_{2}^{\textrm{word}}$};
\node [anchor=west,wrnode] (w4) at ([xshift=7em,yshift=0em]w3.east) {$\mathbi{h}_{4}^{\textrm{word}}$};
\node [anchor=west,dotnode] (dot1) at ([xshift=1.5em,yshift=0em]w4.east) {$\cdots$};
\node [anchor=north east,wnode] (a1) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-6.6em]w1.south east) {动作模型};
\node [anchor=west,arnode] (a2) at ([xshift=1.5em,yshift=0em]a1.east) {$\mathbi{h}_{1}^{\textrm{action}}$};
\node [anchor=west,arnode] (a3) at ([xshift=1.5em,yshift=0em]a2.east) {$\mathbi{h}_{2}^{\textrm{action}}$};
\node [anchor=west,arnode] (a4) at ([xshift=1.5em,yshift=0em]a3.east) {$\mathbi{h}_{3}^{\textrm{action}}$};
\node [anchor=west,arnode] (a5) at ([xshift=1.5em,yshift=0em]a4.east) {$\mathbi{h}_{4}^{\textrm{action}}$};
\node [anchor=west,arnode] (a6) at ([xshift=1.5em,yshift=0em]a5.east) {$\mathbi{h}_{5}^{\textrm{action}}$};
\node [anchor=south,wnode] (word1) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=1em]w2.north) {你};
\node [anchor=south,wnode] (word2) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=1em]w3.north) {是};
\node [anchor=south,wnode] (word3) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=1em]w4.north) {谁};
\node [anchor=north,wnode] (word4) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-1em]w2.south) {$\langle$sos$\rangle$};
\node [anchor=north,wnode] (word5) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-1em]w3.south) {你};
\node [anchor=north,wnode] (word6) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-1em]w4.south) {谁};
\node [anchor=south,wnode] (word7) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=1em]a2.north) {移位};
\node [anchor=south,wnode] (word8) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=1em]a3.north) {移位};
\node [anchor=south,wnode] (word9) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=1em]a4.north) {左规约};
\node [anchor=south,wnode] (word10) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=1em]a5.north) {移位};
\node [anchor=south,wnode] (word11) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=1em]a6.north) {右规约};
\node [anchor=north,wnode] (word12) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-1em]a2.south) {$\langle$sos$\rangle$};
\node [anchor=north,wnode] (word13) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-1em]a3.south) {移位};
\node [anchor=north,wnode] (word14) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-1em]a4.south) {移位};
\node [anchor=north,wnode] (word15) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-1em]a5.south) {左规约};
\node [anchor=north,wnode] (word16) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-1em]a6.south) {移位};
\node [anchor=south,wnode] (wl1) at ([xshift=6em,yshift=-1em]dot1.north) {是};
\node [anchor=north,wnode] (wl2) at ([xshift=-2em,yshift=-2em]wl1.south) {你};
\node [anchor=north,wnode] (wl3) at ([xshift=2em,yshift=-2em]wl1.south) {谁};
\node [anchor=north,font=\tiny,rotate=45] (e1) at ([xshift=-2.2em,yshift=-0.4em]wl1.south) {左规约生成};
\node [anchor=north,font=\tiny,rotate=-45] (e2) at ([xshift=2.2em,yshift=-0.4em]wl1.south) {右规约生成};
\draw [->,thick] ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]wl1.south) -- ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]wl2.north);
\draw [->,thick] ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]wl1.south) -- ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]wl3.north);
\draw [->,thick] ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]w1.east) -- ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]w2.west);
\draw [->,thick] ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]w2.east) -- ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]w3.west);
\draw [->,thick] ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]w3.east) -- ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]w4.west);
\draw [->,thick] ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]w4.east) -- ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]dot1.west);
\draw [->,thick] ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]a1.east) -- ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]a2.west);
\draw [->,thick] ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]a2.east) -- ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]a3.west);
\draw [->,thick] ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]a3.east) -- ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]a4.west);
\draw [->,thick] ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]a4.east) -- ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]a5.west);
\draw [->,thick] ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]a5.east) -- ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]a6.west);
\draw [->,thick] ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]w2.north) -- ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]word1.south);
\draw [->,thick] ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]w3.north) -- ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]word2.south);
\draw [->,thick] ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]w4.north) -- ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]word3.south);
\draw [->,thick] ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]word4.north) -- ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]w2.south);
\draw [->,thick] ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]word5.north) -- ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]w3.south);
\draw [->,thick] ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]word6.north) -- ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]w4.south);
\draw [->,thick] ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]word7.north) -- ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]word4.south);
\draw [->,thick] ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]word8.north) -- ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]word5.south);
\draw [->,thick] ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]word10.north) -- ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]word6.south);
\draw [->,thick] ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]a2.north) -- ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]word7.south);
\draw [->,thick] ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]a3.north) -- ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]word8.south);
\draw [->,thick] ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]a4.north) -- ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]word9.south);
\draw [->,thick] ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]a5.north) -- ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]word10.south);
\draw [->,thick] ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]a6.north) -- ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]word11.south);
\draw [->,thick] ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]word12.north) -- ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]a2.south);
\draw [->,thick] ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]word13.north) -- ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]a3.south);
\draw [->,thick] ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]word14.north) -- ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]a4.south);
\draw [->,thick] ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]word15.north) -- ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]a5.south);
\draw [->,thick] ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]word16.north) -- ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]a6.south);
\draw[->,thick,dashed] ([xshift=0em,yshift=-0em]word1.east)..controls +(east:4em) and +(west:3em)..([xshift=-0em,yshift=-0em]a3.west) ;
\draw[->,thick,dashed] ([xshift=0em,yshift=-0em]word2.east)..controls +(east:4em) and +(west:3em)..([xshift=-0em,yshift=-0em]a4.west) ;
\draw[->,thick,dashed] ([xshift=0em,yshift=-0em]word2.east)..controls +(east:10em) and +(west:4em)..([xshift=-0em,yshift=-0em]a5.west) ;
\draw[->,thick,dashed] ([xshift=0em,yshift=-0em]word3.east)..controls +(east:4em) and +(west:3em)..([xshift=-0em,yshift=-0em]a6.west) ;
\end{scope}
}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{center}
\ No newline at end of file
Chapter15/Figures/figure-parsing-tree-of-a-sentence.tex 0 → 100644
%%%------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\begin{center}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\tikzstyle{wnode}=[inner sep=0mm,minimum height=1.5em,minimum width=2em]
\begin{scope}[sibling distance=15pt, level distance = 30pt]
\Tree[.\node(n1){{S}};
[.\node(n2){{NP}};
[.\node(n3){{PRN}}; \node(w1){{I}};]
]
[.\node(n4){{VP}};
[. \node(n5){VBP}; \node(w2){{love}};]
[. \node(cw4){NP};
[. \node(n6){NNS}; \node(w3){{dogs}};]
]
]
]
]
\node [anchor=north] (label1) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-4em]w2.south) {(a)句法树};
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}[xshift=1.8in,yshift=0em]
\node [anchor=west,wnode] (w1) at (0,0) {I};
\node [anchor=west,wnode] (w2) at ([xshift=3em,yshift=0em]w1.east) {love};
\node [anchor=west,wnode] (w3) at ([xshift=3em,yshift=0em]w2.east) {dogs};
\node [anchor=north,wnode] (w4) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-2em]w1.south) {$w_1$};
\node [anchor=north,wnode] (w5) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-2em]w2.south) {$w_2$};
\node [anchor=north,wnode] (w6) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-2em]w3.south) {$w_3$};
\node [anchor=north] (label2) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-1.5em]w5.south) {(b)词序列};
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}[xshift=1.2in,yshift=-1.5in]
\node [anchor=west,wnode] (l1) at (0,0) {S};
\node [anchor=west,wnode] (l2) at ([xshift=1em,yshift=0em]l1.east) {NP};
\node [anchor=west,wnode] (l3) at ([xshift=1em,yshift=0em]l2.east) {PRN};
\node [anchor=west,wnode] (l4) at ([xshift=1em,yshift=0em]l3.east) {VP};
\node [anchor=west,wnode] (l5) at ([xshift=1em,yshift=0em]l4.east) {VBP};
\node [anchor=west,wnode] (l6) at ([xshift=1em,yshift=0em]l5.east) {NP};
\node [anchor=west,wnode] (l7) at ([xshift=1em,yshift=0em]l6.east) {NNS};
\node [anchor=north,wnode] (l8) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-1em]l1.south) {$l_1$};
\node [anchor=north,wnode] (l9) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-1em]l2.south) {$l_2$};
\node [anchor=north,wnode] (l10) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-1em]l3.south) {$l_3$};
\node [anchor=north,wnode] (l11) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-1em]l4.south) {$l_4$};
\node [anchor=north,wnode] (l12) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-1em]l5.south) {$l_5$};
\node [anchor=north,wnode] (l13) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-1em]l6.south) {$l_6$};
\node [anchor=north,wnode] (l14) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-1em]l7.south) {$l_7$};
\node [anchor=north] (label3) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-1.5em]l11.south) {(c)句法序列};
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{center}
\ No newline at end of file
Chapter15/Figures/figure-syntax-tree-linearization-example.tex 0 → 100644
%%%------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\begin{center}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\tikzstyle{wnode}=[inner sep=0mm,minimum height=1.5em,minimum width=2em]
{\small
\begin{scope}[sibling distance=15pt, level distance = 30pt]
\Tree[.\node(n1){{S}};
[.\node(n2){{NP}}; \node(w1){{Jane}};]
[.\node(n3){{VP}};
[. \node(w2){had};]
[. \node(n4){NP}; \node(w3){{a cat}};]
]
[. \node(w4){.};]
]
\end{scope}
}
{\small
\begin{scope}[xshift=1in,yshift=-0.7in]
\node [anchor=west] (n1) at (0.5em,0em) {(Root(S(NP Jane)NP(VP had(NP a cat)NP)VP .)S)Root};
\draw [->,very thick] ([xshift=-2.3em,yshift=0em]n1.west) -- ([xshift=-0.5em,yshift=0em]n1.west);
\end{scope}
}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{center}
\ No newline at end of file
Chapter15/Figures/figure-three-fusion-methods-of-tree-structure-information-1.tex 0 → 100644
%%%------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\begin{center}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\tikzstyle{wrnode}=[rectangle,inner sep=0mm,minimum height=1.8em,minimum width=3em,rounded corners=5pt,fill=blue!30]
\tikzstyle{srnode}=[rectangle,inner sep=0mm,minimum height=1.8em,minimum width=3em,rounded corners=5pt,fill=yellow!30]
\tikzstyle{dotnode}=[inner sep=0mm,minimum height=0.5em,minimum width=1.5em]
\tikzstyle{wnode}=[inner sep=0mm,minimum height=1.8em]
{\small
\begin{scope}[]
\node [anchor=west,wrnode] (wr1) at (0,0) {$\mathbi{h}_{w_1}$};
\node [anchor=west,wrnode] (wr2) at ([xshift=1em,yshift=0em]wr1.east) {$\mathbi{h}_{w_2}$};
\node [anchor=west,wrnode] (wr3) at ([xshift=1em,yshift=0em]wr2.east) {$\mathbi{h}_{w_3}$};
\node [anchor=west,srnode] (sr1) at ([xshift=2em,yshift=0em]wr3.east) {$\mathbi{h}_{l_1}$};
\node [anchor=west,dotnode] (dot1) at ([xshift=0.8em,yshift=0em]sr1.east) {$\cdots$};
\node [anchor=west,srnode] (sr2) at ([xshift=0.8em,yshift=0em]dot1.east) {$\mathbi{h}_{l_3}$};
\node [anchor=west,dotnode] (dot2) at ([xshift=0.8em,yshift=0em]sr2.east) {$\cdots$};
\node [anchor=west,srnode] (sr3) at ([xshift=0.8em,yshift=0em]dot2.east) {$\mathbi{h}_{l_5}$};
\node [anchor=west,dotnode] (dot3) at ([xshift=0.8em,yshift=0em]sr3.east) {$\cdots$};
\node [anchor=west,srnode] (sr4) at ([xshift=0.8em,yshift=0em]dot3.east) {$\mathbi{h}_{l_7}$};
\node [anchor=north,wnode,font=\footnotesize] (w1) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-1em]wr1.south) {$w_1$\ :\ I};
\node [anchor=north,wnode,font=\footnotesize] (w2) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-1em]wr2.south) {$w_2$\ :\ love};
\node [anchor=north,wnode,font=\footnotesize] (w3) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-1em]wr3.south) {$w_3$\ :\ dogs};
\node [anchor=north,wnode,font=\footnotesize] (w4) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-1em]sr1.south) {$l_1$\ :\ S};
\node [anchor=north,dotnode] (dot4) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-2.4em]dot1.south) {$\cdots$};
\node [anchor=north,wnode,font=\footnotesize] (w5) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-1em]sr2.south) {$l_3$\ :\ PRN};
\node [anchor=north,dotnode] (dot5) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-2.2em]dot2.south) {$\cdots$};
\node [anchor=north,wnode,font=\footnotesize] (w6) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-1em]sr3.south) {$l_5$\ :\ VBP};
\node [anchor=north,dotnode] (dot6) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-2.3em]dot3.south) {$\cdots$};
\node [anchor=north,wnode,font=\footnotesize] (w7) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-1em]sr4.south) {$l_7$\ :\ NNS};
\node [anchor=south,circle,draw,minimum size=1.2em] (c1) at ([xshift=2.5em,yshift=2em]wr2.north){};
\node [anchor=west,circle,draw,minimum size=1.2em] (c2) at ([xshift=8em,yshift=0em]c1.east){};
\node [anchor=west,circle,draw,minimum size=1.2em] (c3) at ([xshift=8em,yshift=0em]c2.east){};
\node [anchor=south,srnode] (m1) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=2em]c1.north) {$\mathbi{h}_{l_1}$};
\node [anchor=south,wrnode] (m2) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]m1.north) {$\mathbi{h}_{w_1}$};
\node [anchor=south,srnode] (m3) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=2em]c2.north) {$\mathbi{h}_{l_5}$};
\node [anchor=south,wrnode] (m4) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]m3.north) {$\mathbi{h}_{w_2}$};
\node [anchor=south,srnode] (m5) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=2em]c3.north) {$\mathbi{h}_{l_7}$};
\node [anchor=south,wrnode] (m6) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]m5.north) {$\mathbi{h}_{w_3}$};
\draw[-] (c1.west)--(c1.east);
\draw[-] (c1.north)--(c1.south);
\draw[-] (c2.west)--(c2.east);
\draw[-] (c2.north)--(c2.south);
\draw[-] (c3.west)--(c3.east);
\draw[-] (c3.north)--(c3.south);
\begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
\node [rectangle,inner sep=0.5em,draw=blue!80,dashed,very thick,rounded corners=10pt] [fit = (wr1) (wr3) (w1) (w3)] (box1) {};
\node [rectangle,inner sep=0.5em,draw=yellow!80,dashed,very thick,rounded corners=10pt] [fit = (sr1) (sr4) (w4) (w7)] (box2) {};
\node [rectangle,minimum height=5em,inner sep=0.6em,fill=gray!20,draw=black,dashed,very thick,rounded corners=8pt] [fit = (m1) (m2)] (box3) {};
\node [rectangle,minimum height=5em,inner sep=0.6em,fill=gray!20,draw=black,dashed,very thick,rounded corners=8pt] [fit = (m3) (m4)] (box4) {};
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\end{pgfonlayer}
\node [anchor=south,wnode] (h1) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=0.1em]box3.north) {${\mathbi{h}'}_1$\ :\ };
\node [anchor=south,wnode] (h2) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=0.1em]box4.north) {${\mathbi{h}'}_2$\ :\ };
\node [anchor=south,wnode] (h3) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=0.1em]box5.north) {${\mathbi{h}'}_3$\ :\ };
\draw [->,thick] ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]w1.north) -- ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]wr1.south);
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\draw [->,thick] ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]w6.north) -- ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]sr3.south);
\draw [->,thick] ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]w7.north) -- ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]sr4.south);
\draw [->,thick] ([xshift=0em,yshift=0.7em]dot4.north) -- ([xshift=0em,yshift=-0.7em]dot1.south);
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\draw [<->,thick] ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]sr1.east) -- ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]dot1.west);
\draw [<->,thick] ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]dot1.east) -- ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]sr2.west);
\draw [<->,thick] ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]sr2.east) -- ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]dot2.west);
\draw [<->,thick] ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]dot2.east) -- ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]sr3.west);
\draw [<->,thick] ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]sr3.east) -- ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]dot3.west);
\draw [<->,thick] ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]dot3.east) -- ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]sr4.west);
\draw[->,thick] ([xshift=0em,yshift=-0em]wr1.north)..controls +(north:2em) and +(west:0em)..([xshift=-0em,yshift=-0em]c1.west) ;
\draw[->,thick] ([xshift=0em,yshift=-0em]sr2.north)..controls +(north:2em) and +(south:1em)..([xshift=-0em,yshift=-0em]c1.south east) ;
\draw[->,thick] ([xshift=0em,yshift=-0em]wr2.north)..controls +(north:2em) and +(west:0em)..([xshift=-0em,yshift=-0em]c2.west) ;
\draw[->,thick] ([xshift=0em,yshift=-0em]sr3.north)..controls +(north:2em) and +(east:0em)..([xshift=-0em,yshift=-0em]c2.east) ;
\draw[->,thick] ([xshift=0em,yshift=-0em]wr3.north)..controls +(north:2em) and +(south:1em)..([xshift=-0em,yshift=-0em]c3.south west) ;
\draw[->,thick] ([xshift=0em,yshift=-0em]sr4.north)..controls +(north:2em) and +(east:0em)..([xshift=-0em,yshift=-0em]c3.east) ;
\draw [->,thick] ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]c1.north) -- ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]box3.south);
\draw [->,thick] ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]c2.north) -- ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]box4.south);
\draw [->,thick] ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]c3.north) -- ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]box5.south);
\node [anchor=north] (r1) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-1em]w2.south) {词语RNN};
\node [anchor=north] (r2) at ([xshift=3em,yshift=-1em]w5.south) {句法RNN};
\node [anchor=north] (label1) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-4em]dot4.south) {(a)平行结构};
\end{scope}
}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{center}
\ No newline at end of file
Chapter15/Figures/figure-three-fusion-methods-of-tree-structure-information-2.tex 0 → 100644
%%%------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\begin{center}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\tikzstyle{wrnode}=[rectangle,inner sep=0mm,minimum height=1.8em,minimum width=3em,rounded corners=5pt,fill=blue!30]
\tikzstyle{srnode}=[rectangle,inner sep=0mm,minimum height=1.8em,minimum width=3em,rounded corners=5pt,fill=yellow!30]
\tikzstyle{dotnode}=[inner sep=0mm,minimum height=0.5em,minimum width=1.5em]
\tikzstyle{wnode}=[inner sep=0mm,minimum height=1.8em]
{\small
\begin{scope}[]
\node [anchor=west,srnode] (sr1) at (0,0) {$\mathbi{h}_{l_1}$};
\node [anchor=west,dotnode] (dot1) at ([xshift=0.8em,yshift=0em]sr1.east) {$\cdots$};
\node [anchor=west,srnode] (sr2) at ([xshift=0.8em,yshift=0em]dot1.east) {$\mathbi{h}_{l_3}$};
\node [anchor=west,dotnode] (dot2) at ([xshift=0.8em,yshift=0em]sr2.east) {$\cdots$};
\node [anchor=west,srnode] (sr3) at ([xshift=0.8em,yshift=0em]dot2.east) {$\mathbi{h}_{l_5}$};
\node [anchor=west,dotnode] (dot3) at ([xshift=0.8em,yshift=0em]sr3.east) {$\cdots$};
\node [anchor=west,srnode] (sr4) at ([xshift=0.8em,yshift=0em]dot3.east) {$\mathbi{h}_{l_7}$};
\node [anchor=north,wnode,font=\footnotesize] (w4) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-1em]sr1.south) {$l_1$\ :\ S};
\node [anchor=north,dotnode] (dot4) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-2.4em]dot1.south) {$\cdots$};
\node [anchor=north,wnode,font=\footnotesize] (w5) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-1em]sr2.south) {$l_3$\ :\ PRN};
\node [anchor=north,dotnode] (dot5) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-2.2em]dot2.south) {$\cdots$};
\node [anchor=north,wnode,font=\footnotesize] (w6) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-1em]sr3.south) {$l_5$\ :\ VBP};
\node [anchor=north,dotnode] (dot6) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-2.3em]dot3.south) {$\cdots$};
\node [anchor=north,wnode,font=\footnotesize] (w7) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-1em]sr4.south) {$l_7$\ :\ NNS};
\node [anchor=south,circle,draw,minimum size=1.2em] (c1) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=4.5em]sr2.north){};
\node [anchor=south,circle,draw,minimum size=1.2em] (c2) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=4.5em]sr3.north){};
\node [anchor=south,circle,draw,minimum size=1.2em] (c3) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=4.5em]sr4.north){};
\draw[-] (c1.west)--(c1.east);
\draw[-] (c1.north)--(c1.south);
\draw[-] (c2.west)--(c2.east);
\draw[-] (c2.north)--(c2.south);
\draw[-] (c3.west)--(c3.east);
\draw[-] (c3.north)--(c3.south);
\node [anchor=north east,wnode,font=\footnotesize] (w1) at ([xshift=-1em,yshift=-1em]c1.south west) {$w_1$\ :\ I};
\node [anchor=north east,wnode,font=\footnotesize] (w2) at ([xshift=-1em,yshift=-1em]c2.south west) {$w_2$\ :\ love};
\node [anchor=north east,wnode,font=\footnotesize] (w3) at ([xshift=-1em,yshift=-1em]c3.south west) {$w_3$\ :\ dogs};
\node [anchor=south,wnode] (w8) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=0.5em]c1.north) {$\mathbi{e}_{w_1}$};
\node [anchor=south,wnode] (w9) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=0.5em]c2.north) {$\mathbi{e}_{w_2}$};
\node [anchor=south,wnode] (w10) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=0.5em]c3.north) {$\mathbi{e}_{w_2}$};
\begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
\node [rectangle,minimum height=5em,inner sep=0.6em,fill=ugreen!20,rounded corners=8pt] [fit = (c1) (w8)] (box6) {};
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\node [rectangle,minimum height=5em,inner sep=0.6em,fill=ugreen!20,rounded corners=8pt] [fit = (c3) (w10)] (box8) {};
\end{pgfonlayer}
\node [anchor=south,wrnode] (wr1) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=1em]box6.north) {$\mathbi{h}_{w_1}$};
\node [anchor=south,wrnode] (wr2) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=1em]box7.north) {$\mathbi{h}_{w_2}$};
\node [anchor=south,wrnode] (wr3) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=1em]box8.north) {$\mathbi{h}_{w_3}$};
\node [anchor=south,wnode] (h1) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=0.3em]wr1.north) {${\mathbi{h}'}_1$\ :\ };
\node [anchor=south,wnode] (h2) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=0.3em]wr2.north) {${\mathbi{h}'}_2$\ :\ };
\node [anchor=south,wnode] (h3) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=0.3em]wr3.north) {${\mathbi{h}'}_3$\ :\ };
\begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
\node [rectangle,minimum width=20em,minimum height=13em,inner sep=0.5em,draw=blue!80,dashed,very thick,rounded corners=10pt] [fit = (h1) (w1) (h3) (c3)] (box1) {};
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\node [rectangle,inner sep=0.4em,fill=gray!20,draw=black,dashed,very thick,rounded corners=8pt] [fit = (wr1)] (box3) {};
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\end{pgfonlayer}
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\draw [->,thick] ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]sr2.north) -- ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]c1.south);
\draw [->,thick] ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]sr3.north) -- ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]c2.south);
\draw [->,thick] ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]sr4.north) -- ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]c3.south);
\draw [->,thick] ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]box6.north) -- ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]wr1.south);
\draw [->,thick] ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]box7.north) -- ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]wr2.south);
\draw [->,thick] ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]box8.north) -- ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]wr3.south);
\node [anchor=east] (r2) at ([xshift=-2em,yshift=0em]box2.west) {句法RNN};
\node [anchor=south] (r1) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=8em]r2.north) {词语RNN};
\node [anchor=north] (label2) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-2em]w5.south) {(b)分层结构};
\end{scope}
}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{center}
\ No newline at end of file
Chapter15/Figures/figure-three-fusion-methods-of-tree-structure-information-3.tex 0 → 100644
%%%------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\begin{center}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\tikzstyle{hnode}=[rectangle,inner sep=0mm,minimum height=1.8em,minimum width=3em,rounded corners=5pt,fill=red!30]
\tikzstyle{dotnode}=[inner sep=0mm,minimum height=0.5em,minimum width=1.5em]
\tikzstyle{wnode}=[inner sep=0mm,minimum height=1.8em]
{\small
\begin{scope}[]
\node [anchor=west,hnode] (n1) at (0,0) {$\mathbi{h}_{1}$};
\node [anchor=west,hnode] (n2) at ([xshift=1em,yshift=0em]n1.east) {$\mathbi{h}_{2}$};
\node [anchor=west,dotnode] (dot1) at ([xshift=1em,yshift=0em]n2.east) {$\cdots$};
\node [anchor=west,hnode] (n3) at ([xshift=1em,yshift=0em]dot1.east) {$\mathbi{h}_{4}$};
\node [anchor=west,dotnode] (dot2) at ([xshift=1em,yshift=0em]n3.east) {$\cdots$};
\node [anchor=west,hnode] (n4) at ([xshift=1em,yshift=0em]dot2.east) {$\mathbi{h}_{7}$};
\node [anchor=west,dotnode] (dot3) at ([xshift=1em,yshift=0em]n4.east) {$\cdots$};
\node [anchor=west,hnode] (n5) at ([xshift=1em,yshift=0em]dot3.east) {$\mathbi{h}_{10}$};
\node [anchor=north,wnode,font=\footnotesize] (w1) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-1em]n1.south) {$l_1$\ :\ S};
\node [anchor=north,wnode,font=\footnotesize] (w2) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-1em]n2.south) {$l_3$\ :\ NP};
\node [anchor=north,dotnode] (dot4) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-2.4em]dot1.south) {$\cdots$};
\node [anchor=north,wnode,font=\footnotesize] (w3) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-1em]n3.south) {$w_1$\ :\ I};
\node [anchor=north,dotnode] (dot5) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-2.2em]dot2.south) {$\cdots$};
\node [anchor=north,wnode,font=\footnotesize] (w4) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-1em]n4.south) {$w_2$\ :\ love};
\node [anchor=north,dotnode] (dot6) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-2.3em]dot3.south) {$\cdots$};
\node [anchor=north,wnode,font=\footnotesize] (w5) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-1em]n5.south) {$w_3$\ :\ dogs};
\node [anchor=south,wnode] (h1) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=0.3em]n3.north) {${\mathbi{h}'}_1$\ :\ };
\node [anchor=south,wnode] (h2) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=0.3em]n4.north) {${\mathbi{h}'}_2$\ :\ };
\node [anchor=south,wnode] (h3) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=0.3em]n5.north) {${\mathbi{h}'}_3$\ :\ };
\begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
\node [rectangle,inner sep=0.5em,draw=red!80,dashed,very thick,rounded corners=10pt] [fit = (w1) (w5) (n1) (h3)] (box1) {};
\node [rectangle,inner sep=0.4em,fill=gray!20,draw=black,dashed,very thick,rounded corners=8pt] [fit = (n3)] (box3) {};
\node [rectangle,inner sep=0.4em,fill=gray!20,draw=black,dashed,very thick,rounded corners=8pt] [fit = (n4)] (box4) {};
\node [rectangle,inner sep=0.4em,fill=gray!20,draw=black,dashed,very thick,rounded corners=8pt] [fit = (n5)] (box5) {};
\end{pgfonlayer}
\node [anchor=east] (r1) at ([xshift=-2em,yshift=0em]box1.west) {词语RNN};
\node [anchor=south west,wnode] (l1) at ([xshift=1em,yshift=6em]r1.north west) {先序遍历句法树，得到序列：};
\node [anchor=north west,wnode,align=center] (l2) at ([xshift=0.5em,yshift=-0.6em]l1.north east) {S\\[0.5em]$l_1$};
\node [anchor=north west,wnode,align=center] (l3) at ([xshift=0.5em,yshift=0em]l2.north east) {NP\\[0.5em]$l_2$};
\node [anchor=north west,wnode,align=center] (l4) at ([xshift=0.5em,yshift=0em]l3.north east) {PRN\\[0.5em]$l_3$};
\node [anchor=north west,wnode,align=center] (l5) at ([xshift=0.5em,yshift=0em]l4.north east) {I\\[0.5em]$w_1$};
\node [anchor=north west,wnode,align=center] (l6) at ([xshift=0.5em,yshift=0em]l5.north east) {VP\\[0.5em]$l_4$};
\node [anchor=north west,wnode,align=center] (l7) at ([xshift=0.5em,yshift=0em]l6.north east) {VBP\\[0.5em]$l_5$};
\node [anchor=north west,wnode,align=center] (l8) at ([xshift=0.5em,yshift=0em]l7.north east) {love\\[0.5em]$w_2$};
\node [anchor=north west,wnode,align=center] (l9) at ([xshift=0.5em,yshift=0em]l8.north east) {NP\\[0.5em]$l_6$};
\node [anchor=north west,wnode,align=center] (l10) at ([xshift=0.5em,yshift=0em]l9.north east) {NNS\\[0.5em]$l_7$};
\node [anchor=north west,wnode,align=center] (l11) at ([xshift=0.5em,yshift=0em]l10.north east) {dogs\\[0.5em]$w_3$};
\draw [->,thick] ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]w1.north) -- ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]n1.south);
\draw [->,thick] ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]w2.north) -- ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]n2.south);
\draw [->,thick] ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]w3.north) -- ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]n3.south);
\draw [->,thick] ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]w4.north) -- ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]n4.south);
\draw [->,thick] ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]w5.north) -- ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]n5.south);
\draw [->,thick] ([xshift=0em,yshift=0.7em]dot4.north) -- ([xshift=0em,yshift=-0.7em]dot1.south);
\draw [->,thick] ([xshift=0em,yshift=0.7em]dot5.north) -- ([xshift=0em,yshift=-0.7em]dot2.south);
\draw [->,thick] ([xshift=0em,yshift=0.7em]dot6.north) -- ([xshift=0em,yshift=-0.7em]dot3.south);
\draw [<->,thick] ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]n1.east) -- ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]n2.west);
\draw [<->,thick] ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]n2.east) -- ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]dot1.west);
\draw [<->,thick] ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]dot1.east) -- ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]n3.west);
\draw [<->,thick] ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]n3.east) -- ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]dot2.west);
\draw [<->,thick] ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]dot2.east) -- ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]n4.west);
\draw [<->,thick] ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]n4.east) -- ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]dot3.west);
\draw [<->,thick] ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]dot3.east) -- ([xshift=0em,yshift=0em]n5.west);
\node [anchor=north] (label2) at ([xshift=-2em,yshift=-2em]w3.south) {(c)混合结构};
\end{scope}
}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{center}
\ No newline at end of file
Chapter17/Figures/figure-picture-translation.tex
\begin{tikzpicture}[node distance = 0]
\tikzstyle{every node}=[scale=0.9]
\tikzstyle{every node}=[scale=0.85]
\begin {scope}
\node[draw=white,scale=0.6] (input) at (0,0){\includegraphics[width=0.62\textwidth]{./Chapter17/Figures/figure-bank-without-attention.png}};(1.9,-1.4);
\node[anchor=south] (english1) at ([xshift=-0.4em,yshift=-3.5em]input.south) {\begin{tabular}{l}{\normalsize\bfnew{英语}}{\large{：A medium sized child}}\end{tabular}};
\node[anchor=south] (english2) at ([xshift=1.8em,yshift=-1.2em]english1.south) {\begin{tabular}{l}{\large{jumps off a dusty {\red{\underline{bank}}}.}} \end{tabular}};
\draw[decorate,decoration={brace,amplitude=4mm},very thick] ([xshift=7em]input.90) -- ([xshift=5.7em,yshift=0.5em]english2.270);
\node[anchor=west] (label1) at ([xshift=-3.5em]input.west) {\begin{tabular}{l}{\normalsize{图片：}}\end{tabular}};
\node[anchor=south] (label2) at ([yshift=-7.15em]label1.south) {\begin{tabular}{l}{\normalsize{源文：}}\end{tabular}};
\node[anchor=south] (english1) at ([xshift=-0.1em,yshift=-3.5em]input.south) {\begin{tabular}{l}{\large{A\,medium\,sized\,child\,jumps\,off}}\end{tabular}};
\node[anchor=south] (english2) at ([xshift=-3.3em,yshift=-1.2em]english1.south) {\begin{tabular}{l}{\large{a dusty {\red{\underline{bank}}}.}} \end{tabular}};
\draw[decorate,decoration={brace,amplitude=4mm},very thick] ([xshift=7em]input.90) -- ([xshift=10.4em,yshift=0.5em]english2.270);
\node[anchor=east,rectangle,thick,rounded corners,minimum width=3.5em,minimum height=2.5em,text centered,draw=black!70,fill=red!25](trans)at ([xshift=8em,yshift=5.3em]english1.east){\normalsize{翻译模型}};
\node[anchor=east,rectangle,thick,rounded corners,minimum width=3.5em,minimum height=2.5em,text centered,draw=black!70,fill=red!25](trans)at ([xshift=7.5em,yshift=5.1em]english1.east){\normalsize{翻译模型}};
\draw[->,very thick]([xshift=-1.65em]trans.west) to (trans.west);
\draw[->,very thick](trans.east) to ([xshift=1.65em]trans.east);
\node[anchor=east] (de1) at ([xshift=5.85cm,yshift=-0.1em]trans.east) {\begin{tabular}{l}{\normalsize\bfnew{汉语}}{\normalsize{：一个半大孩子从尘土飞扬}}\end{tabular}};
\node[anchor=south] (de2) at ([xshift=0em,yshift=-1.5em]de1.south) {\begin{tabular}{l}{\normalsize{的{\red{\underline{河床}}}上跳下来。}} \end{tabular}};
\draw[->,very thick]([xshift=-1.4em]trans.west) to (trans.west);
\draw[->,very thick](trans.east) to ([xshift=1.4em]trans.east);
\node[anchor=east] (de1) at ([xshift=4.9cm,yshift=-0.1em]trans.east) {\begin{tabular}{l}{\normalsize{译文：}}{\normalsize{一个半大孩子从尘土}}\end{tabular}};
\node[anchor=south] (de2) at ([xshift=1.65em,yshift=-1.5em]de1.south) {\begin{tabular}{l}{\normalsize{飞扬的{\red{\underline{河床}}}上跳下来。}} \end{tabular}};
\end {scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
\ No newline at end of file
bibliography.bib
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year = {2017}
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publisher = {CoRR},
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author = {Iulian Vlad Serban and
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}
%%%%% chapter 13------------------------------------------------------
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