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合并分支 'caorunzhe' 到 'shanweiqiao' 

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Chapter1/Figures/comparison-between-interlingua-based-and-transfer-based-translation.tex
......@@ -14,10 +14,10 @@
\node [datanode,anchor=north] (s4) at ([yshift=-4.5em]s3.south) {{ \small{语言4}}};
\node [circle,anchor=north west,inner sep=2pt,fill=blue!20] (m1) at ([xshift=0.8em,yshift=-0.5em]s1.south east) {{ \small{中间语言}}};
\draw [<->,very thick] (s1.south) -- (m1.west);
\draw [<->,very thick] (s2.north) -- (m1.west);
\draw [<->,very thick] (s3.south) -- (m1.east);
\draw [<->,very thick] (s4.north) -- (m1.east);
\draw [<->,very thick] (s1.south) -- (m1.170);
\draw [<->,very thick] (s2.north) -- (m1.190);
\draw [<->,very thick] (s3.south) -- (m1.10);
\draw [<->,very thick] (s4.north) -- (m1.-10);
\node [anchor=north] (l) at ([xshift=5em,yshift=-1em]s2.south) {\footnotesize{(a) 基于中间语言的方法}};
......
Chapter3/Figures/figure-a-simple-pre-processing-process.tex 0 → 100644
\definecolor{ublue}{rgb}{0.152,0.250,0.545}
\definecolor{ugreen}{rgb}{0,0.5,0}
%%% outline
%-------------------------------------------------------------------------
\vspace{0.5em}
\begin{tikzpicture}
{\small
\node [ugreen] (input) at (0,0) {猫喜欢吃鱼};
\node [draw,thick,anchor=west,ublue] (preprocessing) at ([xshift=1em]input.east) {分词系统};
\node [ugreen,anchor=west] (mtinput) at ([xshift=1em]preprocessing.east) {猫/喜欢/吃/鱼};
\node [draw,thick,anchor=west,ublue] (smt) at ([xshift=1em]mtinput.east) {MT系统};
\node [anchor=west] (mtoutput) at ([xshift=1em]smt.east) {...};
\draw [->,thick,ublue] ([xshift=0.1em]input.east) -- ([xshift=-0.2em]preprocessing.west);
\draw [->,thick,ublue] ([xshift=0.2em]preprocessing.east) -- ([xshift=-0.1em]mtinput.west);
\draw [->,thick,ublue] ([xshift=0.1em]mtinput.east) -- ([xshift=-0.2em]smt.west);
\draw [->,thick,ublue] ([xshift=0.2em]smt.east) -- ([xshift=-0.1em]mtoutput.west);
}
\end{tikzpicture}
%---------------------------------------------------------------------
Chapter3/Figures/figure-analysis-of-sentence-participle&syntactic.tex 0 → 100644
%%% outline
%-------------------------------------------------------------------------
\vspace{0.3em}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{scope}[scale=1.0,level distance=30pt,sibling distance=15pt,grow'=up]
{
\Tree[.\node(sn0){IP};
[.\node(sn1){NP};
[.\node(sn2){NN}; \node(sw1){猫}; ]
]
[.\node(sn3){VP};
[.\node(sn4){VV}; \node(sw2){喜欢}; ]
[.\node(sn5){VP}; \edge[roof]; \node(sw3){吃 \ 鱼}; ]
]
]
}
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
%---------------------------------------------------------------------
Chapter3/Figures/figure-crf-to-deal-with-sequence-problems.tex 0 → 100644
\begin{tikzpicture}
\tikzstyle{hide} = [draw,line width=1pt,inner sep=2pt,fill=green!30,minimum size=2em]
\node[hide] (y1) at (0,0){$y_1$};
\node[anchor=west,hide](y2)at([xshift=2em]y1.east){$y_2$};
\node[anchor=west,hide](y3)at([xshift=2em]y2.east){$y_3$};
\node[anchor=west,line width=1pt,inner sep=2pt,minimum size=2em](dots)at([xshift=2em]y3.east){$\cdots$};
\node[anchor=west,hide](yn-1)at([xshift=2em]dots.east){$y_{n-1}$};
\node[anchor=west,hide](yn)at([xshift=2em]yn-1.east){$y_n$};
\node[anchor=north,draw,line width=1pt,inner sep=2pt,fill=red!30,minimum height=2em,minimum width=12em](see)at ([yshift=-3em,xshift=2em]y3.south){$X=x_1,x_2,\ldots,x_{n-1},x_n$};
\node[anchor=south,font=\footnotesize] at ([yshift=1em,xshift=2em]y3.north){(待预测的隐藏状态序列)};
\node[anchor=north,font=\footnotesize] at ([yshift=-1em]see.south){(可见状态序列)};
\draw[line width=1pt] (y1.east) -- (y2.west);
\draw[line width=1pt] (y2.east) -- (y3.west);
\draw[line width=1pt] (y3.east) -- (dots.west);
\draw[line width=1pt] (dots.east) -- (yn-1.west);
\draw[line width=1pt] (yn-1.east) -- (yn.west);
\draw[line width=1pt] (y1.south) -- (see.north);
\draw[line width=1pt] (y2.south) -- (see.north);
\draw[line width=1pt] (y3.south) -- (see.north);
\draw[line width=1pt] (yn-1.south) -- (see.north);
\draw[line width=1pt] (yn.south) -- (see.north);
\end{tikzpicture}
\ No newline at end of file
Chapter3/Figures/figure-cross-type-word-segmentation-ambiguity.tex 0 → 100644
\definecolor{ublue}{rgb}{0.152,0.250,0.545}
\definecolor{ugreen}{rgb}{0,0.5,0}
%%% outline
%-------------------------------------------------------------------------
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{scope}
{
{\small
\node [anchor=north west] (entry1) at (0,0) {\textbf{1:} 很};
\node [anchor=north west] (entry2) at ([yshift=0.1em]entry1.south west) {\textbf{2:} 高};
\node [anchor=north west] (entry3) at ([yshift=0.1em]entry2.south west) {\textbf{3:} 现在};
\node [anchor=north west] (entry4) at ([yshift=0.1em]entry3.south west) {\textbf{4:} 物价};
\node [anchor=north west] (entry5) at ([yshift=0.1em]entry4.south west) {\textbf{5:} 确实};
\node [anchor=north west] (entry6) at ([yshift=0.1em]entry5.south west) {\textbf{6:} 实现};
\node [anchor=south west] (dictionarylabel) at (entry1.north west) {{\color{ublue} 分词词典}};
}
}
\begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
{
\node[rectangle,draw=ublue, inner sep=0.2em] [fit = (entry1) (entry2) (entry3) (entry4) (entry5) (entry6) (dictionarylabel)] {};
}
\end{pgfonlayer}
\end{scope}
{
\begin{scope}[xshift=1.2in,yshift=1em]
\node [anchor=west] (c1) at (0,0) {确};
\node [anchor=west] (c2) at ([xshift=0em]c1.east) {实};
\node [anchor=west] (c3) at ([xshift=0em]c2.east) {现};
\node [anchor=west] (c4) at ([xshift=0em]c3.east) {在};
\node [anchor=west] (c5) at ([xshift=0em]c4.east) {物};
\node [anchor=west] (c6) at ([xshift=0em]c5.east) {价};
\node [anchor=west] (c7) at ([xshift=0em]c6.east) {很};
\node [anchor=west] (c8) at ([xshift=0em]c7.east) {高};
\end{scope}
}
{
\node [anchor=west,thick,draw,minimum width=3.4em,minimum height=1.5em] (w1) at (c3.west){};
\draw [->,thick] (entry3.30) ..controls +(70:1) and +(south:1.5).. ([xshift=0.3em]w1.south) node [pos=0.5, above] {\footnotesize{命中}};
}
{
\node [anchor=west,very thick,draw,dotted,minimum width=3.4em,minimum height=1.9em,red] (w3) at (c2.west){};
\draw [->,very thick,dotted,red] ([yshift=-0.2em]entry6.30) ..controls +(60:2) and +(south:3).. ([xshift=-0.6em]w3.south) node [pos=0.5, below] {\color{red}{\footnotesize{命中}}};
}
\end{tikzpicture}
%---------------------------------------------------------------------
Chapter3/Figures/figure-evaluation-of-probability-for-grammar.tex 0 → 100644
\definecolor{ublue}{rgb}{0.152,0.250,0.545}
\definecolor{ugreen}{rgb}{0,0.5,0}
%%% outline
%-------------------------------------------------------------------------
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{scope}[sibling distance=0pt,level distance=17pt]
{\footnotesize
\Tree[.\node[inner sep=2pt](t1n1){IP};
[.\node[inner sep=2pt](t1n2){NP};
[.\node[inner sep=2pt](t1n3){NN}; 狗 ]
]
[.\node[inner sep=2pt](t1n4){VP};
[.\node[inner sep=2pt](t1n5){VV}; 喜欢 ]
[.\node[inner sep=2pt](t1n6){VP};
[.\node[inner sep=2pt](t1n7){VV}; 吃 ]
[.\node[inner sep=2pt](t1n8){NN}; 骨头 ]
]
]
]
}
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}[sibling distance=0pt,level distance=17pt,yshift=-7em]
{\footnotesize
\Tree[.\node[inner sep=2pt](t2n1){IP};
[.\node[inner sep=2pt](t2n2){VP};
[.\node[inner sep=2pt](t2n3){VV}; \node[](t2w1){请}; ]
]
[.\node[inner sep=2pt](t2n4){IP};
[.\node[inner sep=2pt](t2n5){VP};
[.\node[inner sep=2pt](t2n6){VV}; 看 ]
]
[.\node[inner sep=2pt](t2n7){NP};
[.\node[inner sep=2pt](t2n8){QP};
[.\node[inner sep=2pt](t2n9){CD}; 一 ]
[.\node[inner sep=2pt](t2n10){M}; 个 ]
]
[.\node[inner sep=2pt](t2n11){ADJP};
[.\node[inner sep=2pt](t2n12){JJ}; 新 ]
]
[.\node[inner sep=2pt](t2n13){NP};
[.\node[inner sep=2pt](t2n14){NN}; \node[](t2wn){句子}; ]
]
]
]
]
}
\end{scope}
\node [anchor=south] (treebanklabel) at (t1n1.north) {{\color{ublue} 数据：树库}};
\begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
\node[rectangle,draw=ublue, inner sep=0.2em] [fit = (treebanklabel) (t1n1) (t2w1) (t2wn)] (treebank) {};
\end{pgfonlayer}
\node [anchor=north west] (math1) at ([xshift=2em]treebank.north east) {P(VP $\to$ VV NN)};
\node [anchor=north west] (math1part2) at ([xshift=-1em,yshift=0.2em]math1.south west) {$=\frac{\textrm{``VP''和``VV NN''同时出现的次数=1}}{\textrm{``VP''出现的次数}=4}$};
\node [anchor=north west] (math1part3) at ([yshift=0.2em]math1part2.south west){$=\frac{1}{4}$};
\node [anchor=north west] (math2) at ([yshift=-6em]math1.north west) {P(NP $\to$ NN)};
\node [anchor=north west] (math2part2) at ([xshift=-1em,yshift=0.2em]math2.south west) {$=\frac{\textrm{``NP''和``NN''同时出现的次数=2}}{\textrm{``NP''出现的次数}=3}$};
\node [anchor=north west] (math2part3) at ([yshift=0.2em]math2part2.south west){$=\frac{2}{3}$};
\node [anchor=north west] (math3) at ([yshift=-6em]math2.north west) {P(IP $\to$ NP NP)};
\node [anchor=north west] (math3part2) at ([xshift=-1em,yshift=0.2em]math3.south west) {$=\frac{\textrm{``IP''和``NP NP''同时出现的次数=0}}{\textrm{``IP''出现的次数}=3}$};
\node [anchor=north west] (math3part3) at ([yshift=0.2em]math3part2.south west){$=\frac{0}{3}$};
\begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
\path [] (t1n4.north east) -- (t1n4.north west) -- (t1n4.south west) -- (t1n4.south east);
\path [] (t1n6.north east) -- (t1n6.north west) -- (t1n6.south west) -- (t1n6.south east);
\path [] (t2n2.north east) -- (t2n2.north west) -- (t2n2.south west) -- (t2n2.south east);
\path [] (t2n5.north east) -- (t2n5.north west) -- (t2n5.south west) -- (t2n5.south east);
\path [] (t1n6.north west) -- (t1n7.north west) -- (t1n7.south west) -- (t1n8.south east) -- (t1n8.north east) -- (t1n6.north east);
\path [] (t1n2.north east) -- (t1n2.north west) -- (t1n2.south west) -- (t1n2.south east);
\path [] (t2n7.north east) -- (t2n7.north west) -- (t2n7.south west) -- (t2n7.south east);
\path [] (t2n13.north east) -- (t2n13.north west) -- (t2n13.south west) -- (t2n13.south east);
\path [] (t1n2.north west) -- (t1n3.south west) -- (t1n3.south east) -- (t1n2.north east) -- (t1n2.north west);
\path [] (t2n13.north west) -- (t2n14.south west) -- (t2n14.south east) -- (t2n13.north east) -- (t2n13.north west);
\path [] (t1n1.north east) -- (t1n1.north west) -- (t1n1.south west) -- (t1n1.south east);
\path [] (t2n4.north east) -- (t2n4.north west) -- (t2n4.south west) -- (t2n4.south east);
\path [] (t2n1.north east) -- (t2n1.north west) -- (t2n1.south west) -- (t2n1.south east);
\end{pgfonlayer}
\end{tikzpicture}
%---------------------------------------------------------------------
Chapter3/Figures/figure-example-of-derivation.tex 0 → 100644
\definecolor{ublue}{rgb}{0.152,0.250,0.545}
\definecolor{ugreen}{rgb}{0,0.5,0}
%%% outline
%-------------------------------------------------------------------------
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.38\linewidth}
{\small
\begin{eqnarray}
& &\textrm{IP} \nonumber \\
& \overset{r_8}{\Rightarrow} & \textrm{NP VP} \nonumber \\
& \overset{r_5}{\Rightarrow} & \textrm{NN VP} \nonumber \\
& \overset{r_1}{\Rightarrow} & \textrm{猫 VP} \nonumber \\
& \overset{r_7}{\Rightarrow} & \textrm{猫 VV VP} \nonumber \\
& \overset{r_2}{\Rightarrow} & \textrm{猫 喜欢 VP} \nonumber \\
& \overset{r_6}{\Rightarrow} & \textrm{猫 喜欢 VV NN} \nonumber \\
& \overset{r_3}{\Rightarrow} & \textrm{猫 喜欢 吃 NN} \nonumber \\
& \overset{r_4}{\Rightarrow} & \textrm{猫 喜欢 吃 鱼} \nonumber
\end{eqnarray}
}
\end{minipage}
\hfill
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.55\linewidth}
\vspace{1.0em}
\begin{center}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{scope}
{\scriptsize
\node [anchor=west,inner sep=2pt] (r1) at (0,0) {$r_1$: NN $\to$ 猫};
\node [anchor=west,inner sep=2pt] (r2) at ([xshift=3em]r1.east) {$r_2$: VV $\to$ 喜欢};
\node [anchor=north west,inner sep=2pt] (r3) at ([yshift=-0.2em]r1.south west) {$r_3$: VV $\to$ 吃};
\node [anchor=north west,inner sep=2pt] (r4) at ([yshift=-0.2em]r2.south west) {$r_4$: NN $\to$ 鱼};
\node [anchor=north west,inner sep=2pt] (r5) at ([yshift=-0.2em]r3.south west) {$r_5$: NP $\to$ NN};
\node [anchor=north west,inner sep=2pt] (r6) at ([yshift=-0.2em]r4.south west) {$r_6$: VP $\to$ VV NN};
\node [anchor=north west,inner sep=2pt] (r7) at ([yshift=-0.2em]r5.south west) {$r_7$: VP $\to$ VV VP};
\node [anchor=north west,inner sep=2pt] (r8) at ([yshift=-0.2em]r6.south west) {$r_8$: IP $\to$ NP VP};
\node [anchor=west,inner sep=2pt] (r1) at (0,0) {$r_1$: NN $\to$ 猫};
\node [anchor=west,inner sep=2pt] (r2) at ([xshift=3em]r1.east) {$r_2$: VV $\to$ 喜欢};
\node [anchor=north west,inner sep=2pt] (r3) at ([yshift=-0.2em]r1.south west) {$r_3$: VV $\to$ 吃};
\node [anchor=north west,inner sep=2pt] (r4) at ([yshift=-0.2em]r2.south west) {$r_4$: NN $\to$ 鱼};
\node [anchor=north west,inner sep=2pt] (r5) at ([yshift=-0.2em]r3.south west) {$r_5$: NP $\to$ NN};
\node [anchor=north west,inner sep=2pt] (r6) at ([yshift=-0.2em]r4.south west) {$r_6$: VP $\to$ VV NN};
\node [anchor=north west,inner sep=2pt] (r7) at ([yshift=-0.2em]r5.south west) {$r_7$: VP $\to$ VV VP};
\node [anchor=north west,inner sep=2pt] (r8) at ([yshift=-0.2em]r6.south west) {$r_8$: IP $\to$ NP VP};
}
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}[xshift=4.5em,yshift=-5.5em,level distance=20pt,sibling distance=13pt]
\Tree[.IP \edge[white];
[.{\color{white} NP} \edge[white];
[.{\color{white} NN} \edge[white]; \node[white](sw1){猫}; ]
] \edge[white];
[.{\color{white} VP} \edge[white];
[.{\color{white} VV} \edge[white]; \node[white](sw2){喜欢}; ] \edge[white];
[.{\color{white} VP} \edge[white];
[.{\color{white} VV} \edge[white]; \node[white](sw1){吃}; ] \edge[white];
[.{\color{white} NN} \edge[white]; \node[white](sw1){鱼}; ]
]
]
]
\Tree[.IP
[.NP \edge[white];
[.{\color{white} NN} \edge[white]; \node[white](sw1){猫}; ]
]
[.VP \edge[white];
[.{\color{white} VV} \edge[white]; \node[white](sw2){喜欢}; ] \edge[white];
[.{\color{white} VP} \edge[white];
[.{\color{white} VV} \edge[white]; \node[white](sw1){吃}; ] \edge[white];
[.{\color{white} NN} \edge[white]; \node[white](sw1){鱼}; ]
]
]
]
\Tree[.IP
[.NP
[.NN \edge[white]; \node[white](sw1){猫}; ]
]
[.VP \edge[white];
[.{\color{white} VV} \edge[white]; \node[white](sw2){喜欢}; ] \edge[white];
[.{\color{white} VP} \edge[white];
[.{\color{white} VV} \edge[white]; \node[white](sw1){吃}; ] \edge[white];
[.{\color{white} NN} \edge[white]; \node[white](sw1){鱼}; ]
]
]
]
\Tree[.IP
[.NP
[.NN \node(sw1){猫}; ]
]
[.VP \edge[white];
[.{\color{white} VV} \edge[white]; \node[white](sw2){喜欢}; ] \edge[white];
[.{\color{white} VP} \edge[white];
[.{\color{white} VV} \edge[white]; \node[white](sw1){吃}; ] \edge[white];
[.{\color{white} NN} \edge[white]; \node[white](sw1){鱼}; ]
]
]
]
\Tree[.IP
[.NP
[.NN \node(sw1){猫}; ]
]
[.VP
[.VV \edge[white]; \node[white](sw2){喜欢}; ]
[.VP \edge[white];
[.{\color{white} VV} \edge[white]; \node[white](sw1){吃}; ] \edge[white];
[.{\color{white} NN} \edge[white]; \node[white](sw1){鱼}; ]
]
]
]
\Tree[.IP
[.NP
[.NN \node(sw1){猫}; ]
]
[.VP
[.VV \node(sw2){喜欢}; ]
[.VP \edge[white];
[.{\color{white} VV} \edge[white]; \node[white](sw1){吃}; ] \edge[white];
[.{\color{white} NN} \edge[white]; \node[white](sw1){鱼}; ]
]
]
]
\Tree[.IP
[.NP
[.NN \node(sw1){猫}; ]
]
[.VP
[.VV \node(sw2){喜欢}; ]
[.VP
[.VV \edge[white]; \node[white](sw1){吃}; ]
[.NN \edge[white]; \node[white](sw1){鱼}; ]
]
]
]
\Tree[.IP
[.NP
[.NN \node(sw1){猫}; ]
]
[.VP
[.VV \node(sw2){喜欢}; ]
[.VP
[.VV \node(sw1){吃}; ]
[.NN \node(sw1){鱼}; ]
]
]
]
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{center}
\end{minipage}
%---------------------------------------------------------------------
Chapter3/Figures/figure-example-of-hmm-in-coin-toss.tex 0 → 100644
\begin{tikzpicture}
\tikzstyle{hide} = [draw,inner sep=2pt,line width=1pt,align=center,drop shadow,fill=green!20,font=\footnotesize,minimum height=1.8em,minimum width=1.8em]
\tikzstyle{see} = [draw,inner sep=2pt,line width=1pt,align=center,drop shadow,fill=red!30,font=\footnotesize,minimum height=1.2em,minimum width=1.2em,circle]
\node[hide] (h1) at (0,0){C};
\node[hide,anchor=west] (h2) at ([xshift=2em]h1.east){B};
\node[hide,anchor=west] (h3) at ([xshift=2em]h2.east){A};
\node[hide,anchor=west] (h4) at ([xshift=2em]h3.east){B};
\node[hide,anchor=west] (h5) at ([xshift=2em]h4.east){C};
\node[hide,anchor=west] (h6) at ([xshift=2em]h5.east){A};
\node[see,anchor=north] (s1) at ([yshift=-1.6em]h1.south){正};
\node[see,anchor=north] (s2) at ([yshift=-1.6em]h2.south){正};
\node[see,anchor=north] (s3) at ([yshift=-1.6em]h3.south){反};
\node[see,anchor=north] (s4) at ([yshift=-1.6em]h4.south){反};
\node[see,anchor=north] (s5) at ([yshift=-1.6em]h5.south){正};
\node[see,anchor=north] (s6) at ([yshift=-1.6em]h6.south){反};
\draw[->,line width=1.4pt] (h1.east) -- node[above]{$\frac{1}{3}$}(h2.west);
\draw[->,line width=1.4pt] (h2.east) -- node[above]{$\frac{1}{3}$}(h3.west);
\draw[->,line width=1.4pt] (h3.east) -- node[above]{$\frac{1}{3}$}(h4.west);
\draw[->,line width=1.4pt] (h4.east) -- node[above]{$\frac{1}{3}$}(h5.west);
\draw[->,line width=1.4pt] (h5.east) -- node[above]{$\frac{1}{3}$}(h6.west);
\draw[->,line width=1.4pt,blue!60] (h1.south) -- node[right,black]{\footnotesize $0.7$}(s1.north);
\draw[->,line width=1.4pt,blue!60] (h2.south) -- node[right,black]{\footnotesize $0.5$}(s2.north);
\draw[->,line width=1.4pt,blue!60] (h3.south) -- node[right,black]{\footnotesize $0.7$}(s3.north);
\draw[->,line width=1.4pt,blue!60] (h4.south) -- node[right,black]{\footnotesize $0.5$}(s4.north);
\draw[->,line width=1.4pt,blue!60] (h5.south) -- node[right,black]{\footnotesize $0.7$}(s5.north);
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\node[anchor=north,font=\footnotesize] (note) at ([xshift=0.4em,yshift=-1.4em]s1.south){图示说明：};
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\node[anchor=west,font=\scriptsize] at ([xshift=0.2em]one_h.east){一个隐含状态};
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\node[anchor=west,align=left,font=\scriptsize] at ([xshift=9.2em]one_h.east){从一个隐含状态到下一个隐含状态\\的转换，该过程隐含着转移概率};
\draw[->,line width=1.4pt,blue!60] ([yshift=-2em,xshift=8.5em]one_h.east) --([yshift=-3em,xshift=8.5em]one_h.east) ;
\node[anchor=west,align=left,font=\scriptsize] at ([yshift=-2.5em,xshift=9.2em]one_h.east){从一个隐含状态到可见状态的输出\\，该过程隐含着发射概率};
\end{tikzpicture}
\ No newline at end of file
Chapter3/Figures/figure-example-of-hmm.tex 0 → 100644
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\node[anchor=south west,align=center,font=\tiny] at ([yshift=-1.4em,xshift=-1.2em]o.45){$i+1$位置\\隐藏状态};
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\end{tikzpicture}
\ No newline at end of file
Chapter3/Figures/figure-example-of-word-segmentation-based-on-dictionary.tex 0 → 100644
\definecolor{ublue}{rgb}{0.152,0.250,0.545}
\definecolor{ugreen}{rgb}{0,0.5,0}
%%% outline
%-------------------------------------------------------------------------
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{scope}
{
{\small
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\node [anchor=north west] (entry2) at ([yshift=0.1em]entry1.south west) {\textbf{2:} 高};
\node [anchor=north west] (entry3) at ([yshift=0.1em]entry2.south west) {\textbf{3:} 现在};
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\node [anchor=north west] (entry5) at ([yshift=0.1em]entry4.south west) {\textbf{5:} 确实};
\node [anchor=north west] (entry6) at ([yshift=0.1em]entry5.south west) {\textbf{6:} 实现};
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{
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\node [anchor=west] (c3) at ([xshift=0em]c2.east) {现};
\node [anchor=west] (c4) at ([xshift=0em]c3.east) {在};
\node [anchor=west] (c5) at ([xshift=0em]c4.east) {物};
\node [anchor=west] (c6) at ([xshift=0em]c5.east) {价};
\node [anchor=west] (c7) at ([xshift=0em]c6.east) {很};
\node [anchor=west] (c8) at ([xshift=0em]c7.east) {高};
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\begin{scope}[xshift=1.2in,yshift=-4em]
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\node [anchor=west] (bc1) at (0,0) {确};
\node [anchor=west] (bc2) at ([xshift=0em]bc1.east) {实};
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{
\node [anchor=west] (bc3) at ([xshift=0em]bc2.east) {现};
\node [anchor=west] (bc4) at ([xshift=0em]bc3.east) {在};
}
{
\node [anchor=west] (bc5) at ([xshift=0em]bc4.east) {物};
\node [anchor=west] (bc6) at ([xshift=0em]bc5.east) {价};
}
{
\node [anchor=west] (bc7) at ([xshift=0em]bc6.east) {很};
}
{
\node [anchor=west] (bc8) at ([xshift=0em]bc7.east) {高};
}
{
\draw [-,very thick] ([xshift=-0.3em,yshift=0.1em]bc2.south east) -- ([xshift=0.3em,yshift=-0.1em]bc3.north west);
}
{
\draw [-,very thick] ([xshift=-0.3em,yshift=0.1em]bc4.south east) -- ([xshift=0.3em,yshift=-0.1em]bc5.north west);
}
{
\draw [-,very thick] ([xshift=-0.3em,yshift=0.1em]bc6.south east) -- ([xshift=0.3em,yshift=-0.1em]bc7.north west);
}
{
\draw [-,very thick] ([xshift=-0.3em,yshift=0.1em]bc7.south east) -- ([xshift=0.3em,yshift=-0.1em]bc8.north west);
}
\end{scope}
{
\draw [<-,thick] ([yshift=-0.2em]c1.north west) -- ([yshift=0.2em]c1.north west);
\node [anchor=south] (b1) at ([yshift=0.0em]c1.north west) {\scriptsize{起始}};
}
{
\draw [<-,thick] ([yshift=-0.2em]c3.north west) -- ([yshift=0.2em]c3.north west);
\node [anchor=south] (b2) at ([yshift=0.0em]c3.north west) {\scriptsize{起始}};
}
{
\draw [<-,thick] ([yshift=-0.2em]c5.north west) -- ([yshift=0.2em]c5.north west);
\node [anchor=south] (b3) at ([yshift=0.0em]c5.north west) {\scriptsize{起始}};
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{
\draw [<-,thick] ([yshift=-0.2em]c7.north west) -- ([yshift=0.2em]c7.north west);
\node [anchor=south] (b4) at ([yshift=0.0em]c7.north west) {\scriptsize{起始}};
}
{
\draw [<-,thick] ([yshift=-0.2em]c8.north west) -- ([yshift=0.2em]c8.north west);
\node [anchor=south] (b5) at ([yshift=0.0em]c8.north west) {\scriptsize{起始}};
}
{
\node [anchor=west,thick,draw,red,minimum width=1.6em,minimum height=1.3em] (w18) at ([xshift=0.1em]c8.west){};
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\end{tikzpicture}
Chapter3/Figures/figure-examples-of-chinese-word-segmentation-based-on-1-gram-model.tex 0 → 100644
\definecolor{ublue}{rgb}{0.152,0.250,0.545}
\definecolor{ugreen}{rgb}{0,0.5,0}
%%% outline
%-------------------------------------------------------------------------
\begin{tikzpicture}
{\scriptsize
\node [anchor=north west] (entry1) at (0,0) {\textbf{1:} 这 / 是 / 数据};
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\node [anchor=north west] (entry3) at ([yshift=0.1em]entry2.south west) {\textbf{3:} 确实 / 有 / 很 / 多};
\node [anchor=north west] (entry4) at ([yshift=0.1em]entry3.south west) {...};
\node [anchor=south west] (corpuslabel) at (entry1.north west) {{\color{ublue} \textbf{学习用数据}}};
\begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
\node[rectangle,draw=ublue,thick,inner sep=0.2em,fill=white,drop shadow] [fit = (entry1) (entry2) (entry3) (entry4) (corpuslabel)] (corpus) {};
\end{pgfonlayer}
}
\node [anchor=west,ugreen] (P) at ([xshift=5.2em,yshift=-0.8em]corpus.east){\large{\funp{P}($\cdot$)}};
\node [anchor=south] (modellabel) at (P.north) {{\color{ublue} {\scriptsize \textbf{统计模型}}}};
\begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
\node[rectangle,draw=ublue,thick,inner sep=0.2em,fill=white,drop shadow] [fit = (P) (modellabel)] (model) {};
\end{pgfonlayer}
\draw [->,very thick,ublue] ([xshift=0.2em]corpus.east) -- ([xshift=4.2em]corpus.east) node [pos=0.5, above] {\color{red}{\scriptsize{统计学习}}};
\draw [->,very thick,ublue] ([xshift=0.2em]model.east) -- ([xshift=4.2em]model.east) node [pos=0.5, above] {\color{red}{\scriptsize{搜索\&计算}}};
{\scriptsize
\node [anchor=north west] (sentlabel) at ([xshift=6.2em,yshift=-1em]model.north east) {\color{red}{自动分词系统}};
\node [anchor=north west] (sent) at (sentlabel.south west) {\textbf{对任意句子进行分词}};
}
\begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
\node[rectangle,draw=ublue,thick,inner sep=0.2em,fill=white,drop shadow] [fit = (sentlabel) (sent)] (segsystem) {};
\end{pgfonlayer}
{\footnotesize
{
\node [anchor=west] (label1) at (0,6em) {实际上，通过学习我们得到了一个分词模型\funp{P}($\cdot$)，给定任意的分词结果};
\node [anchor=north west] (label1part2) at ([yshift=0.5em]label1.south west) {$W=w_1 w_2...w_n$，都能通过\funp{P}($W$)=$\funp{P}(w_1) \cdot \funp{P}(w_2) \cdot ... \cdot \funp{P}(w_n)$ 计算这种分词的\hspace{0.13em} };
\node [anchor=north west] (label1part3) at ([yshift=0.5em]label1part2.south west) {概率值};
}
\begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
{
\node[rectangle,fill=blue!10,thick,dotted,inner sep=0.2em] [fit = (label1) (label1part2) (label1part3)] (label1content) {};
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{
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}
{\footnotesize
{
\node [anchor=west] (label1) at (0,-6.8em) {\textbf{自动分词系统}：对任意的数据句子$S$，找到最佳的分词结果$W^{*}$输出};
}
{
\node [anchor=north west] (label2) at (label1.south west) {假设输入$S$=“确实现在数据很多”};
}
{
\node [anchor=north west,draw,thick,inner sep=2pt] (data11) at (label2.south west) {枚举所有可能的切分};
}
{
\node [anchor=west,draw,thick,inner sep=2pt] (data12) at ([xshift=4em]data11.east) {计算每种切分的概率};
}
{
\node [anchor=west,draw,thick,inner sep=2pt] (data13) at ([xshift=4.0em]data12.east) {选择最佳结果};
}
{
\draw [->,thick] ([xshift=0.1em]data11.east) -- ([xshift=-0.1em]data12.west);
}
{
\draw [->,thick] ([xshift=0.1em]data12.east) -- ([xshift=-0.1em]data13.west);
}
{\scriptsize
{
\node [anchor=north west] (data21) at (data11.south west) {确/实现/在/数/据很/多};
}
{
\node [anchor=north west] (data22) at (data12.south west) {$\funp{P}(\textrm{确}) \cdot \funp{P}(\textrm{实现}) \cdot \funp{P}(\textrm{在}) \cdot \funp{P}(\textrm{数}) \cdot $};
}
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\node [anchor=north west,minimum height=1.6em] (data31) at ([yshift=0.3em]data21.south west) {};
{
\node [anchor=north west] (data32) at ([yshift=0.3em]data22.south west) {$\funp{P}(\textrm{据很}) \cdot \funp{P}(\textrm{多}) = 2.13 \times 10^{-45}$};
}
\node [anchor=north west,minimum height=1.6em] (data33) at ([yshift=0.3em]data23.south west) {};
{
\node [anchor=north west] (data41) at (data31.south west) {确实/现在/数据/很多};
}
{
\node [anchor=north west] (data42) at (data32.south west) {$\funp{P}(\textrm{确实}) \cdot \funp{P}(\textrm{现在}) \cdot \funp{P}(\textrm{数据}) \cdot $};
}
{
\node [anchor=north west] (data43) at ([yshift=-0.2em,xshift=-2em]data33.south west) {\color{red}{\textbf{输出}}};
\draw [->,red,thick] (data43.west)--([xshift=-1em]data43.west);
}
{
\node [anchor=north west] (data51) at (data41.south west) {...};
}
{
\node [anchor=north west] (data52) at ([yshift=0.3em]data42.south west) {$\funp{P}(\textrm{很}) \cdot \funp{P}(\textrm{多}) = 1.54 \times 10^{-25}$};
}
\node [anchor=north west] (data53) at ([yshift=0.3em]data43.south west) {};
}
}
\begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
{
\node[rectangle,fill=blue!10,thick,dotted,inner sep=0.1em] [fit = (label1) (data11) (data13) (data51) (data52) (data53)] (segcontent) {};
}
\end{pgfonlayer}
{
\draw [-,thick,red,dotted] (segcontent.north) ..controls +(north:0.7) and +(south:0.7).. (segsystem.south);
}
\end{tikzpicture}
Chapter3/Figures/figure-labeling-named-entities-in-bio-format.tex 0 → 100644
\begin{tikzpicture}
\tikzstyle{unit} = [draw,inner sep=2pt,line width=0.8pt,align=center,drop shadow,fill=red!30,font=\footnotesize,minimum height=1.2em,minimum width=1.8em]
\tikzstyle{lab} = [inner sep=0pt,align=center,rotate=-90,font=\scriptsize]
\node[unit] (n11) at (0,0){北京};
\node[anchor=west,inner sep=0pt,font=\footnotesize] at ([xshift=0.5em]n11.east){\Large{/}};
\node[unit,anchor=west] (n12) at ([xshift=1.2em]n11.east){是};
\node[anchor=west,inner sep=0pt,font=\footnotesize] at ([xshift=0.5em]n12.east){\Large{/}};
\node[unit,anchor=west] (n13) at ([xshift=1.2em]n12.east){中华};
\node[anchor=west,inner sep=0pt,font=\footnotesize] at ([xshift=0.5em]n13.east){\Large{/}};
\node[unit,anchor=west] (n14) at ([xshift=1.2em]n13.east){人民};
\node[anchor=west,inner sep=0pt,font=\footnotesize] at ([xshift=0.5em]n14.east){\Large{/}};
\node[unit,anchor=west] (n15) at ([xshift=1.2em]n14.east){共和};
\node[anchor=west,inner sep=0pt,font=\footnotesize] at ([xshift=0.5em]n15.east){\Large{/}};
\node[unit,anchor=west] (n16) at ([xshift=1.2em]n15.east){国};
\node[anchor=west,inner sep=0pt,font=\footnotesize] at ([xshift=0.5em]n16.east){\Large{/}};
\node[unit,anchor=west] (n17) at ([xshift=1.2em]n16.east){的};
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\node[unit,anchor=west] (n18) at ([xshift=1.2em]n17.east){首都};
\node[lab,anchor=north] at ([yshift=-1.4em,xshift=0.2em]n11.south){B-GPE};
\node[lab,anchor=north] at ([yshift=-0.8em,xshift=0.2em]n12.south){O};
\node[lab,anchor=north] at ([yshift=-1.4em,xshift=0.2em]n13.south){B-GPE};
\node[lab,anchor=north] at ([yshift=-1.4em,xshift=0.2em]n14.south){I-GPE};
\node[lab,anchor=north] at ([yshift=-1.4em,xshift=0.2em]n15.south){I-GPE};
\node[lab,anchor=north] at ([yshift=-1.4em,xshift=0.2em]n16.south){I-GPE};
\node[lab,anchor=north] at ([yshift=-0.8em,xshift=0.2em]n17.south){O};
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\end{tikzpicture}
\ No newline at end of file
Chapter3/Figures/figure-labeling-named-entities-in-bioes-format.tex 0 → 100644
\begin{tikzpicture}
\tikzstyle{unit} = [draw,inner sep=2pt,line width=0.8pt,align=center,drop shadow,fill=red!30,font=\footnotesize,minimum height=1.2em,minimum width=1.8em]
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\node[unit] (n11) at (0,0){北京};
\node[anchor=west,inner sep=0pt,font=\footnotesize] at ([xshift=0.5em]n11.east){\Large{/}};
\node[unit,anchor=west] (n12) at ([xshift=1.2em]n11.east){是};
\node[anchor=west,inner sep=0pt,font=\footnotesize] at ([xshift=0.5em]n12.east){\Large{/}};
\node[unit,anchor=west] (n13) at ([xshift=1.2em]n12.east){中华};
\node[anchor=west,inner sep=0pt,font=\footnotesize] at ([xshift=0.5em]n13.east){\Large{/}};
\node[unit,anchor=west] (n14) at ([xshift=1.2em]n13.east){人民};
\node[anchor=west,inner sep=0pt,font=\footnotesize] at ([xshift=0.5em]n14.east){\Large{/}};
\node[unit,anchor=west] (n15) at ([xshift=1.2em]n14.east){共和};
\node[anchor=west,inner sep=0pt,font=\footnotesize] at ([xshift=0.5em]n15.east){\Large{/}};
\node[unit,anchor=west] (n16) at ([xshift=1.2em]n15.east){国};
\node[anchor=west,inner sep=0pt,font=\footnotesize] at ([xshift=0.5em]n16.east){\Large{/}};
\node[unit,anchor=west] (n17) at ([xshift=1.2em]n16.east){的};
\node[anchor=west,inner sep=0pt,font=\footnotesize] at ([xshift=0.5em]n17.east){\Large{/}};
\node[unit,anchor=west] (n18) at ([xshift=1.2em]n17.east){首都};
\node[lab,anchor=north] at ([yshift=-1.4em,xshift=0.2em]n11.south){S-GPE};
\node[lab,anchor=north] at ([yshift=-0.8em,xshift=0.2em]n12.south){O};
\node[lab,anchor=north] at ([yshift=-1.4em,xshift=0.2em]n13.south){B-GPE};
\node[lab,anchor=north] at ([yshift=-1.4em,xshift=0.2em]n14.south){I-GPE};
\node[lab,anchor=north] at ([yshift=-1.4em,xshift=0.2em]n15.south){I-GPE};
\node[lab,anchor=north] at ([yshift=-1.4em,xshift=0.2em]n16.south){E-GPE};
\node[lab,anchor=north] at ([yshift=-0.8em,xshift=0.2em]n17.south){O};
\node[lab,anchor=north] at ([yshift=-0.8em,xshift=0.2em]n18.south){O};
\end{tikzpicture}
\ No newline at end of file
Chapter3/Figures/figure-mt-system-as-a-black-box.tex 0 → 100644
\definecolor{ublue}{rgb}{0.152,0.250,0.545}
\definecolor{ugreen}{rgb}{0,0.5,0}
%%% outline
%-------------------------------------------------------------------------
\vspace{0.3em}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{scope}
\node [] (input) at (0,0) {{\scriptsize 猫喜欢吃鱼}};
\node [] (output) at ([xshift=3.35in]input.east) {{\scriptsize Cats like eating fish}};
\draw[->,thick] ([xshift=-1pt]input.east) -- ([xshift=8pt]input.east);
\draw[->,thick] ([xshift=-10pt]output.west) -- ([xshift=-0pt]output.west);
%{
%\draw[->,thick] ([xshift=-12pt]mtengine.west) -- ([xshift=-2pt]mtengine.west);
%\draw[->,thick] ([xshift=2pt]mtengine.east) -- ([xshift=12pt]mtengine.east);
%}
{
\node[minimum height=4em,minimum width=4.5em,fill=white] (inputmarking) at (0.88in,-0.39in) {};
\node[minimum height=4em,minimum width=5.2em,fill=white] (outputmarking) at (2.57in,-0.39in) {};
}
\node [anchor=south] (inputlabel) at ([yshift=-0.5em]input.north) {{\scriptsize \color{red}{\textbf{输入}}}};
\node [anchor=south] (outputlabel) at ([yshift=-0.5em]output.north) {{\scriptsize \color{red}{\textbf{输出}}}};
{
\node [anchor=west] (mtinputlabel) at ([xshift=0.32in]inputlabel.east) {{\scriptsize \color{red}{\textbf{}}}};
\node [anchor=west] (mtoutputlabel) at ([xshift=0.88in]mtinputlabel.east) {{\scriptsize \color{red}{\textbf{}}}};
\node[rectangle,draw=ublue, inner sep=0mm] [fit = (mtinputlabel) (mtoutputlabel) (inputmarking) (outputmarking)] {};
}
{
\node[rectangle,fill=ublue,inner sep=0mm] [fit = (mtinputlabel) (mtoutputlabel) (inputmarking) (outputmarking)] {{\color{white} \textbf{\Large{MT 系统}}}};
}
%\begin{scope}[scale=0.9,xshift=1.2in,yshift=-1.2in,level distance=20pt,sibling distance=0pt]
%
%\end{scope}
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
Chapter3/Figures/figure-mt=language-analysis+translation-engine.tex 0 → 100644
\definecolor{ublue}{rgb}{0.152,0.250,0.545}
\definecolor{ugreen}{rgb}{0,0.5,0}
%%% outline
%-------------------------------------------------------------------------
\vspace{0.3em}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{scope}
\node [] (input) at (0,0) {{\scriptsize 猫喜欢吃鱼}};
{
\begin{scope}[scale=0.8,xshift=0.9in,yshift=-0.87in,level distance=20pt,sibling distance=-1pt,grow'=up]
{\scriptsize
\Tree[.\node(sn0){IP};
[.\node(sn1){NP};
[.\node(sn2){NN}; \node(sw1){猫}; ]
]
[.\node(sn3){VP};
[.\node(sn4){VV}; \node(sw2){喜欢}; ]
[.\node(sn5){VP}; \edge[roof]; \node(sw3){吃 \ 鱼}; ]
]
]
}
\end{scope}
\node [anchor=west,draw,thick,inner sep=3pt,ublue] (mtengine) at ([xshift=1.05in]input.east) {{\scriptsize MT系统}};
\begin{scope}[scale=0.8,xshift=3.0in,yshift=-0.87in,level distance=20pt,sibling distance=-3pt,grow'=up]
{\scriptsize
\Tree[.\node(tn0){S};
[.\node(tn1){NP};
[.\node(tn2){NNS}; \node(tw1){cats}; ]
]
[.\node(tn3){VP};
[.\node(tn4){VB}; \node(tw2){like}; ]
[.\node(tn5){VP}; \edge[roof]; \node(tw3){eating fish}; ]
]
]
}
\end{scope}
}
\node [] (output) at ([xshift=3.35in]input.east) {{\scriptsize Cats like eating fish}};
\draw[->,thick] ([xshift=-1pt]input.east) -- ([xshift=8pt]input.east);
\draw[->,thick] ([xshift=-10pt]output.west) -- ([xshift=-0pt]output.west);
{
\draw[->,thick] ([xshift=-12pt]mtengine.west) -- ([xshift=-2pt]mtengine.west);
\draw[->,thick] ([xshift=2pt]mtengine.east) -- ([xshift=12pt]mtengine.east);
}
{
\node[minimum height=4em,minimum width=4.5em] (inputmarking) at (0.85in,-0.39in) {};
\node[minimum height=4em,minimum width=5.2em] (outputmarking) at (2.55in,-0.39in) {};
}
\node [anchor=south] (inputlabel) at ([yshift=-0.5em]input.north) {{\scriptsize \color{red}{\textbf{输入}}}};
\node [anchor=south] (outputlabel) at ([yshift=-0.5em]output.north) {{\scriptsize \color{red}{\textbf{输出}}}};
{
\node [anchor=west] (mtinputlabel) at ([xshift=0.29in]inputlabel.east) {{\scriptsize \color{red}{\textbf{实际的输入}}}};
\node [anchor=west] (mtoutputlabel) at ([xshift=1.0in]mtinputlabel.east) {{\scriptsize \color{red}{\textbf{实际的输出}}}};
\node[rectangle,draw=ublue, inner sep=0mm] [fit = (mtinputlabel) (mtoutputlabel) (inputmarking) (outputmarking)] {};
}
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
Chapter3/Figures/figure-ner-based-on-hmm.tex 0 → 100644
\begin{tikzpicture}
\tikzstyle{class} = [draw,inner sep=2pt,line width=1pt,align=center,drop shadow,fill=green!20,font=\footnotesize,minimum height=1.6em,minimum width=3.4em,rotate=-90]
\tikzstyle{word} = [draw,inner sep=2pt,line width=1pt,align=center,drop shadow,fill=red!30,font=\footnotesize,minimum height=1.4em,minimum width=1.6em]
\coordinate (o) at (0,0);
\node[anchor=west,class] (c1) at ([xshift=0em]o.east){B-GPE};
\node[anchor=west,class] (c2) at ([xshift=4em]o.east){O};
\node[anchor=west,class] (c3) at ([xshift=8em]o.east){B-GPE};
\node[anchor=west,class] (c4) at ([xshift=12em]o.east){I-GPE};
\node[anchor=west,class] (c5) at ([xshift=16em]o.east){I-GPE};
\node[anchor=west,class] (c6) at ([xshift=20em]o.east){I-GPE};
\node[anchor=west,class] (c7) at ([xshift=24em]o.east){O};
\node[anchor=west,class] (c8) at ([xshift=28em]o.east){O};
\node[anchor=north,word] (w1) at ([xshift=-0.8em,yshift=-4em]c1.north){北京};
\node[anchor=north,word] (w2) at ([xshift=-0.8em,yshift=-4em]c2.north){是};
\node[anchor=north,word] (w3) at ([xshift=-0.8em,yshift=-4em]c3.north){中华};
\node[anchor=north,word] (w4) at ([xshift=-0.8em,yshift=-4em]c4.north){人民};
\node[anchor=north,word] (w5) at ([xshift=-0.8em,yshift=-4em]c5.north){共和};
\node[anchor=north,word] (w6) at ([xshift=-0.8em,yshift=-4em]c6.north){国};
\node[anchor=north,word] (w7) at ([xshift=-0.8em,yshift=-4em]c7.north){的};
\node[anchor=north,word] (w8) at ([xshift=-0.8em,yshift=-4em]c8.north){首都};
\draw[->,line width=1.4pt] (c1.north) -- (c2.south);
\draw[->,line width=1.4pt] (c2.north) -- (c3.south);
\draw[->,line width=1.4pt] (c3.north) -- (c4.south);
\draw[->,line width=1.4pt] (c4.north) -- (c5.south);
\draw[->,line width=1.4pt] (c5.north) -- (c6.south);
\draw[->,line width=1.4pt] (c6.north) -- (c7.south);
\draw[->,line width=1.4pt] (c7.north) -- (c8.south);
\draw[->,line width=1.4pt] (c1.east) -- (w1.north);
\draw[->,line width=1.4pt] (c2.east) -- (w2.north);
\draw[->,line width=1.4pt] (c3.east) -- (w3.north);
\draw[->,line width=1.4pt] (c4.east) -- (w4.north);
\draw[->,line width=1.4pt] (c5.east) -- (w5.north);
\draw[->,line width=1.4pt] (c6.east) -- (w6.north);
\draw[->,line width=1.4pt] (c7.east) -- (w7.north);
\draw[->,line width=1.4pt] (c8.east) -- (w8.north);
\end{tikzpicture}
\ No newline at end of file
Chapter3/Figures/figure-perspectives-of-expert-ordinary-and-syntactic-parser.tex 0 → 100644
%%% outline
%-------------------------------------------------------------------------
\begin{tabular}{l c c c}
&
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{scope}[sibling distance=-5pt, level distance=20pt]
{\footnotesize
\Tree[.IP
[.VP
[.VP
[.NN 猫 ]
[.VV 喜欢 ]
]
[.VV 吃 ]
]
[.NP
[.NN 鱼 ]
]
]
}
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
&
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{scope}[sibling distance=-5pt, level distance=20pt]
{\footnotesize
\Tree[.IP
[.NP
[.NN 猫 ]
]
[.VP
[.VV 喜欢 ]
[.VP
[.VV 吃 ]
[.NN 鱼 ]
]
]
]
}
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
&
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{scope}[sibling distance=-5pt, level distance=20pt]
{\footnotesize
\Tree[.IP
[.NP
[.NN 猫 ]
]
[.VP
[.VP
[.VV 喜欢 ]
[.VV 吃 ]
]
[.NP
[.NN 鱼 ]
]
]
]
}
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
\\
语言学家: & 不对 & 对 & 不对 \\
我们: & 似乎对了 & 比较肯定 & 不太可能 \\
分析器: & $\textrm{P}=0.2$ & $\textrm{P}=0.6$ & $\textrm{P}=0.1$
\end{tabular}
%---------------------------------------------------------------------
Chapter3/Figures/figure-phrase-structure-tree-and-dependency-tree.tex 0 → 100644
\definecolor{ublue}{rgb}{0.152,0.250,0.545}
\definecolor{ugreen}{rgb}{0,0.5,0}
%%% outline
%-------------------------------------------------------------------------
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{scope}[sibling distance=7pt,level distance=22pt]
\Tree[.\node[inner sep=1pt](sn0){IP\scriptsize{:句子}};
[.\node[inner sep=1pt](sn1){NP\scriptsize{:名}};
[.\node[inner sep=1pt](sn2){NN\tiny{:名词}}; \node(sw1){猫}; ]
]
[.\node[inner sep=1pt](sn3){VP\scriptsize{:动}};
[.\node[inner sep=1pt](sn4){VV\tiny{:动词}}; \node(sw2){喜欢}; ]
[.\node[inner sep=1pt](sn5){VP\scriptsize{:动}};
[.\node[inner sep=1pt](sn6){VV\tiny{:动词}}; \node(sw1){吃}; ]
[.\node[inner sep=1pt](sn7){NN\tiny{:名词}}; \node(sw1){鱼}; ]
]
]
]
\Tree[.\node[inner sep=1pt](sn0){IP\scriptsize{:句子}};
[.\node[inner sep=1pt](sn1){NP\scriptsize{:名}};
[.\node[inner sep=1pt,fill=blue!20](sn2){NN\tiny{:名词}}; \node(sw1){猫}; ]
]
[.\node[inner sep=1pt](sn3){VP\scriptsize{:动}};
[.\node[inner sep=1pt,fill=blue!20](sn4){VV\tiny{:动词}}; \node(sw2){喜欢}; ]
[.\node[inner sep=1pt](sn5){VP\scriptsize{:动}};
[.\node[inner sep=1pt,fill=blue!20](sn6){VV\tiny{:动词}}; \node(sw1){吃}; ]
[.\node[inner sep=1pt,fill=blue!20](sn7){NN\tiny{:名词}}; \node(sw1){鱼}; ]
]
]
]
\Tree[.\node[inner sep=1pt,fill=red!20](sn0){IP\scriptsize{:句子}};
[.\node[inner sep=1pt,fill=red!20](sn1){NP\scriptsize{:名}};
[.\node[inner sep=1pt,fill=blue!20](sn2){NN\tiny{:名词}}; \node(sw1){猫}; ]
]
[.\node[inner sep=1pt,fill=red!20](sn3){VP\scriptsize{:动}};
[.\node[inner sep=1pt,fill=blue!20](sn4){VV\tiny{:动词}}; \node(sw2){喜欢}; ]
[.\node[inner sep=1pt](sn5){VP\scriptsize{:动}};
[.\node[inner sep=1pt,fill=blue!20](sn6){VV\tiny{:动词}}; \node(sw1){吃}; ]
[.\node[inner sep=1pt,fill=blue!20](sn7){NN\tiny{:名词}}; \node(sw1){鱼}; ]
]
]
]
\Tree[.\node[inner sep=1pt,fill=red!20](sn0){IP\scriptsize{:句子}};
[.\node[inner sep=1pt,fill=red!20](sn1){NP\scriptsize{:名}};
[.\node[inner sep=1pt,fill=blue!20](sn2){NN\tiny{:名词}}; \node(sw1){猫}; ]
]
[.\node[inner sep=1pt,fill=red!20](sn3){VP\scriptsize{:动}};
[.\node[inner sep=1pt,fill=blue!20](sn4){VV\tiny{:动词}}; \node(sw2){喜欢}; ]
[.\node[inner sep=1pt,fill=green!20](sn5){VP\scriptsize{:动}};
[.\node[inner sep=1pt,fill=green!20](sn6){VV\tiny{:动词}}; \node(sw1){吃}; ]
[.\node[inner sep=1pt,fill=green!20](sn7){NN\tiny{:名词}}; \node(sw1){鱼}; ]
]
]
]
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}[xshift=1.7in,yshift=-0.4in]
\node [,inner sep=2pt] (w1) at (0,0) {猫};
\node [anchor=west,inner sep=2pt] (w2) at ([xshift=0.8em,yshift=3em]w1.east) {喜欢};
\node [anchor=west,inner sep=2pt] (w3) at ([xshift=4.5em]w1.east) {吃};
\node [anchor=west,inner sep=2pt] (w4) at ([xshift=2em,yshift=-3em]w3.east) {鱼};
\draw [-,ultra thick,ublue] (w1.north east) -- (w2.south) node [pos=0.3, above, xshift=-0.5em] {\color{red}{\tiny{主谓}}};
\draw [-,ultra thick,red] (w3.north west) -- (w2.south) node [pos=0.3, above, xshift=0.5em] {\color{red}{\tiny{连动}}};
\draw [-,ultra thick,ugreen] (w3.south east) -- (w4.north west) node [pos=0.5, above, xshift=0.5em] {\color{red}{\tiny{谓宾}}};
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
Chapter3/Figures/figure-probability-values-corresponding-to-different-derivations.tex 0 → 100644
\definecolor{ublue}{rgb}{0.152,0.250,0.545}
\definecolor{ugreen}{rgb}{0,0.5,0}
%%% outline
%-------------------------------------------------------------------------
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{scope}
\node [] (sent) at (0,0) {\textbf{猫 喜欢 吃 鱼}};
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}[xshift=-8em,yshift=-9em,sibling distance=-5pt,level distance=17pt,grow'=up]
{\footnotesize
\Tree[.IP
[.VP
[.VP
[.NN 猫 ]
[.VV 喜欢 ]
]
[.VV 吃 ]
]
[.NP
[.NN 鱼 ]
]
]
}
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}[xshift=-1em,yshift=-9em,sibling distance=-5pt,level distance=17pt,grow'=up]
{\footnotesize
\Tree[.IP
[.NP
[.NN 猫 ]
]
[.VP
[.VV 喜欢 ]
[.VP
[.VV 吃 ]
[.NN 鱼 ]
]
]
]
}
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}[xshift=8em,yshift=-9em,sibling distance=-5pt, level distance=17pt,grow'=up]
{\footnotesize
\Tree[.IP
[.NP
[.NN 猫 ]
]
[.VP
[.VP
[.VV 喜欢 ]
[.VV 吃 ]
]
[.NP
[.NN 鱼 ]
]
]
]
}
\end{scope}
\draw [->,thick,ublue] ([xshift=-2em]sent.south) ..controls + (south:2em) and +(north:2em).. ([xshift=-8em,yshift=-2em]sent.south);
\draw [->,thick,ublue] ([xshift=-1em]sent.south) ..controls + (south:2em) and +(north:2em).. ([xshift=-2em,yshift=-2em]sent.south);
\draw [->,thick,ublue] ([xshift=0em]sent.south) ..controls + (south:2em) and +(north:2em).. ([xshift=6.5em,yshift=-2em]sent.south);
\draw [->,thick,ublue,dotted] ([xshift=1em]sent.south) ..controls + (south:1.5em) and +(north:2.5em).. ([xshift=12.5em,yshift=-2em]sent.south);
\node [anchor=north west] (others) at (11.8em,-3em) {...};
\node [] (d1) at (-9em,-10em) {$d_1$};
\node [] (d2) at (0em,-10em) {$d_2$};
\node [] (d3) at (8.5em,-10em) {$d_2$};
\node [anchor=east] (d1p) at ([xshift=0.4em]d1.west) {$\textrm{P}($};
\node [anchor=west] (d1p2) at ([xshift=-0.4em]d1.east) {$)=0.0123$};
\node [anchor=east] (d2p) at ([xshift=0.4em]d2.west) {$\textrm{P}($};
\node [anchor=west] (d2p2) at ([xshift=-0.4em]d2.east) {$)=0.4031$};
\node [anchor=east] (d3p) at ([xshift=0.4em]d3.west) {$\textrm{P}($};
\node [anchor=west] (d3p2) at ([xshift=-0.4em]d3.east) {$)=0.0056$};
\end{tikzpicture}
%---------------------------------------------------------------------
Chapter3/Figures/figure-process-of-statistical-syntax-analysis.tex 0 → 100644
\definecolor{ublue}{rgb}{0.152,0.250,0.545}
\definecolor{ugreen}{rgb}{0,0.5,0}
%%% outline
%-------------------------------------------------------------------------
\begin{tikzpicture}
{\scriptsize
\begin{scope}[level distance=10pt,xshift=1.5em,yshift=-0.5em]
{\tiny
\Tree[.\node[inner sep=1pt](t1n1){IP};
[.\node[inner sep=1pt](t1n2){VP};
[.\node[inner sep=1pt](t1n3){VV}; \node[](t1w1){看}; ]
]
[.\node[inner sep=1pt](t1n4){NP};
[.\node[inner sep=1pt](t1n5){M}; 个 ]
[.\node[inner sep=1pt](t1n6){NN}; 例子 ]
]
]
}
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}[level distance=10pt,xshift=6.5em,yshift=-0.5em]
{\tiny
\Tree[.\node[inner sep=1pt](t2n1){IP};
[.\node[inner sep=1pt](t2n2){NP};
[.\node[inner sep=1pt](t2n3){PN}; 你 ]
]
[.\node[inner sep=1pt](t2n4){VP};
[.\node[inner sep=1pt](t2n5){VV}; 看到 ]
[.\node[inner sep=1pt](t2n6){AS}; \node[](t2wn){了}; ]
]
]
}
\end{scope}
\node [anchor=west] (othertrees) at ([xshift=1em]t2n1.east) {...};
\node [anchor=south west] (corpuslabel) at ([xshift=-1em]t1n1.north west) {{\color{ublue} \textbf{学习用数据}}};
\begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
\node[rectangle,draw=ublue,thick,inner sep=0.2em,fill=white,drop shadow] [fit = (t1n1) (t1w1) (t2wn) (othertrees) (corpuslabel)] (corpus) {};
\end{pgfonlayer}
}
\node [anchor=west,ugreen] (P) at ([xshift=5.95em,yshift=-0.8em]corpus.east){\large{P($\cdot$)}};
\node [anchor=south] (modellabel) at (P.north) {{\color{ublue} {\scriptsize \textbf{统计分析模型}}}};
\begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
\node[rectangle,draw=ublue,thick,inner sep=0.2em,fill=white,drop shadow] [fit = (P) (modellabel)] (model) {};
\end{pgfonlayer}
\draw [->,very thick,ublue] ([xshift=0.2em]corpus.east) -- ([xshift=4.2em]corpus.east) node [pos=0.5, above] {\color{red}{\scriptsize{统计学习}}};
\draw [->,very thick,ublue] ([xshift=0.2em]model.east) -- ([xshift=4.2em]model.east) node [pos=0.5, above] {\color{red}{\scriptsize{搜索\&计算}}};
{\scriptsize
\node [anchor=north west] (sentlabel) at ([xshift=6.2em,yshift=-1em]model.north east) {{\color{ublue} {\scriptsize \textbf{统计分析模型}}}};
\node [anchor=north west] (sent) at (sentlabel.south west) {\textbf{对任意句子进行分析}};
}
\begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
\node[rectangle,draw=ublue,thick,inner sep=0.2em,fill=white,drop shadow] [fit = (sentlabel) (sent)] (parser) {};
\end{pgfonlayer}
\end{tikzpicture}
%---------------------------------------------------------------------
Chapter3/Figures/figure-process-sequence-labeling-by-classfication.tex 0 → 100644
\begin{tikzpicture}
\tikzstyle{unit} = [draw,minimum size=1em,circle]
\node[unit,fill=green!20] (g1) at (0,0){};
\node[anchor=west,unit,fill=green!20] (g2)at([xshift=1.8em]g1.east){};
\node[anchor=west,unit,fill=green!20] (g3)at([xshift=1.8em]g2.east){};
\node[anchor=west,unit,fill=green!20] (g4)at([xshift=1.8em]g3.east){};
\node[anchor=north,unit,fill=red!30] (r1)at([yshift=-4em]g1.south){};
\node[anchor=north,unit,fill=red!30] (r2)at([yshift=-4em]g2.south){};
\node[anchor=north,unit,fill=red!30] (r3)at([yshift=-4em]g3.south){};
\node[anchor=north,unit,fill=red!30] (r4)at([yshift=-4em]g4.south){};
\begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
\node [draw=green!20,rectangle,inner sep=2pt,rounded corners=4pt,dashed,line width=1.5pt] [fit = (g1)(g2)(g3)(g4)] (box1) {};
\node [draw=red!30,rectangle,inner sep=2pt,rounded corners=4pt,dashed,line width=1.5pt] [fit = (r1)(r2)(r3)(r4)] (box2) {};
\end{pgfonlayer}
\node[anchor=north,draw,inner sep=2pt,rounded corners=2pt,fill=blue!30,minimum width=6em](cla) at ([yshift=-1em]box1.south){分类器};
\node[anchor=south,font=\scriptsize] at ([yshift=0.4em,xshift=1.4em]g2.north){(待预测标签)};
\node[anchor=north,font=\scriptsize] at ([yshift=-0.4em,xshift=1.4em]r2.south){(待标注标签)};
\draw[->,thick] (cla.north) -- (box1.south);
\draw[->,thick] (box2.north) -- (cla.south);
\end{tikzpicture}
\ No newline at end of file
Chapter3/Figures/figure-process-sequence-labeling-by-crf.tex 0 → 100644
\begin{tikzpicture}
\tikzstyle{unit} = [draw,minimum size=1em,circle]
\node[unit,fill=green!20] (g1) at (0,0){};
\node[anchor=west,unit,fill=green!20] (g2)at([xshift=1.8em]g1.east){};
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\draw[-,thick] (g3.south) -- (r1.north);
\draw[-,thick] (g4.south) -- (r1.north);
\end{tikzpicture}
\ No newline at end of file
Chapter3/Figures/figure-process-sequence-labeling-by-hmm.tex 0 → 100644
\begin{tikzpicture}
\tikzstyle{unit} = [draw,minimum size=1em,circle]
\node[unit,fill=green!2] (g1) at (0,0){};
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\node[anchor=south,font=\scriptsize] at ([yshift=0.4em,xshift=1.4em]g2.north){(待预测标签)};
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\draw[->,thick] (g4.south) -- (r4.north);
\end{tikzpicture}
\ No newline at end of file
Chapter3/Figures/figure-rules-of-grammar.tex 0 → 100644
\definecolor{ublue}{rgb}{0.152,0.250,0.545}
\definecolor{ugreen}{rgb}{0,0.5,0}
%%% outline
%-------------------------------------------------------------------------
\begin{tikzpicture}
\small
\node [anchor=west,inner sep=2pt] (r1) at (0,0) {$r_1$: NN $\to$ 猫};
\node [anchor=west,inner sep=2pt] (r2) at ([xshift=6em]r1.east) {$r_2$: VV $\to$ 喜欢};
\node [anchor=north west,inner sep=2pt] (r3) at ([yshift=-0.2em]r1.south west) {$r_3$: VV $\to$ 吃};
\node [anchor=north west,inner sep=2pt] (r4) at ([yshift=-0.2em]r2.south west) {$r_4$: NN $\to$ 鱼};
\node [anchor=north west,inner sep=2pt] (r5) at ([yshift=-0.2em]r3.south west) {$r_5$: NP $\to$ NN};
\node [anchor=north west,inner sep=2pt] (r6) at ([yshift=-0.2em]r4.south west) {$r_6$: VP $\to$ VV NN};
\node [anchor=north west,inner sep=2pt] (r7) at ([yshift=-0.2em]r5.south west) {$r_7$: VP $\to$ VV VP};
\node [anchor=north west,inner sep=2pt] (r8) at ([yshift=-0.2em]r6.south west) {$r_8$: IP $\to$ NP VP};
\node [anchor=west,inner sep=2pt,fill=blue!20] (r1) at (0,0) {$r_1$: NN $\to$ 猫};
\node [anchor=west,inner sep=2pt,fill=blue!20] (r2) at ([xshift=6em]r1.east) {$r_2$: VV $\to$ 喜欢};
\node [anchor=north west,inner sep=2pt,fill=blue!20] (r3) at ([yshift=-0.2em]r1.south west) {$r_3$: VV $\to$ 吃};
\node [anchor=north west,inner sep=2pt,fill=blue!20] (r4) at ([yshift=-0.2em]r2.south west) {$r_4$: NN $\to$ 鱼};
\node [anchor=north west,inner sep=2pt,fill=red!20] (r5) at ([yshift=-0.2em]r3.south west) {$r_5$: NP $\to$ NN};
\node [anchor=north west,inner sep=2pt,fill=green!20] (r6) at ([yshift=-0.2em]r4.south west) {$r_6$: VP $\to$ VV NN};
\node [anchor=north west,inner sep=2pt,fill=green!20] (r7) at ([yshift=-0.2em]r5.south west) {$r_7$: VP $\to$ VV VP};
\node [anchor=north west,inner sep=2pt,fill=green!20] (r8) at ([yshift=-0.2em]r6.south west) {$r_8$: IP $\to$ NP VP};
\node [anchor=north west,fill=blue!20] (sent1) at ([yshift=-0.4em]r7.south west) {$r_1,r_2,r_3,r_4$};
\node [anchor=west] (sent1part2) at (sent1.east) {为生成单词词性的规则};
\node [anchor=north west,fill=red!20] (sent2) at ([yshift=-0.2em]sent1.south west) {$r_5$};
\node [anchor=west] (sent2part2) at (sent2.east) {为单变量规则，它将词性NN进一步抽象为名词短语NP};
\node [anchor=north west,fill=green!20] (sent3) at ([yshift=-0.2em]sent2.south west){$r_6,r_7,r_8$};
\node [anchor=west] (sent3part2) at (sent3.east) {为句法结构规则，比如$r_8$表示了主(NP)+谓(VP)结构};
\end{tikzpicture}
%---------------------------------------------------------------------
Chapter3/Figures/figure-transition-prob-and-launch-prob-in-coin-toss-game.tex 0 → 100644
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{scope}
\node[minimum width=3em,minimum height=1.5em] (o) at (0,0){};
\node[anchor=west,inner sep=0pt] (ca) at ([yshift=0.2em,xshift=1.4em]o.east){\scriptsize\bfnew{硬币A}};
\node[anchor=west,inner sep=0pt] (cb) at ([xshift=1.4em]ca.east){\scriptsize\bfnew{硬币B}};
\node[anchor=west,inner sep=0pt] (cc) at ([xshift=1.4em]cb.east){\scriptsize\bfnew{硬币C}};
\node[anchor=north,inner sep=0pt] (ra) at ([yshift=-0.6em,xshift=-0.4em]o.south){\scriptsize\bfnew{硬币A}};
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\node[anchor=north,inner sep=0pt] (n21) at ([yshift=-1em]n11.south){\small{$\frac{1}{3}$}};
\node[anchor=north,inner sep=0pt] (n31) at ([yshift=-1em]n21.south){\small{$\frac{1}{3}$}};
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\node[anchor=north,inner sep=0pt] (n32) at ([yshift=-1em]n22.south){\small{$\frac{1}{3}$}};
\node[anchor=north,inner sep=0pt] (n13) at ([yshift=-0.9em]cc.south){\small{$\frac{1}{3}$}};
\node[anchor=north,inner sep=0pt] (n23) at ([yshift=-1em]n13.south){\small{$\frac{1}{3}$}};
\node[anchor=north,inner sep=0pt] (n33) at ([yshift=-1em]n23.south){\small{$\frac{1}{3}$}};
\draw[thick] (o.north west) -- (o.south east);
\node[anchor=south west] at ([yshift=-1em,xshift=-1.4em]o.45){\tiny{第$i+1$次}};
\node[anchor=north east] at ([yshift=1em,xshift=1em]o.-135){\tiny{第$i$次}};
\begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
\node [rectangle,inner sep=0.5em,rounded corners=2pt,fill=red!10] [fit = (o)(n33)(cc) ] (box0) {};
\end{pgfonlayer}
\node[anchor=south] at (box0.north){\scriptsize{转移概率$\funp{P}$(第$i+1$次|第$i$次)}};
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}[xshift=8cm]
\node[minimum width=3em,minimum height=1.5em] (o) at (0,0){};
\node[anchor=west,inner sep=0pt] (ca) at ([yshift=0.2em,xshift=1.4em]o.east){\scriptsize\bfnew{正面}};
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\node[anchor=north,inner sep=0pt] (n11) at ([yshift=-1.2em]ca.south){\footnotesize{$0.3$}};
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\node[anchor=north,inner sep=0pt] (n31) at ([yshift=-1.7em]n21.south){\footnotesize{$0.7$}};
\node[anchor=north,inner sep=0pt] (n12) at ([yshift=-1.2em]cb.south){\footnotesize{$0.7$}};
\node[anchor=north,inner sep=0pt] (n22) at ([yshift=-1.7em]n12.south){\footnotesize{$0.5$}};
\node[anchor=north,inner sep=0pt] (n32) at ([yshift=-1.7em]n22.south){\footnotesize{$0.3$}};
\draw[thick] (o.north west) -- (o.south east);
\node[anchor=south west] at ([yshift=-1em,xshift=-1.4em]o.45){\tiny{可见}};
\node[anchor=north east] at ([yshift=1em,xshift=1em]o.-135){\tiny{隐藏}};
\begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
\node [rectangle,inner sep=0.5em,rounded corners=2pt,fill=red!10] [fit = (o)(n32)(rc)(cb) ] (box1) {};
\end{pgfonlayer}
\node[anchor=south] at (box1.north){\scriptsize{发射概率$\funp{P}$(可见状态|隐藏状态)}};
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
\ No newline at end of file
Chapter3/Figures/figure-two-different-derivation-of-regulation.tex 0 → 100644
%%% outline
%-------------------------------------------------------------------------
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.32\linewidth}
\vspace{1.5em}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{scope}[sibling distance=3pt, level distance=25pt]
{\small
\Tree[.IP
[.NP
[.NN \node(sw1){猫}; ]
]
[.VP
[.VV \node(sw2){喜欢}; ]
[.VP
[.VV \node(sw1){吃}; ]
[.NN \node(sw1){鱼}; ]
]
]
]
}
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{minipage}
\hfill
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.32\linewidth}
{\small
\begin{eqnarray}
& & \textrm{\textbf{推导1}} \nonumber \\
& & \textrm{IP} \nonumber \\
& \overset{r_8}{\Rightarrow} & \textrm{NP VP} \nonumber \\
& \overset{r_5}{\Rightarrow} & \textrm{NN VP} \nonumber \\
& \overset{r_1}{\Rightarrow} & \textrm{猫 VP} \nonumber \\
& \overset{r_7}{\Rightarrow} & \textrm{猫 VV VP} \nonumber \\
& \overset{r_2}{\Rightarrow} & \textrm{猫 喜欢 VP} \nonumber \\
& \overset{r_6}{\Rightarrow} & \textrm{猫 喜欢 VV NN} \nonumber \\
& \overset{r_3}{\Rightarrow} & \textrm{猫 喜欢 吃 NN} \nonumber \\
& \overset{r_4}{\Rightarrow} & \textrm{猫 喜欢 吃 鱼} \nonumber
\end{eqnarray}
}
\end{minipage}
\hfill
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.32\linewidth}
{\small
\begin{eqnarray}
& & \textrm{\textbf{推导2}} \nonumber \\
& & \textrm{IP} \nonumber \\
& \overset{r_8}{\Rightarrow} & \textrm{NP VP} \nonumber \\
& \overset{r_7}{\Rightarrow} & \textrm{NP VV VP} \nonumber \\
& \overset{r_2}{\Rightarrow} & \textrm{NP 喜欢 VP} \nonumber \\
& \overset{r_6}{\Rightarrow} & \textrm{NP 喜欢 VV NN} \nonumber \\
& \overset{r_4}{\Rightarrow} & \textrm{NP 喜欢 VV 鱼} \nonumber \\
& \overset{r_5}{\Rightarrow} & \textrm{NN 喜欢 VV 鱼} \nonumber \\
& \overset{r_3}{\Rightarrow} & \textrm{NN 喜欢 吃 鱼} \nonumber \\
& \overset{r_1}{\Rightarrow} & \textrm{猫 喜欢 吃 鱼} \nonumber
\end{eqnarray}
}
\end{minipage}
%---------------------------------------------------------------------
Chapter3/Figures/figure-usage-of-regulation.tex 0 → 100644
\definecolor{ublue}{rgb}{0.152,0.250,0.545}
\definecolor{ugreen}{rgb}{0,0.5,0}
%%% outline
%-------------------------------------------------------------------------
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{scope}
\node [anchor=west] (arule) at (0,0) {\large{$u \overset{r}{\Rightarrow} v$}};
\node [anchor=west,inner sep=2pt] (u) at ([xshift=-4em,yshift=-4em]arule.west) {VV};
\node [anchor=west,inner sep=2pt,fill=orange!40] (u) at ([xshift=-4em,yshift=-4em]arule.west) {VV};
\node [anchor=west] (upart2) at (u.east) {NN};
\node [anchor=east] (unumber) at (u.west) {$u:$};
\node [anchor=west,inner sep=2pt] (r) at ([xshift=-3em,yshift=2.5em]u.west) {VV};
\node [anchor=west,inner sep=2pt,fill=orange!40] (r) at ([xshift=-3em,yshift=2.5em]u.west) {VV};
\node [anchor=west] (rpart2) at (r.east) {$\to$};
\node [anchor=west,inner sep=2pt] (rpart3) at (rpart2.east) {吃};
\node [anchor=east] (rnumber) at (r.west) {$r:$};
\node [anchor=west,inner sep=2pt,fill=red!20] (rpart3) at (rpart2.east) {吃};
\node [anchor=west] (v) at ([xshift=5.5em]u.east) {$v$:};
\node [anchor=west,inner sep=2pt,fill=red!20] (vpart2) at (v.east) {吃};
\node [anchor=west] (vpart3) at (vpart2.east) {NN};
\node [anchor=west] (arrow) at ([xshift=3em]u.east) {$\Rightarrow$};
\draw [<-,dotted,thick] ([xshift=0.6em]arule.south west) ..controls +(south:0.7) and +(north:0.7).. ([xshift=-1.0em]upart2.north east);
\draw [<-,dotted,thick] ([xshift=-0.6em]arule.south east) ..controls +(south:0.7) and +(north:0.7).. ([xshift=1.0em]v.north west);
\draw [<-,dotted,thick] ([xshift=-0.4em,yshift=-0.5em]arule.north) ..controls +(180:0.7) and +(50:0.7) .. ([xshift=1em]rpart2.north west);
\draw [->,dotted,thick,ublue] (r.south) ..controls +(south:0.5) and +(north:0.5).. ([yshift=0]u.north);
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
%---------------------------------------------------------------------
Chapter3/Figures/figure-word-segmentation-based-on-statistics.tex 0 → 100644
\definecolor{ublue}{rgb}{0.152,0.250,0.545}
\definecolor{ugreen}{rgb}{0,0.5,0}
%%% outline
%-------------------------------------------------------------------------
\vspace{-0.5em}
\begin{tikzpicture}
{\scriptsize
{
\node [anchor=north west] (entry1) at (0,0) {\textbf{1:} 这 / 是 / 数据};
\node [anchor=north west] (entry2) at ([yshift=0.1em]entry1.south west) {\textbf{2:} 现在 / 已经 / 实现};
\node [anchor=north west] (entry3) at ([yshift=0.1em]entry2.south west) {\textbf{3:} 确实 / 有 / 很 / 多};
\node [anchor=north west] (entry4) at ([yshift=0.1em]entry3.south west) {...};
\node [anchor=south west] (corpuslabel) at (entry1.north west) {{\color{ublue} \textbf{学习用数据}}};
}
\begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
{
\node[rectangle,draw=ublue,thick,inner sep=0.2em,fill=white,drop shadow] [fit = (entry1) (entry2) (entry3) (entry4) (corpuslabel)] (corpus) {};
}
\end{pgfonlayer}
}
{
\node [anchor=west,ugreen] (P) at ([xshift=5.2em,yshift=-0.8em]corpus.east){\large{\funp{P}($\cdot$)}};
\node [anchor=south] (modellabel) at (P.north) {{\color{ublue} {\scriptsize \textbf{统计模型}}}};
}
\begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
{
\node[rectangle,draw=ublue,thick,inner sep=0.2em,fill=white,drop shadow] [fit = (P) (modellabel)] (model) {};
}
\end{pgfonlayer}
{
\draw [->,very thick,ublue] ([xshift=0.2em]corpus.east) -- ([xshift=4.2em]corpus.east) node [pos=0.5, above] {\color{red}{\scriptsize{统计学习}}};
}
{
\draw [->,very thick,ublue] ([xshift=0.2em]model.east) -- ([xshift=4.2em]model.east) node [pos=0.5, above] {\color{red}{\scriptsize{搜索\&计算}}};
}
{\scriptsize
{
\node [anchor=north west] (sentlabel) at ([xshift=6.8em,yshift=2em]model.north east) {\color{red}{新的句子}};
\node [anchor=north west] (sent) at (sentlabel.south west) {\textbf{确实现在数据很多}};
}
{
\node [anchor=north west] (seg1) at ([xshift=1.0em]sent.south west) {确/实现/在/数/据很/多};
\node [anchor=north west] (seg2) at (seg1.south west) {确实/现在/数据/很/多};
\node [anchor=north west] (seg3) at (seg2.south west) {确实/现在/数/据/很/多};
}
{
\node [anchor=north west] (seg4) at ([xshift=-1.0em,yshift=0.4em]seg3.south west) {...};
\node [anchor=east,ugreen] (p1seg1) at ([xshift=0.5em]seg1.west) {P(};
\node [anchor=west,ugreen] (p2seg1) at ([xshift=-0.5em]seg1.east) {)=0.1};
\node [anchor=east,ugreen] (p1seg2) at ([xshift=0.5em]seg2.west) {P(};
\node [anchor=west,ugreen] (p2seg2) at ([xshift=-0.5em]seg2.east) {)=0.6};
\node [anchor=east,ugreen] (p1seg3) at ([xshift=0.5em]seg3.west) {P(};
\node [anchor=west,ugreen] (p2seg3) at ([xshift=-0.5em]seg3.east) {)=0.2};
}
{
\node [anchor=east,draw,dashed,red,thick,minimum width=13em,minimum height=1.4em] (final) at (p2seg2.east) {};
\node [anchor=west,red] (finallabel) at ([xshift=3.1em]sentlabel.east) {输出概率最大的结果};
%\node [anchor=north east,red] (finallabel2) at ([yshift=0.5em]finallabel.south east) {的结果};
\draw [->,thick,red] ([xshift=0.0em,yshift=-0.5em]final.north east) ..controls +(east:0.3) and +(south:0.0).. ([xshift=1.0em]finallabel.south);
}
}
\end{tikzpicture}
%---------------------------------------------------------------------
Chapter4/Figures/a-deeper-and-wider-grammar-tree-means-more-complex-sentence-structures.tex 0 → 100644
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.5]
\Tree[.IP
[.ADVP
[.AD \node(e1){前几天};]
]
[.LCP
[.NP
[.CP
[.IP
[.VP
[.VV \node(e2){出};]
[.NP
[.NN \node(e3){事故};]
]
]
]
[.DEC \node(e4){的};]
]
[.DP
[.DT \node(e5){那};]
[.CLP
[.M \node(e6){条};]
]
]
[.NP
[.NN \node(e7){街};]
]
]
[.LC \node(e8){上};]
]
[.VP
[.VP
[.VE \node(e9){有};]
[.IP
[.NP
[.NN \node(e10){一家};]
]
[.VP
[.ADVP
[.AD \node(e11){非常};]
]
[.VP
[.VV \node(e12){气派的};]
[.NP
[.ADJP
[.JJ \node(e13){大};]
]
[.NP
[.NN \node(e14){商店};]
]
]
]
]
]
]
[.VP
[.ADVP
[.AD \node(e15){，那里};]
]
[.ADVP
[.AD \node(e16){经常};]
]
[.VP
[.VV \node(e17){出售};]
[.NP
[.QP
[.CD \node(e18){一些};]
]
[.ADJP
[.JJ \node(e19){名贵};]
]
[.NP
[.NN \node(e20){鲜花};]
]
]
]
]
]
[.PU \node(e21){.};]
]
\end{tikzpicture}
\ No newline at end of file
Chapter4/Figures/a-shallow-and-narrow-grammar-means-a-simpler-sentence-structure.tex 0 → 100644
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.7]
\Tree[.IP
[.NP
[.NR \node(e1){俄国};]
]
[.VP
[.VV \node(e2){希望};]
[.IP
[.NP
[.NR \node(e3){伊朗};]
]
[.VP
[.ADVP
[.AD \node(e4) {没有};]
]
[.VP
[.VV \node(e5) {制造};]
[.NP
[.NN \node(e6){核武器};]
[.NN \node(e7){计划};]
]
]
]
]
]
[.PU \node(e8){.};]
]
\end{tikzpicture}
\ No newline at end of file
Chapter4/Figures/absolute-match-word-alignment-1.tex 0 → 100644
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.5]
\tikzstyle{cand} = [draw,line width=1pt,align=center,minimum width=2.6em,minimum height=1.6em,drop shadow={shadow xshift=0.15em},fill=green!30]
\tikzstyle{ref} = [draw,line width=1pt,align=center,minimum width=2.6em,minimum height=1.6em,drop shadow={shadow xshift=0.15em},fill=red!30]
\node[align=center,minimum width=2.4em,minimum height=1.6em,minimum width=6em] (n11) at (0,0){\small\bfnew{Candidate :}};
\node[cand,anchor=west] (n12) at ([xshift=0.0em]n11.east){Can};
\node[cand,anchor=west] (n13) at ([xshift=1em]n12.east){I};
\node[cand,anchor=west] (n14) at ([xshift=1em]n13.east){have};
\node[cand,anchor=west] (n15) at ([xshift=1em]n14.east){this};
\node[cand,anchor=west] (n16) at ([xshift=1em]n15.east){like};
\node[cand,anchor=west] (n17) at ([xshift=1em]n16.east){he};
\node[cand,anchor=west] (n18) at ([xshift=1em]n17.east){do};
\node[cand,anchor=west] (n19) at ([xshift=1em]n18.east){it};
\node[cand,anchor=west] (n20) at ([xshift=1em]n19.east){?};
\node[align=center,minimum width=2.4em,minimum height=1.6em,anchor=north,minimum width=6em] (n21) at ([yshift=-6em]n11.south){\small\bfnew{Reference :}};
\node[ref,anchor=west] (n22) at ([xshift=0.0em]n21.east){Can};
\node[ref,anchor=west] (n23) at ([xshift=1em]n22.east){I};
\node[ref,anchor=west] (n24) at ([xshift=1em]n23.east){eat};
\node[ref,anchor=west] (n25) at ([xshift=1em]n24.east){this};
\node[ref,anchor=west] (n26) at ([xshift=1em]n25.east){Can};
\node[ref,anchor=west] (n27) at ([xshift=1em]n26.east){like};
\node[ref,anchor=west] (n28) at ([xshift=1em]n27.east){he};
\node[ref,anchor=west] (n29) at ([xshift=1em]n28.east){did};
\node[ref,anchor=west] (n60) at ([xshift=1em]n29.east){?};
\draw[line width=1.6pt,blue!40] (n12.south) -- (n22.north);
\draw[line width=1.6pt,blue!40] (n13.south) -- (n23.north);
\draw[line width=1.6pt,blue!40] (n15.south) -- (n25.north);
\draw[line width=1.6pt,blue!40] (n16.south) -- (n27.north);
\draw[line width=1.6pt,blue!40] (n17.south) -- (n28.north);
\draw[line width=1.6pt,blue!40] (n20.south) -- (n60.north);
\end{tikzpicture}
Chapter4/Figures/absolute-match-word-alignment-2.tex 0 → 100644
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.5]
\tikzstyle{cand} = [draw,line width=1pt,align=center,minimum width=2.6em,minimum height=1.6em,drop shadow={shadow xshift=0.15em},fill=green!30]
\tikzstyle{ref} = [draw,line width=1pt,align=center,minimum width=2.6em,minimum height=1.6em,drop shadow={shadow xshift=0.15em},fill=red!30]
\node[align=center,minimum width=2.4em,minimum height=1.6em,minimum width=6em] (n11) at (0,0){\small\bfnew{Candidate :}};
\node[cand,anchor=west] (n12) at ([xshift=0.0em]n11.east){Can};
\node[cand,anchor=west] (n13) at ([xshift=1em]n12.east){I};
\node[cand,anchor=west] (n14) at ([xshift=1em]n13.east){have};
\node[cand,anchor=west] (n15) at ([xshift=1em]n14.east){this};
\node[cand,anchor=west] (n16) at ([xshift=1em]n15.east){like};
\node[cand,anchor=west] (n17) at ([xshift=1em]n16.east){he};
\node[cand,anchor=west] (n18) at ([xshift=1em]n17.east){do};
\node[cand,anchor=west] (n19) at ([xshift=1em]n18.east){it};
\node[cand,anchor=west] (n20) at ([xshift=1em]n19.east){?};
\node[align=center,minimum width=2.4em,minimum height=1.6em,anchor=north,minimum width=6em] (n21) at ([yshift=-6em]n11.south){\small\bfnew{Reference :}};
\node[ref,anchor=west] (n22) at ([xshift=0.0em]n21.east){Can};
\node[ref,anchor=west] (n23) at ([xshift=1em]n22.east){I};
\node[ref,anchor=west] (n24) at ([xshift=1em]n23.east){eat};
\node[ref,anchor=west] (n25) at ([xshift=1em]n24.east){this};
\node[ref,anchor=west] (n26) at ([xshift=1em]n25.east){Can};
\node[ref,anchor=west] (n27) at ([xshift=1em]n26.east){like};
\node[ref,anchor=west] (n28) at ([xshift=1em]n27.east){he};
\node[ref,anchor=west] (n29) at ([xshift=1em]n28.east){did};
\node[ref,anchor=west] (n30) at ([xshift=1em]n29.east){?};
\draw[line width=1.6pt,blue!40] (n12.south) -- (n26.north);
\draw[line width=1.6pt,blue!40] (n13.south) -- (n23.north);
\draw[line width=1.6pt,blue!40] (n15.south) -- (n25.north);
\draw[line width=1.6pt,blue!40] (n16.south) -- (n27.north);
\draw[line width=1.6pt,blue!40] (n17.south) -- (n28.north);
\draw[line width=1.6pt,blue!40] (n20.south) -- (n30.north);
\end{tikzpicture}
Chapter4/Figures/determine-final-word-alignment.tex 0 → 100644
\definecolor{ugreen}{rgb}{0,0.5,0}
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.5]
\tikzstyle{cand} = [draw,line width=1pt,align=center,minimum width=2.6em,minimum height=1.6em,drop shadow={shadow xshift=0.15em},fill=green!30]
\tikzstyle{ref} = [draw,line width=1pt,align=center,minimum width=2.6em,minimum height=1.6em,drop shadow={shadow xshift=0.15em},fill=red!30]
\node[align=center,minimum width=2.4em,minimum height=1.6em,minimum width=6em] (n11) at (0,0){\small\bfnew{Candidate :}};
\node[cand,anchor=west] (n12) at ([xshift=0.0em]n11.east){Can};
\node[cand,anchor=west] (n13) at ([xshift=1em]n12.east){I};
\node[cand,anchor=west] (n14) at ([xshift=1em]n13.east){have};
\node[cand,anchor=west] (n15) at ([xshift=1em]n14.east){this};
\node[cand,anchor=west] (n16) at ([xshift=1em]n15.east){like};
\node[cand,anchor=west] (n17) at ([xshift=1em]n16.east){he};
\node[cand,anchor=west] (n18) at ([xshift=1em]n17.east){do};
\node[cand,anchor=west] (n19) at ([xshift=1em]n18.east){it};
\node[cand,anchor=west] (n20) at ([xshift=1em]n19.east){?};
\node[align=center,minimum width=2.4em,minimum height=1.6em,anchor=north,minimum width=6em] (n21) at ([yshift=-6em]n11.south){\small\bfnew{Reference :}};
\node[ref,anchor=west] (n22) at ([xshift=0.0em]n21.east){Can};
\node[ref,anchor=west] (n23) at ([xshift=1em]n22.east){I};
\node[ref,anchor=west] (n24) at ([xshift=1em]n23.east){eat};
\node[ref,anchor=west] (n25) at ([xshift=1em]n24.east){this};
\node[ref,anchor=west] (n26) at ([xshift=1em]n25.east){Can};
\node[ref,anchor=west] (n27) at ([xshift=1em]n26.east){like};
\node[ref,anchor=west] (n28) at ([xshift=1em]n27.east){he};
\node[ref,anchor=west] (n29) at ([xshift=1em]n28.east){did};
\node[ref,anchor=west] (n30) at ([xshift=1em]n29.east){?};
\draw[line width=1.6pt,blue!40] (n12.south) -- (n22.north);
\draw[line width=1.6pt,blue!40] (n13.south) -- (n23.north);
\draw[line width=1.6pt,blue!40] (n15.south) -- (n25.north);
\draw[line width=1.6pt,blue!40] (n16.south) -- (n27.north);
\draw[line width=1.6pt,blue!40] (n17.south) -- (n28.north);
\draw[line width=1.6pt,blue!40] (n20.south) -- (n30.north);
\draw[line width=1.6pt,orange!40] (n18.south) -- (n29.north);
\draw[line width=1.6pt,ugreen!40](n14.south) -- (n24.north);
\end{tikzpicture}
Chapter4/Figures/logic-diagram-of-translation-quality-evaluation-method.tex 0 → 100644
%\documentclass[tikz]{standalone}
%\usepackage{tikz}
%\usepackage[UTF8]{ctex}
%\usepackage{setspace}
%\usetikzlibrary{shapes}
%\usetikzlibrary{decorations.pathreplacing}
%\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.8]
\begin{scope}
\tikzstyle{every node}=[scale=0.8]
% big circle at center
\node [anchor=center,circle,draw,minimum width=10em,line width=0.2em,ublue] (base) at (0,0) {};
\draw [-,very thick,line width=0.15em,ublue] (0,0) -- (base.90);
\draw [-,very thick,line width=0.15em,ublue] (0,0) -- (base.-30);
\draw [-,very thick,line width=0.15em,ublue] (0,0) -- (base.210);
\node [anchor=south east,align=left] (autoevallabel) at ([xshift=-0.5em,yshift=0.5em]base.-10) {{\small\bfnew\footnotesize{人工构造}}\\{\small\bfnew\footnotesize{参考答案}}};
\node [anchor=south west,align=left] (qualityestlabel) at ([xshift=0.5em,yshift=0.5em]base.190) {{\small\bfnew\footnotesize{人不参与}}\\{\small\bfnew\footnotesize{评价}}};
\node [anchor=south,align=left] (humanevallabel) at ([yshift=1.0em]base.-90) {{\small\bfnew\footnotesize{人直接}}\\{\small\bfnew\footnotesize{进行评价}}};
% quality estimation
\node [anchor=north east,minimum width=10em,minimum height=10em,draw=black!60,very thick,fill=ugreen!20,drop shadow] (qebox) at ([xshift=-8em]base.90) {};
\node [draw,anchor=south,minimum width=10em,align=center,draw=black!60,very thick,fill=ugreen!20,drop shadow] (qelabel) at ([yshift=0.5em]qebox.north) {\small\footnotesize{需要较为复杂的建模，}\\\small\footnotesize{开发难度同机器翻译系统}};
\node [anchor=north,minimum width=10em] (qetitle) at ([yshift=-0.2em]qebox.north) {{\small\bfnew\large{无参考答案的评价}}};
\draw [-] ([yshift=-2em]qebox.north west) -- ([yshift=-2em]qebox.north east);
\node [anchor=north] (qemethod1) at ([yshift=-0.3em]qetitle.south) {单词级评价};
\node [anchor=north] (qemethod2) at ([yshift=-0.3em]qemethod1.south) {短语级评价};
\node [anchor=north] (qemethod3) at ([yshift=-0.3em]qemethod2.south) {句子级评价};
\node [anchor=north] (qemethod4) at ([yshift=-0.3em]qemethod3.south) {篇章级评价};
% auto evaluation
\node [anchor=north west,minimum width=10em,minimum height=10em,draw=black!60,very thick,fill=red!20,drop shadow] (aebox) at ([xshift=8em]base.90) {};
\node [draw,anchor=south,minimum width=10em,align=center,draw=black!60,very thick,fill=red!20,drop shadow] (aelabel) at ([yshift=0.5em]aebox.north) {\small\footnotesize{基于指标性公式}\\\small\footnotesize{和简单的建模}};
\node [anchor=north,minimum width=10em] (aetitle) at ([yshift=-0.2em]aebox.north) {{\small\bfnew\large{有参考答案的评价}}};
\draw [-] ([yshift=-2em]aebox.north west) -- ([yshift=-2em]aebox.north east);
\node [anchor=north] (aemethod1) at ([yshift=-0.5em]aetitle.south) {BLEU、NIST、};
\node [anchor=north] (aemethod2) at ([yshift=-0.3em]aemethod1.south) {GTM、Meteor、};
\node [anchor=north] (aemethod3) at ([yshift=-0.3em]aemethod2.south) {WER、PER、TER、};
\node [anchor=north] (aemethod4) at ([yshift=-0.3em]aemethod3.south) {HTER ...};
% human evaluation
\node [anchor=north,minimum width=10em,minimum height=6em,draw=black!60,very thick,fill=yellow!20,drop shadow] (hebox) at ([yshift=-4em]base.-90) {};
\node [anchor=north,minimum width=10em] (hetitle) at ([yshift=-0.2em]hebox.north) {{\small\bfnew\large{人工评价}}};
\draw [-] ([yshift=-2em]hebox.north west) -- ([yshift=-2em]hebox.north east);
\node [anchor=north] (hemethod1) at ([yshift=-0.5em]hetitle.south) {流畅度、忠实度、};
\node [anchor=north west] (hemethod2) at ([yshift=-0.0em]hemethod1.south west) {一致性\ \ ...};
% confidence estimation
\node [anchor=east,align=left] (conf) at ([xshift=-6em,yshift=0.6em]hebox.west) {\small\bfnew{用于估计同}\\\small\bfnew{一个系统输}\\\small\bfnew{出的可信度}};
\node [anchor=north,single arrow,minimum height=4.0em,fill=blue!30,rotate=-90] (arrow1) at ([yshift=-2.4em]qebox.south) {};
% comparing different systems
\node [anchor=west,align=left] (com) at ([xshift=8em,yshift=0.6em]hebox.east) {\small\bfnew{用于对比}\\\small\bfnew{不同系统}\\\small\bfnew{的好坏}};
\node [anchor=west,single arrow,minimum height=7.5em,fill=blue!30] (arrow2) at ([yshift=-1.4em,xshift=0.5em]hebox.north east) {};
\node [anchor=north,fill=white] (arrow2label) at ([xshift=-0.5em]arrow2.south) {\footnotesize{{\color{blue} 成本高但精度高}}};
\node [anchor=north,single arrow,minimum height=4.0em,fill=blue!30,rotate=-90] (arrow3) at ([yshift=-2.4em,xshift=2.2em]aebox.south) {};
\node [anchor=west,fill=white,font=\footnotesize,align=left,text=blue,inner sep=0pt] (arrow3label) at ([yshift=2.6em,xshift=0.6em]arrow3.east) {成本低\\无人工\\有偏差};
% system optimization
\node [anchor=west,align=left] (optimization) at ([xshift=2em]aebox.east) {\small\bfnew{用于}\\\small\bfnew{机器}\\\small\bfnew{翻译}\\\small\bfnew{系统}\\\small\bfnew{的调}\\\small\bfnew{优}};
\node [anchor=west,single arrow,minimum height=1.8em,fill=blue!30] (arrow4) at ([xshift=0.4em]aebox.east) {};
\begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
\draw [->,line width=0.3em,dotted,red] ([yshift=1em,xshift=0em]hebox.south east) -- ([yshift=1em,xshift=4em]hebox.south east) -- ([yshift=10em,xshift=4em]hebox.south east) node [pos=0.8,left] {\small{{\color{red} 评价标准}}};
\end{pgfonlayer}
% more arrows
\draw [->,line width=0.3em,ublue] ([yshift=-0.2em]base.-90) -- ([yshift=0.2em]hebox.north);
\draw [->,line width=0.3em,ublue] ([xshift=0.2em]base.0) -- ([xshift=2.7em]base.0);
\draw [->,line width=0.3em,ublue] ([xshift=-0.2em]base.180) -- ([xshift=-2.7em]base.180);
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
\ No newline at end of file
Chapter4/Figures/match-words-with-stem.tex 0 → 100644
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.5]
\tikzstyle{cand} = [draw,line width=1pt,align=center,minimum width=2.6em,minimum height=1.6em,drop shadow={shadow xshift=0.15em},fill=green!30]
\tikzstyle{ref} = [draw,line width=1pt,align=center,minimum width=2.6em,minimum height=1.6em,drop shadow={shadow xshift=0.15em},fill=red!30]
\node[align=center,minimum width=2.4em,minimum height=1.6em,minimum width=6em] (n11) at (0,0){\small\bfnew{Candidate :}};
\node[cand,anchor=west] (n12) at ([xshift=0.0em]n11.east){Can};
\node[cand,anchor=west] (n13) at ([xshift=1em]n12.east){I};
\node[cand,anchor=west] (n14) at ([xshift=1em]n13.east){have};
\node[cand,anchor=west] (n15) at ([xshift=1em]n14.east){this};
\node[cand,anchor=west] (n16) at ([xshift=1em]n15.east){like};
\node[cand,anchor=west] (n17) at ([xshift=1em]n16.east){he};
\node[cand,anchor=west] (n18) at ([xshift=1em]n17.east){do};
\node[cand,anchor=west] (n19) at ([xshift=1em]n18.east){it};
\node[cand,anchor=west] (n20) at ([xshift=1em]n19.east){?};
\node[align=center,minimum width=2.4em,minimum height=1.6em,anchor=north,minimum width=6em] (n21) at ([yshift=-6em]n11.south){\small\bfnew{Reference :}};
\node[ref,anchor=west] (n22) at ([xshift=0.0em]n21.east){Can};
\node[ref,anchor=west] (n23) at ([xshift=1em]n22.east){I};
\node[ref,anchor=west] (n24) at ([xshift=1em]n23.east){eat};
\node[ref,anchor=west] (n25) at ([xshift=1em]n24.east){this};
\node[ref,anchor=west] (n26) at ([xshift=1em]n25.east){Can};
\node[ref,anchor=west] (n27) at ([xshift=1em]n26.east){like};
\node[ref,anchor=west] (n28) at ([xshift=1em]n27.east){he};
\node[ref,anchor=west] (n29) at ([xshift=1em]n28.east){did};
\node[ref,anchor=west] (n30) at ([xshift=1em]n29.east){?};
\node[align=center,minimum width=2.4em,minimum height=1.6em,minimum width=6em] (n31) at ([yshift=-5em]n21.south){\small\bfnew{Candidate :}};
\node[cand,anchor=west] (n32) at ([xshift=0.0em]n31.east){Can};
\node[cand,anchor=west] (n33) at ([xshift=1em]n32.east){I};
\node[cand,anchor=west] (n34) at ([xshift=1em]n33.east){have};
\node[cand,anchor=west] (n35) at ([xshift=1em]n34.east){this};
\node[cand,anchor=west] (n36) at ([xshift=1em]n35.east){like};
\node[cand,anchor=west] (n37) at ([xshift=1em]n36.east){he};
\node[cand,anchor=west] (n38) at ([xshift=1em]n37.east){do};
\node[cand,anchor=west] (n39) at ([xshift=1em]n38.east){it};
\node[cand,anchor=west] (n40) at ([xshift=1em]n39.east){?};
\node[align=center,minimum width=2.4em,minimum height=1.6em,anchor=north,minimum width=6em] (n41) at ([yshift=-6em]n31.south){\small\bfnew{Reference :}};
\node[ref,anchor=west] (n42) at ([xshift=0.0em]n41.east){Can};
\node[ref,anchor=west] (n43) at ([xshift=1em]n42.east){I};
\node[ref,anchor=west] (n44) at ([xshift=1em]n43.east){eat};
\node[ref,anchor=west] (n45) at ([xshift=1em]n44.east){this};
\node[ref,anchor=west] (n46) at ([xshift=1em]n45.east){Can};
\node[ref,anchor=west] (n47) at ([xshift=1em]n46.east){like};
\node[ref,anchor=west] (n48) at ([xshift=1em]n47.east){he};
\node[ref,anchor=west] (n49) at ([xshift=1em]n48.east){did};
\node[ref,anchor=west] (n50) at ([xshift=1em]n49.east){?};
\draw[line width=1.6pt,blue!40] (n12.south) -- (n22.north);
\draw[line width=1.6pt,blue!40] (n13.south) -- (n23.north);
\draw[line width=1.6pt,blue!40] (n15.south) -- (n25.north);
\draw[line width=1.6pt,blue!40] (n16.south) -- (n27.north);
\draw[line width=1.6pt,blue!40] (n17.south) -- (n28.north);
\draw[line width=1.6pt,blue!40] (n20.south) -- (n30.north);
\draw[line width=2pt,orange!40] (n18.south) -- (n29.north);
\draw[line width=1.6pt,blue!40] (n32.south) -- (n46.north);
\draw[line width=1.6pt,blue!40] (n33.south) -- (n43.north);
\draw[line width=1.6pt,blue!40] (n35.south) -- (n45.north);
\draw[line width=1.6pt,blue!40] (n36.south) -- (n47.north);
\draw[line width=1.6pt,blue!40] (n37.south) -- (n48.north);
\draw[line width=1.6pt,blue!40] (n40.south) -- (n50.north);
\draw[line width=2pt,orange!40] (n38.south) -- (n49.north);
\end{tikzpicture}
\ No newline at end of file
Chapter4/Figures/representation-of-czech-reference-answer-set.tex 0 → 100644
\begin{tikzpicture}
\tikzstyle{unit} = [circle,line width=1.5pt,draw,minimum size=1.5em]
\node[unit] (u1)at (0,0){};
\node[unit,anchor=west](u2) at ([xshift=5em]u1.east){};
\node[unit,anchor=west](u3) at ([xshift=5em]u2.east){};
\node[unit,anchor=west](u4) at ([xshift=2em]u3.east){};
\node[unit,anchor=west](u5) at ([xshift=4em]u4.east){};
\draw[->,out=40,in=140,red,line width=1.5pt] (u1.north east) to node[inner sep=0pt,color=red,above]{\footnotesize městská rada}(u2.north west);
\draw[->,out=-40,in=-140,red,line width=1.5pt] (u1.south east) to node[inner sep=0pt,color=red,below]{\footnotesize zastupitelstvo města}(u2.south west);
\draw[->,out=40,in=140,teal,line width=1.5pt] (u2.north east) to node[inner sep=0pt,color=teal,above]{\footnotesize schválila}(u3.north west);
\draw[->,teal,line width=1.5pt](u2.east)-- node[inner sep=0pt,color=teal,above]{\footnotesize požehnala}(u3.west);
\draw[->,out=-40,in=-140,teal,line width=1.5pt] (u2.south east) to node[inner sep=0pt,color=teal,below]{\footnotesize souhlasila s}(u3.south west);
\draw[->,line width=1.5pt](u3.east) -- node[above]{\footnotesize nový} (u4.west);
\draw[->,out=40,in=140,blue,line width=1.5pt] (u4.north east) to node[inner sep=0pt,color=blue,above]{\footnotesize předpis}(u5.north west);
\draw[->,blue,line width=1.5pt](u4.east)-- node[inner sep=0pt,color=blue,above]{\footnotesize směrnici}(u5.west);
\draw[->,out=-40,in=-140,blue,line width=1.5pt] (u4.south east) to node[inner sep=0pt,color=blue,below]{\footnotesize nařízení}(u5.south west);
\end{tikzpicture}
Chapter4/Figures/representation-of-english-reference-answer-set.tex 0 → 100644
\begin{tikzpicture}
\tikzstyle{unit} = [circle,line width=1.5pt,draw,minimum size=1.5em]
\node[unit] (u1)at (0,0){};
\node[unit,anchor=west](u2) at ([xshift=2em]u1.east){};
\node[unit,anchor=west](u3) at ([xshift=5em]u2.east){};
\node[unit,anchor=west](u4) at ([xshift=6em]u3.east){};
\node[unit,anchor=west](u5) at ([xshift=3em]u4.east){};
\node[unit,anchor=west](u6) at ([xshift=4em]u5.east){};
\draw[->,line width=1.5pt](u1.east) -- node[above]{\footnotesize the} (u2.west);
\draw[->,out=40,in=140,red,line width=1.5pt] (u2.north east) to node[inner sep=0pt,color=red,above]{\footnotesize city council}(u3.north west);
\draw[->,out=-40,in=-140,red,line width=1.5pt] (u2.south east) to node[inner sep=0pt,color=red,below]{\footnotesize local government}(u3.south west);
\draw[->,out=40,in=140,teal,line width=1.5pt] (u3.north east) to node[inner sep=0pt,color=teal,above]{\footnotesize approved}(u4.north west);
\draw[->,teal,line width=1.5pt](u3.east)-- node[inner sep=0pt,color=teal,above]{\footnotesize gave blessing to}(u4.west);
\draw[->,out=-40,in=-140,teal,line width=1.5pt] (u3.south east) to node[inner sep=0pt,color=teal,below]{\footnotesize agreed with}(u4.south west);
\draw[->,line width=1.5pt](u4.east) -- node[above]{\footnotesize a new} (u5.west);
\draw[->,out=40,in=140,blue,line width=1.5pt] (u5.north east) to node[inner sep=0pt,color=blue,above]{\footnotesize regulation}(u6.north west);
\draw[->,blue,line width=1.5pt](u5.east)-- node[inner sep=0pt,color=blue,above]{\footnotesize decree}(u6.west);
\draw[->,out=-40,in=-140,blue,line width=1.5pt] (u5.south east) to node[inner sep=0pt,color=blue,below]{\footnotesize directive}(u6.south west);
\end{tikzpicture}
Chapter4/Figures/representation-of-reference-answer-set-in-hyter.tex 0 → 100644
\begin{tikzpicture}
\tikzstyle{unit} = [circle,line width=1.5pt,draw,minimum size=1.5em]
\node[unit] (u1)at (0,0){};
\node[unit,anchor=west](u2) at ([xshift=7em]u1.east){};
\node[unit,anchor=west](u3) at ([xshift=1.5em]u2.east){};
\node[unit,anchor=west](u4) at ([xshift=8em]u3.east){};
\node[unit,anchor=west](u5) at ([xshift=1.5em]u4.east){};
\node[unit,anchor=west](u6) at ([xshift=5em]u5.east){};
\node[unit,anchor=west,line width=1.5pt](u7) at ([xshift=2em]u6.east){};
\node[unit,anchor=west,line width=1.5pt,minimum size=1em](u8) at ([xshift=2.25em]u6.east){};
\draw[->,out=40,in=140,red,line width=1.5pt] (u1.north east) to node[inner sep=0pt,color=red,above]{\footnotesize the level of approval}(u2.north west);
\draw[->,red,line width=1.5pt](u1.east)-- node[inner sep=0pt,color=red,above]{\footnotesize the approval rate}(u2.west);
\draw[->,out=-30,in=-150,red,line width=1.5pt] (u1.south east) to node[inner sep=0pt,color=red,below]{\footnotesize the approval level}(u2.south west);
\draw[->,line width=1.5pt](u2.east) -- node[above]{\footnotesize for} (u3.west);
\draw[->,line width=1.5pt](u3.east) -- node[above]{\footnotesize national football team} (u4.west);
\draw[->,line width=1.5pt](u4.east) -- node[above]{\footnotesize was} (u5.west);
\draw[->,out=40,in=140,blue,line width=1.5pt] (u5.north east) to node[inner sep=0pt,color=blue,above]{\footnotesize pratically}(u6.north west);
\draw[->,blue,line width=1.5pt](u5.east)-- node[inner sep=0pt,color=blue,above]{\footnotesize close to}(u6.west);
\draw[->,out=-30,in=-150,blue,line width=1.5pt] (u5.south east) to node[inner sep=0pt,color=blue,below]{\footnotesize about equal to}(u6.south west);
\draw[->,line width=1.5pt](u6.east) -- node[above]{\footnotesize zero} (u7.west);
\end{tikzpicture}
Chapter4/Figures/schematic-diagram-of-phrase-level-quality assessment-task.tex 0 → 100644
%\usetikzlibrary{backgrounds}
%\usetikzlibrary{fit}
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.5]
\tikzstyle{unit} = [draw,inner sep=1.2pt,font=\tiny,minimum height=1em]
\tikzstyle{box} = [draw=blue!40,rectangle,inner xsep=1.4pt,inner ysep=3pt,line width=1.2pt]
\tikzstyle{bad_tag} = [fill=red!15,inner sep=1pt,align=center,font=\tiny,text=red,minimum height=0.8em]
\tikzstyle{ok_tag} = [fill=ugreen!15,inner sep=1pt,align=center,font=\tiny,text=ugreen,minimum height=0.8em]
\coordinate (o) at (0, 0);
\node[anchor=west,inner sep=0pt,align=center,font=\tiny] (n1_1) at ([yshift=8em]o.east){\textbf{Source}};
\node[unit,anchor=west,fill=green!20](n1_2) at ([xshift=1.2em]n1_1.east){Bei};
\node[unit,anchor=west,fill=green!20](n1_3) at ([xshift=0.4em]n1_2.east){Patienten};
\node[unit,anchor=west,fill=green!20](n1_4) at ([xshift=0.4em]n1_3.east){mit};
\node[unit,anchor=west,fill=green!20](n1_5) at ([xshift=1em]n1_4.east){eingeschränkter};
\node[unit,anchor=west,fill=green!20](n1_6) at ([xshift=0.4em]n1_5.east){Nierenfunktion};
\node[unit,anchor=west,fill=green!20](n1_7) at ([xshift=0.4em]n1_6.east){kann};
\node[unit,anchor=west,fill=green!20](n1_8) at ([xshift=1em]n1_7.east){der};
\node[unit,anchor=west,fill=green!20](n1_9) at ([xshift=0.4em]n1_8.east){Insulinbedarf};
\node[unit,anchor=west,fill=green!20](n1_10) at ([xshift=1em]n1_9.east){infolge};
\node[unit,anchor=west,fill=green!20](n1_11) at ([xshift=0.4em]n1_10.east){des};
\node[unit,anchor=west,fill=green!20](n1_12) at ([xshift=1em]n1_11.east){verminderten};
\node[unit,anchor=west,fill=green!20](n1_13) at ([xshift=1em]n1_12.east){Insulinabbaus};
\node[unit,anchor=west,fill=green!20](n1_14) at ([xshift=1em]n1_13.east){verringert};
\node[unit,anchor=west,fill=green!20](n1_15) at ([xshift=0.4em]n1_14.east){sein};
\node[anchor=west,inner sep=0pt,align=center,font=\tiny] (n2_1) at ([yshift=-2em]o.east){\textbf{MT}};
\node[unit,anchor=west,fill=red!20](n2_2) at ([xshift=3.4em]n2_1.east){In};
\node[unit,anchor=west,fill=red!20](n2_3) at ([xshift=0.4em]n2_2.east){patients};
\node[unit,anchor=west,fill=red!20](n2_4) at ([xshift=0.4em]n2_3.east){with};
\node[unit,anchor=west,fill=red!20](n2_5) at ([xshift=1.6em]n2_4.east){renal};
\node[unit,anchor=west,fill=red!20](n2_6) at ([xshift=0.4em]n2_5.east){impairment};
\node[unit,anchor=west,fill=red!20](n2_7) at ([xshift=1em]n2_6.east){,};
\node[unit,anchor=west,fill=red!20](n2_8) at ([xshift=1em]n2_7.east){insulin};
\node[unit,anchor=west,fill=red!20](n2_9) at ([xshift=0.4em]n2_8.east){requirements};
\node[unit,anchor=west,fill=red!20](n2_10) at ([xshift=0.4em]n2_9.east){may};
\node[unit,anchor=west,fill=red!20](n2_11) at ([xshift=2.2em]n2_10.east){be};
\node[unit,anchor=west,fill=red!20](n2_12) at ([xshift=2.2em]n2_11.east){diminished};
\node[unit,anchor=west,fill=red!20](n2_13) at ([xshift=1.6em]n2_12.east){due};
\node[unit,anchor=west,fill=red!20](n2_14) at ([xshift=0.4em]n2_13.east){to};
\node[unit,anchor=west,fill=red!20](n2_15) at ([xshift=1.6em]n2_14.east){reduced};
\begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
\node [box] [fit = (n1_2) (n1_3) (n1_4)] (box1_1) {};
\node [box] [fit = (n1_5) (n1_6) (n1_7)] (box1_2) {};
\node [box] [fit = (n1_8) (n1_9)] (box1_3) {};
\node [box] [fit = (n1_10) (n1_11) ] (box1_4) {};
\node [box] [fit = (n1_12)] (box1_5) {};
\node [box] [fit = (n1_13)] (box1_6) {};
\node [box] [fit = (n1_14) (n1_15)] (box1_7) {};
\node [box] [fit = (n2_2) (n2_3) (n2_4)] (box2_1) {};
\node [box] [fit = (n2_5) (n2_6)] (box2_2) {};
\node [box] [fit = (n2_8) (n2_9) (n2_10)] (box2_3) {};
\node [box] [fit = (n2_11)] (box2_4) {};
\node [box] [fit = (n2_12)] (box2_5) {};
\node [box] [fit = (n2_13) (n2_14) ] (box2_6) {};
\node [box] [fit = (n2_15)] (box2_7) {};
\end{pgfonlayer}
\node[bad_tag,anchor=north] at ([yshift=-2pt]box2_1.south){BAD\_word\_order};
\node[bad_tag,anchor=north] at ([yshift=-2pt]box2_2.south){BAD};
\node[ok_tag,anchor=north] at ([yshift=-2pt]box2_3.south){OK};
\node[ok_tag,anchor=north] at ([yshift=-2pt]box2_4.south){OK};
\node[ok_tag,anchor=north] at ([yshift=-2pt]box2_5.south){OK};
\node[ok_tag,anchor=north] at ([yshift=-2pt]box2_6.south){OK};
\node[ok_tag,anchor=north] (tag_1) at ([yshift=-2pt]box2_7.south){OK};
\node[ok_tag,anchor=north] (gap_1) at ([xshift=-5.6em,yshift=-3em]box2_1.south){OK};
\node[ok_tag,anchor=north] (gap_2) at ([xshift=5.1em,yshift=-3em]box2_1.south){OK};
\node[ok_tag,anchor=north] (gap_3) at ([xshift=5.7em,yshift=-3em]box2_2.south){OK};
\node[ok_tag,anchor=north] (gap_4) at ([xshift=7.5em,yshift=-3em]box2_3.south){OK};
\node[bad_tag,anchor=north] (gap_5) at ([xshift=2.8em,yshift=-3em]box2_4.south){BAD\_omission};
\node[ok_tag,anchor=north] (gap_6) at ([xshift=3.5em,yshift=-3em]box2_5.south){OK};
\node[ok_tag,anchor=north] (gap_7) at ([xshift=2.7em,yshift=-3em]box2_6.south){OK};
\node[ok_tag,anchor=north] (tag_2) at ([xshift=3.1em,yshift=-3em]box2_7.south){OK};
\node[anchor=west,inner sep=0pt,align=center,font=\tiny] at ([xshift=3.6em]tag_1.east){\textbf{Phrase-target tags}};
\node[anchor=west,inner sep=0pt,align=center,font=\tiny] at ([xshift=4.8em]tag_2.east){\textbf{Gap tags}};
\draw[magenta!50,line width=1pt] (n1_2.south) -- (n2_2.north);
\draw[magenta!50,line width=1pt] (n1_3.south) -- (n2_3.north);
\draw[magenta!50,line width=1pt] (n1_3.south) -- (n2_4.north);
\draw[magenta!50,line width=1pt] (n1_4.south) -- (n2_4.north);
\draw[magenta!50,line width=1pt] (n1_5.south) -- (n2_5.north);
\draw[magenta!50,line width=1pt] (n1_6.south) -- (n2_5.north);
\draw[magenta!50,line width=1pt] (n1_6.south) -- (n2_6.north);
\draw[magenta!50,line width=1pt] (n1_7.south) -- (n2_10.north);
\draw[magenta!50,line width=1pt] (n1_8.south) -- (n2_12.north);
\draw[magenta!50,line width=1pt] (n1_9.south) -- (n2_12.north);
\draw[magenta!50,line width=1pt] (n1_10.south) -- (n2_13.north);
\draw[magenta!50,line width=1pt] (n1_10.south) -- (n2_14.north);
\draw[magenta!50,line width=1pt] (n1_12.south) -- (n2_15.north);
\draw[magenta!50,line width=1pt] (n1_13.south) -- (n2_11.north);
\draw[dash pattern=on 2pt off 1pt,gray,line width=1pt](gap_1.north) -- ([yshift=3em]gap_1.north);
\draw[dash pattern=on 2pt off 1pt,gray,line width=1pt](gap_2.north) -- ([yshift=3em]gap_2.north);
\draw[dash pattern=on 2pt off 1pt,gray,line width=1pt](gap_3.north) -- ([yshift=3em]gap_3.north);
\draw[dash pattern=on 2pt off 1pt,gray,line width=1pt](gap_4.north) -- ([yshift=3em]gap_4.north);
\draw[dash pattern=on 2pt off 1pt,gray,line width=1pt]([xshift=-0.8em]gap_5.north) -- ([xshift=-0.8em,yshift=3em]gap_5.north);
\draw[dash pattern=on 2pt off 1pt,gray,line width=1pt](gap_6.north) -- ([yshift=3em]gap_6.north);
\draw[dash pattern=on 2pt off 1pt,gray,line width=1pt](gap_7.north) -- ([yshift=3em]gap_7.north);
\draw[dash pattern=on 2pt off 1pt,gray,line width=1pt](tag_2.north) -- ([yshift=3em]tag_2.north);
\end{tikzpicture}
Chapter4/Figures/schematic-diagram-of-word-level-quality-assessment-task.tex 0 → 100644
\definecolor{ugreen}{rgb}{0,0.5,0}
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.6]
\tikzstyle{unit} = [draw,inner sep=3pt,font=\tiny,minimum height=1.2em]
\tikzstyle{bad_tag} = [fill=red!15,inner sep=1pt,align=center,font=\tiny,text=red]
\tikzstyle{ok_tag} = [fill=ugreen!15,inner sep=1pt,align=center,font=\tiny,text=ugreen]
\coordinate (o) at (0, 0);
\node[anchor=west,inner sep=0pt,align=center,font=\scriptsize] (n1_1) at ([yshift=5.5em]o.east){\textbf{Source}};
\node[unit,anchor=west,fill=green!20](n1_2) at ([xshift=7.6em]n1_1.east){The};
\node[unit,anchor=west,fill=green!20](n1_3) at ([xshift=0.8em]n1_2.east){Sharpen};
\node[unit,anchor=west,fill=green!20](n1_4) at ([xshift=0.8em]n1_3.east){tool};
\node[unit,anchor=west,fill=green!20](n1_5) at ([xshift=0.8em]n1_4.east){sharpens};
\node[unit,anchor=west,fill=green!20](n1_6) at ([xshift=0.8em]n1_5.east){areas};
\node[unit,anchor=west,fill=green!20](n1_7) at ([xshift=0.8em]n1_6.east){in};
\node[unit,anchor=west,fill=green!20](n1_8) at ([xshift=0.8em]n1_7.east){an};
\node[unit,anchor=west,fill=green!20](n1_9) at ([xshift=0.8em]n1_8.east){image};
\node[unit,anchor=west,fill=green!20](n1_10) at ([xshift=0.8em]n1_9.east){.};
\node[anchor=west,inner sep=0pt,align=center,font=\scriptsize] (n2_1) at (o.east){\textbf{PE}};
\node[unit,anchor=west,fill=red!20](n2_2) at ([xshift=1em]n2_1.east){Mit};
\node[unit,anchor=west,fill=red!20](n2_3) at ([xshift=0.8em]n2_2.east){dem};
\node[unit,anchor=west,fill=red!20](n2_4) at ([xshift=0.8em]n2_3.east){Scharfzeichner};
\node[unit,anchor=west,fill=red!20](n2_5) at ([xshift=0.8em]n2_4.east){können};
\node[unit,anchor=west,fill=red!20](n2_6) at ([xshift=0.8em]n2_5.east){Sie};
\node[unit,anchor=west,fill=red!20](n2_7) at ([xshift=0.8em]n2_6.east){einzelne};
\node[unit,anchor=west,fill=red!20](n2_8) at ([xshift=0.8em]n2_7.east){Bereiche};
\node[unit,anchor=west,fill=red!20](n2_9) at ([xshift=0.8em]n2_8.east){in};
\node[unit,anchor=west,fill=red!20](n2_10) at ([xshift=0.8em]n2_9.east){einem};
\node[unit,anchor=west,fill=red!20](n2_11) at ([xshift=0.8em]n2_10.east){Bild};
\node[unit,anchor=west,fill=red!20](n2_12) at ([xshift=0.8em]n2_11.east){scharfzeichnen};
\node[unit,anchor=west,fill=red!20](n2_13) at ([xshift=0.8em]n2_12.east){.};
\node[anchor=west,inner sep=0pt,align=center,font=\scriptsize] (n3_1) at ([yshift=-5.5em]o.east){\textbf{MT}};
\node[unit,anchor=west,fill=blue!20](n3_2) at ([xshift=4.7em]n3_1.east){Der};
\node[unit,anchor=west,fill=blue!20](n3_3) at ([xshift=0.8em]n3_2.east){Schärfen-Werkezug};
\node[unit,anchor=west,fill=blue!20](n3_4) at ([xshift=0.8em]n3_3.east){Bereiche};
\node[unit,anchor=west,fill=blue!20](n3_5) at ([xshift=0.8em]n3_4.east){in};
\node[unit,anchor=west,fill=blue!20](n3_6) at ([xshift=0.8em]n3_5.east){einem};
\node[unit,anchor=west,fill=blue!20](n3_7) at ([xshift=0.8em]n3_6.east){Bild};
\node[unit,anchor=west,fill=blue!20](n3_8) at ([xshift=0.8em]n3_7.east){Schärfer};
\node[unit,anchor=west,fill=blue!20](n3_9) at ([xshift=0.8em]n3_8.east){erscheint};
\node[unit,anchor=west,fill=blue!20](n3_10) at ([xshift=0.8em]n3_9.east){.};
\node[bad_tag,anchor=south] at ([yshift=2pt]n1_2.north){BAD};
\node[bad_tag,anchor=south] at ([yshift=2pt]n1_3.north){BAD};
\node[bad_tag,anchor=south] at ([yshift=2pt]n1_4.north){BAD};
\node[bad_tag,anchor=south] at ([yshift=2pt]n1_5.north){BAD};
\node[ok_tag,anchor=south] at ([yshift=2pt]n1_6.north){OK};
\node[ok_tag,anchor=south] at ([yshift=2pt]n1_7.north){OK};
\node[ok_tag,anchor=south] at ([yshift=2pt]n1_8.north){OK};
\node[ok_tag,anchor=south] at ([yshift=2pt]n1_9.north){OK};
\node[ok_tag,anchor=south] (tag1) at ([yshift=2pt]n1_10.north){OK};
\node[bad_tag,anchor=north] at ([yshift=-2pt]n3_2.south){BAD};
\node[bad_tag,anchor=north] at ([yshift=-2pt]n3_3.south){BAD};
\node[ok_tag,anchor=north] at ([yshift=-2pt]n3_4.south){OK};
\node[ok_tag,anchor=north] at ([yshift=-2pt]n3_5.south){OK};
\node[ok_tag,anchor=north] at ([yshift=-2pt]n3_6.south){OK};
\node[ok_tag,anchor=north] at ([yshift=-2pt]n3_7.south){OK};
\node[bad_tag,anchor=north] at ([yshift=-2pt]n3_8.south){BAD};
\node[bad_tag,anchor=north] at ([yshift=-2pt]n3_9.south){BAD};
\node[ok_tag,anchor=north] (tag2) at ([yshift=-2pt]n3_10.south){OK};
\node[bad_tag,anchor=north] (gap_1)at ([xshift=-2em,yshift=-2em]n3_2.south){BAD};
\node[ok_tag,anchor=north] (gap_2)at ([xshift=1.6em,yshift=-2em]n3_2.south){OK};
\node[bad_tag,anchor=north] (gap_3)at ([xshift=4.4em,yshift=-2em]n3_3.south){BAD};
\node[ok_tag,anchor=north] (gap_4)at ([xshift=2.5em,yshift=-2em]n3_4.south){OK};
\node[ok_tag,anchor=north] (gap_5)at ([xshift=1.3em,yshift=-2em]n3_5.south){OK};
\node[ok_tag,anchor=north] (gap_6)at ([xshift=2em,yshift=-2em]n3_6.south){OK};
\node[ok_tag,anchor=north] (gap_7)at ([xshift=1.7em,yshift=-2em]n3_7.south){OK};
\node[ok_tag,anchor=north] (gap_8)at ([xshift=2.4em,yshift=-2em]n3_8.south){OK};
\node[ok_tag,anchor=north] (gap_9)at ([xshift=2.5em,yshift=-2em]n3_9.south){OK};
\node[ok_tag,anchor=north](tag3) at ([xshift=1.3em,yshift=-2em]n3_10.south){OK};
\draw[dash pattern=on 2pt off 1pt,gray,line width=1pt](gap_1.north) -- ([yshift=2em]gap_1.north);
\draw[dash pattern=on 2pt off 1pt,gray,line width=1pt](gap_2.north) -- ([yshift=2em]gap_2.north);
\draw[dash pattern=on 2pt off 1pt,gray,line width=1pt](gap_3.north) -- ([yshift=2em]gap_3.north);
\draw[dash pattern=on 2pt off 1pt,gray,line width=1pt](gap_4.north) -- ([yshift=2em]gap_4.north);
\draw[dash pattern=on 2pt off 1pt,gray,line width=1pt](gap_5.north) -- ([yshift=2em]gap_5.north);
\draw[dash pattern=on 2pt off 1pt,gray,line width=1pt](gap_6.north) -- ([yshift=2em]gap_6.north);
\draw[dash pattern=on 2pt off 1pt,gray,line width=1pt](gap_7.north) -- ([yshift=2em]gap_7.north);
\draw[dash pattern=on 2pt off 1pt,gray,line width=1pt](gap_8.north) -- ([yshift=2em]gap_8.north);
\draw[dash pattern=on 2pt off 1pt,gray,line width=1pt](gap_9.north) -- ([yshift=2em]gap_9.north);
\draw[dash pattern=on 2pt off 1pt,gray,line width=1pt](tag3.north) -- ([yshift=2em]tag3.north);
\draw [line width=1pt](n1_2.south) -- (n2_3.north);
\draw [line width=1pt](n1_3.south) -- (n2_4.north);
\draw [line width=1pt](n1_4.south) -- (n2_4.north);
\draw [line width=1pt](n1_5.south) -- (n2_12.north);
\draw [line width=1pt](n1_6.south) -- (n2_8.north);
\draw [line width=1pt](n1_7.south) -- (n2_9.north);
\draw [line width=1pt](n1_8.south) -- (n2_10.north);
\draw [line width=1pt](n1_9.south) -- (n2_11.north);
\draw [line width=1pt](n1_10.south) -- (n2_13.north);
\draw[line width=1pt,red!60] (n2_3.south) -- (n3_2.north);
\draw[line width=1pt,red!60] (n2_4.south) -- (n3_3.north);
\draw[line width=1pt,ugreen!60] (n2_8.south) -- (n3_4.north);
\draw[line width=1pt,ugreen!60] (n2_9.south) -- (n3_5.north);
\draw[line width=1pt,ugreen!60] (n2_10.south) -- (n3_6.north);
\draw[line width=1pt,ugreen!60] (n2_11.south) -- (n3_7.north);
\draw[line width=1pt,red!60] (n2_12.south) -- (n3_8.north);
\draw[line width=1pt,ugreen!60] (n2_13.south) -- (n3_10.north);
\node[anchor=west,inner sep=0pt,align=center,font=\scriptsize] at ([xshift=4.6em]tag1.east){\textbf{Source tags}};
\node[anchor=west,inner sep=0pt,align=center,font=\scriptsize] at ([xshift=2.6em]tag2.east){\textbf{MT tags}};
\node[anchor=west,inner sep=0pt,align=center,font=\scriptsize] at ([xshift=1.1em]tag3.east){\textbf{Gap tags}};
\end{tikzpicture}
\ No newline at end of file
Chapter4/Figures/several-common-distributed-representations.tex 0 → 100644
\begin{tikzpicture}
\tikzstyle{unit1} = [inner sep=1pt,align=center,font=\footnotesize]
\tikzstyle{unit2} = [inner sep=1pt,align=center,font=\scriptsize]
\node[unit1] (n1) at (0,0){单词分布式表示};
\node[unit2,anchor=west] (n11) at ([xshift=1em,yshift=4em]n1.east){one-hot词向量};
\node[unit2,anchor=west] (n12) at ([xshift=1em,yshift=2.4em]n1.east){Word2Vec词向量};
\node[unit2,anchor=west] (n13) at ([xshift=1em,yshift=0.8em]n1.east){GloVe词向量};
\node[unit2,anchor=west] (n14) at ([xshift=1em,yshift=-0.8em]n1.east){…};
\node[unit2,anchor=west] (n15) at ([xshift=1em,yshift=-2.4em]n1.east){ELMO预训练词向量};
\node[unit2,anchor=west] (n16) at ([xshift=1em,yshift=-4em]n1.east){BERT预训练词向量};
\draw[decorate,decoration={brace,mirror,amplitude=2mm}] ([xshift=-0.3em]n11.west) -- ([xshift=-0.3em]n16.west);
\node[unit1,anchor=west] (n2) at ([xshift=9em]n1.east){句子分布式表示};
\node[unit2,anchor=west] (n21) at ([xshift=1em,yshift=4.2em]n2.east){RAE编码};
\node[unit2,anchor=west] (n22) at ([xshift=1em,yshift=2.8em]n2.east){Doc2Vec向量};
\node[unit2,anchor=west] (n23) at ([xshift=1em,yshift=1.4em]n2.east){ELMO预训练句子表示};
\node[unit2,anchor=west] (n24) at ([xshift=1em,yshift=0em]n2.east){…};
\node[unit2,anchor=west] (n25) at ([xshift=1em,yshift=-1.4em]n2.east){GPT句子表示};
\node[unit2,anchor=west] (n26) at ([xshift=1em,yshift=-2.8em]n2.east){BERT预训练句子表示};
\node[unit2,anchor=west] (n27) at ([xshift=1em,yshift=-4.2em]n2.east){skip-thought向量};
\draw[decorate,decoration={brace,mirror,amplitude=2mm}] ([xshift=-0.3em]n21.west) -- ([xshift=-0.3em]n27.west);
\end{tikzpicture}
Chapter4/Figures/synonym-matching-word-alignment.tex 0 → 100644
\definecolor{ugreen}{rgb}{0,0.5,0}
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.5]
\tikzstyle{cand} = [draw,line width=1pt,align=center,minimum width=2.6em,minimum height=1.6em,drop shadow={shadow xshift=0.15em},fill=green!30]
\tikzstyle{ref} = [draw,line width=1pt,align=center,minimum width=2.6em,minimum height=1.6em,drop shadow={shadow xshift=0.15em},fill=red!30]
\node[align=center,minimum width=2.4em,minimum height=1.6em,minimum width=6em] (n11) at (0,0){\small\bfnew{Candidate :}};
\node[cand,anchor=west] (n12) at ([xshift=0.0em]n11.east){Can};
\node[cand,anchor=west] (n13) at ([xshift=1em]n12.east){I};
\node[cand,anchor=west] (n14) at ([xshift=1em]n13.east){have};
\node[cand,anchor=west] (n15) at ([xshift=1em]n14.east){this};
\node[cand,anchor=west] (n16) at ([xshift=1em]n15.east){like};
\node[cand,anchor=west] (n17) at ([xshift=1em]n16.east){he};
\node[cand,anchor=west] (n18) at ([xshift=1em]n17.east){do};
\node[cand,anchor=west] (n19) at ([xshift=1em]n18.east){it};
\node[cand,anchor=west] (n20) at ([xshift=1em]n19.east){?};
\node[align=center,minimum width=2.4em,minimum height=1.6em,anchor=north,minimum width=6em] (n21) at ([yshift=-6em]n11.south){\small\bfnew{Reference :}};
\node[ref,anchor=west] (n22) at ([xshift=0.0em]n21.east){Can};
\node[ref,anchor=west] (n23) at ([xshift=1em]n22.east){I};
\node[ref,anchor=west] (n24) at ([xshift=1em]n23.east){eat};
\node[ref,anchor=west] (n25) at ([xshift=1em]n24.east){this};
\node[ref,anchor=west] (n26) at ([xshift=1em]n25.east){Can};
\node[ref,anchor=west] (n27) at ([xshift=1em]n26.east){like};
\node[ref,anchor=west] (n28) at ([xshift=1em]n27.east){he};
\node[ref,anchor=west] (n29) at ([xshift=1em]n28.east){did};
\node[ref,anchor=west] (n30) at ([xshift=1em]n29.east){?};
\node[align=center,minimum width=2.4em,minimum height=1.6em,anchor=north,minimum width=6em] (n31) at ([yshift=-5em]n21.south){\small\bfnew{Candidate :}};
\node[cand,anchor=west] (n32) at ([xshift=0.0em]n31.east){Can};
\node[cand,anchor=west] (n33) at ([xshift=1em]n32.east){I};
\node[cand,anchor=west] (n34) at ([xshift=1em]n33.east){have};
\node[cand,anchor=west] (n35) at ([xshift=1em]n34.east){this};
\node[cand,anchor=west] (n36) at ([xshift=1em]n35.east){like};
\node[cand,anchor=west] (n37) at ([xshift=1em]n36.east){he};
\node[cand,anchor=west] (n38) at ([xshift=1em]n37.east){do};
\node[cand,anchor=west] (n39) at ([xshift=1em]n38.east){it};
\node[cand,anchor=west] (n40) at ([xshift=1em]n39.east){?};
\node[align=center,minimum width=2.4em,minimum height=1.6em,anchor=north,minimum width=6em] (n41) at ([yshift=-6em]n31.south){\small\bfnew{Candidate :}};
\node[ref,anchor=west] (n42) at ([xshift=0.0em]n41.east){Can};
\node[ref,anchor=west] (n43) at ([xshift=1em]n42.east){I};
\node[ref,anchor=west] (n44) at ([xshift=1em]n43.east){eat};
\node[ref,anchor=west] (n45) at ([xshift=1em]n44.east){this};
\node[ref,anchor=west] (n46) at ([xshift=1em]n45.east){Can};
\node[ref,anchor=west] (n47) at ([xshift=1em]n46.east){like};
\node[ref,anchor=west] (n48) at ([xshift=1em]n47.east){he};
\node[ref,anchor=west] (n49) at ([xshift=1em]n48.east){did};
\node[ref,anchor=west] (n50) at ([xshift=1em]n49.east){?};
\draw[line width=1.6pt,blue!40] (n12.south) -- (n22.north);
\draw[line width=1.6pt,blue!40] (n13.south) -- (n23.north);
\draw[line width=1.6pt,blue!40] (n15.south) -- (n25.north);
\draw[line width=1.6pt,blue!40] (n16.south) -- (n27.north);
\draw[line width=1.6pt,blue!40] (n17.south) -- (n28.north);
\draw[line width=1.6pt,blue!40] (n20.south) -- (n30.north);
\draw[line width=1.6pt,orange!40] (n18.south) -- (n29.north);
\draw[line width=2pt,ugreen!40](n14.south) -- (n24.north);
\draw[line width=1.6pt,blue!40] (n32.south) -- (n46.north);
\draw[line width=1.6pt,blue!40] (n33.south) -- (n43.north);
\draw[line width=1.6pt,blue!40] (n35.south) -- (n45.north);
\draw[line width=1.6pt,blue!40] (n36.south) -- (n47.north);
\draw[line width=1.6pt,blue!40] (n37.south) -- (n48.north);
\draw[line width=1.6pt,blue!40] (n40.south) -- (n50.north);
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\draw[line width=2pt,ugreen!40](n34.south) -- (n44.north);
\end{tikzpicture}
Chapter6/Figures/figure-zh-en-sentence-alignment.tex
......@@ -22,11 +22,11 @@
\end{scope}
\draw [-,thick,ublue,dashed] (s1.south) -- (t1.north);
\draw [-,thick,ublue,dashed] (s4.south) -- ([yshift=0.3em]t2.north);
\draw [-,thick,ublue,dashed] (s2.south) ..controls +(south:1em) and +(north:1em).. (t4.north);
\draw [-,thick,ublue,dashed] (s3.south) ..controls +(south:0.5em) and +(north:1.5em).. (t5.north);
\draw [-,thick,ublue,dashed] (s5.south) -- (t3.north);
\draw [-,thick,dashed] (s1.south) -- (t1.north);
\draw [-,thick,dashed] (s4.south) -- ([yshift=0.3em]t2.north);
\draw [-,thick,dashed] (s2.south) ..controls +(south:1em) and +(north:1em).. (t4.north);
\draw [-,thick,dashed] (s3.south) ..controls +(south:0.5em) and +(north:1.5em).. (t5.north);
\draw [-,thick,dashed] (s5.south) -- (t3.north);
\end{tikzpicture}
......
ChapterPreface/chapterpreface.tex
......@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@
最初，笔者的想法仅仅是将机器翻译的技术内容做成资料供人阅读。但是，朋友、同事们一直鼓励将内容正式出版。虽然担心书的内容不够精致，无法给同行作为参考，但是最终还是下定决心重构内容。所幸，得到电子工业出版社的支持，形成新版，共十八章。
写作中，每当笔者翻起以前的资料，都会想起当年的一些故事。与其说这部书是写给读者，还不如说这本书是写给笔者自己，写给所有同笔者一样，经历过或正在经历机器翻译蓬勃发展年代的人。希望本书可以作为一个时代的记录，但是这个时代未并结束，还将继续，并更加美好。
写作中，每当笔者翻起以前的资料，都会想起当年的一些故事。与其说这部书是写给读者，还不如说这本书是写给笔者自己，写给所有同笔者一样，经历过或正在经历机器翻译蓬勃发展年代的人。希望本书可以作为一个时代的记录，但是这个时代并未结束，还将继续，并更加美好。
\vspace{1.0em}
......
bibliography.bib
......@@ -937,18 +937,6 @@
}
@article{shannon1948mathematical,
title ={A mathematical theory of communication},
author ={Shannon, Claude E},
journal ={Bell system technical journal},
volume ={27},
number ={3},
pages ={379--423},
year ={1948},
publisher ={Wiley Online Library}
}
@inproceedings{ng2002discriminative,
title ={On discriminative vs. generative classifiers: A comparison of logistic regression and naive bayes},
author ={Ng, Andrew Y and Jordan, Michael I},
......@@ -1042,13 +1030,6 @@
year={2001}
}
@article{周志华2016《机器学习》,
title={《机器学习》},
author={周志华},
journal={中国民商},
number={3},
year={2016},
}
@book{李航2012统计学习方法,
title={统计学习方法},
......@@ -1065,39 +1046,39 @@
}
@inproceedings{brants-2000-tnt,
title = "{T}n{T} {--} A Statistical Part-of-Speech Tagger",
author = "Brants, Thorsten",
title = {{T}n{T} {--} A Statistical Part-of-Speech Tagger},
author = {Brants, Thorsten},
month = apr,
year = "2000",
address = "Seattle, Washington, USA",
publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
doi = "10.3115/974147.974178",
pages = "224--231",
year = {2000},
address = {Seattle, Washington, USA},
publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
doi = {10.3115/974147.974178},
pages = {224--231},
}
@inproceedings{tsuruoka-tsujii-2005-chunk,
title = "Chunk Parsing Revisited",
author = "Tsuruoka, Yoshimasa and
Tsujii, Jun{'}ichi",
title = {Chunk Parsing Revisited},
author = {Tsuruoka, Yoshimasa and
Tsujii, Jun{'}ichi},
month = oct,
year = "2005",
address = "Vancouver, British Columbia",
publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
pages = "133--140",
year = {2005},
address = {Vancouver, British Columbia},
publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
pages = {133--140},
}
@inproceedings{li-etal-2003-news-oriented,
title = "News-Oriented Automatic {C}hinese Keyword Indexing",
author = "Li, Sujian and
title = {News-Oriented Automatic {C}hinese Keyword Indexing},
author = {Li, Sujian and
Wang, Houfeng and
Yu, Shiwen and
Xin, Chengsheng",
Xin, Chengsheng},
month = jul,
year = "2003",
address = "Sapporo, Japan",
publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
doi = "10.3115/1119250.1119263",
pages = "92--97",
year = {2003},
address = {Sapporo, Japan},
publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
doi = {10.3115/1119250.1119263},
pages = {92--97},
}
@article{2015Bidirectional,
......@@ -1141,11 +1122,6 @@
year={2018}
}
@misc{radford2018improving,
title={Improving language understanding by generative pre-training},
author={Radford, Alec and Narasimhan, Karthik and Salimans, Tim and Sutskever, Ilya},
year={2018}
}
@article{conneau2019unsupervised,
title={Unsupervised cross-lingual representation learning at scale},
......@@ -1187,20 +1163,7 @@
pages = {239--258},
year = {1993}
}
@inproceedings{callison-burch-etal-2012-findings,
title = {Findings of the 2012 Workshop on Statistical Machine Translation},
author = {Callison-Burch, Chris and
Koehn, Philipp and
Monz, Christof and
Post, Matt and
Soricut, Radu and
Specia, Lucia},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the Seventh Workshop on Statistical Machine Translation},
month = jun,
year = {2012},
publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
pages = {10--51}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/coling/SuWC92,
author = {Keh{-}Yih Su and
Ming{-}Wen Wu and
......@@ -1234,12 +1197,6 @@
publisher = {{ACL}},
year = {1992}
}
@inproceedings{doddington2002automatic,
title={Automatic evaluation of machine translation quality using n-gram co-occurrence statistics},
author={Doddington, George},
pages={138--145},
year={2002}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/emnlp/ChiangDCN08,
author = {David Chiang and
Steve DeNeefe and
......@@ -1368,17 +1325,6 @@
publisher = {European Association for Machine Translation},
year = {2015}
}
@article{DBLP:journals/jmlr/BengioDVJ03,
author = {Yoshua Bengio and
R{\'{e}}jean Ducharme and
Pascal Vincent and
Christian Janvin},
title = {A Neural Probabilistic Language Model},
journal = {J. Mach. Learn. Res.},
volume = {3},
pages = {1137--1155},
year = {2003}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/emnlp/SocherPHNM11,
author = {Richard Socher and
Jeffrey Pennington and
......@@ -1437,13 +1383,6 @@
publisher = {European Language Resources Association},
year = {2004}
}
@article{article,
author = {Jones, Douglas and Shen, Wade and Granoien, Neil and Herzog, Martha and Weinstein, Clifford},
year = {2005},
month = {05},
pages = {7},
title = {Measuring Translation Quality by Testing English Speakers with a New Defense Language Proficiency Test for Arabic}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/icassp/JonesGSGHRW05,
author = {Douglas A. Jones and
Edward Gibson and
......@@ -1571,19 +1510,6 @@ title = {Measuring Translation Quality by Testing English Speakers with a New De
publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
year = {2017}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/naacl/PetersNIGCLZ18,
author = {Matthew E. Peters and
Mark Neumann and
Mohit Iyyer and
Matt Gardner and
Christopher Clark and
Kenton Lee and
Luke Zettlemoyer},
title = {Deep Contextualized Word Representations},
pages = {2227--2237},
publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
year = {2018}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/emnlp/PenningtonSM14,
author = {Jeffrey Pennington and
Richard Socher and
......@@ -1593,17 +1519,6 @@ title = {Measuring Translation Quality by Testing English Speakers with a New De
publisher = {{ACL}},
year = {2014}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/naacl/DevlinCLT19,
author = {Jacob Devlin and
Ming{-}Wei Chang and
Kenton Lee and
Kristina Toutanova},
title = {{BERT:} Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language
Understanding},
pages = {4171--4186},
publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
year = {2019}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/nips/KirosZSZUTF15,
author = {Ryan Kiros and
Yukun Zhu and
......@@ -1657,14 +1572,6 @@ title = {Measuring Translation Quality by Testing English Speakers with a New De
pages={224--231},
year={2003}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/amta/Whi94teOO,
author = {John S. White and
Theresa A. O'Connell and
Francis E. O'Mara},
title = {The {ARPA} {MT} Evaluation Methodologies: Evolution, Lessons, and
Future Approaches},
year = {1994}
}
@article{DBLP:journals/mt/PrzybockiPBS09,
author = {Mark A. Przybocki and
Kay Peterson and
......@@ -1956,9 +1863,7 @@ title = {Measuring Translation Quality by Testing English Speakers with a New De
}
@InProceedings{Miller:2005:MTS,
author = {Keith J. Miller and Michelle Vanni},
title = {Inter-rater Agreement Measures, and the Refinement of Metrics in the {PLATO} {MT} Evaluation Paradigm},
url = {http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA456393},
googlescholar = {4922588981188199265},
title = {Inter-rater Agreement Measures, and the Refinement of Metrics in the {PLATO} {MT} Evaluation Paradigm},
month = {September},
year = 2005
}
......@@ -2177,4 +2082,4 @@ title = {Measuring Translation Quality by Testing English Speakers with a New De
%%%%% chapter 18------------------------------------------------------
%%%%% chapter 18------------------------------------------------------
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\ No newline at end of file
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
mt-book-xelatex.tex
......@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@
%\include{Chapter2/chapter2}
%\include{Chapter3/chapter3}
%\include{Chapter4/chapter4}
\include{Chapter5/chapter5}
%\include{Chapter5/chapter5}
%\include{Chapter6/chapter6}
%\include{Chapter7/chapter7}
%\include{Chapter8/chapter8}
......@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@
%\include{Chapter16/chapter16}
%\include{Chapter17/chapter17}
%\include{Chapter18/chapter18}
%\include{ChapterAppend/chapterappend}
\include{ChapterAppend/chapterappend}
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
......
structure.tex
......@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@
% BIBLIOGRAPHY AND INDEX
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\usepackage[style=numeric,citestyle=numeric,sorting=nyt,sortcites=true,maxbibnames=40,minbibnames=30,autopunct=true,babel=hyphen,hyperref=true,abbreviate=false,backref=true,backend=biber,autocite=plain]{biblatex}
\usepackage[style=numeric,citestyle=numeric,sorting=none,sortcites=true,maxbibnames=40,minbibnames=30,autopunct=true,babel=hyphen,hyperref=true,abbreviate=false,backref=true,backend=biber,autocite=plain]{biblatex}
%maxbibnames 设置参考文献最多显示作者数目
%minbibnames 如果作者数目超过maxbibnames，则只显示minbibnames个作者
\addbibresource{bibliography.bib} % BibTeX bibliography file
......
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