update: figures modification and problem solving

Book/Chapter3/Chapter3.tex

@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@
 %\end{figure}
 %---------------------------
 
-\parinterval 看一个具体的例子，如例\ref{example3-1}所示，有一个汉英互译的句对$(\mathbf{s},\mathbf{t})$。假设，$x=\textrm{``翻译''}$，$y=\textrm{``translation''}$，现在要计算$x$和$y$共现的总次数。``翻译''和``translation''分别在$\mathbf{s}$和$\mathbf{t}$中出现了2次，因此$c(\textrm{``翻译''},\textrm{``translation''};\mathbf{s},\mathbf{t})$ 等于4。而对于$\sum_{x',y'} c(x',y';\mathbf{s},\mathbf{t})$，因为$x'$和$y'$分别表示的是$s$和$t$中的任意词，所以$\sum_{x',y'} c(x',y';\mathbf{s},\mathbf{t})$表示所有单词对的数量 - 即$\mathbf{s}$的词数乘以$\mathbf{t}$的词数。最后，“翻译”和“translation”的单词翻译概率为：
+\parinterval 看一个具体的例子，如例\ref{example3-1}所示，有一个汉英互译的句对$(\mathbf{s},\mathbf{t})$。假设，$x=\textrm{``翻译''}$，$y=\textrm{``translation''}$，现在要计算$x$和$y$共现的总次数。``翻译''和``translation''分别在$\mathbf{s}$和$\mathbf{t}$中出现了2次，因此$c(\textrm{``翻译''},\textrm{``translation''};\mathbf{s},\mathbf{t})$ 等于4。而对于$\sum_{x',y'} c(x',y';\mathbf{s},$ $\mathbf{t})$，因为$x'$和$y'$分别表示的是$s$和$t$中的任意词，所以$\sum_{x',y'} c(x',y';\mathbf{s},\mathbf{t})$表示所有单词对的数量 - 即$\mathbf{s}$的词数乘以$\mathbf{t}$的词数。最后，“翻译”和“translation”的单词翻译概率为：
 \begin{eqnarray}
 \textrm{P}(\text{``翻译''},\text{``translation''}; \mathbf{s},\mathbf{t})  & = & \frac{c(\textrm{``翻译''},\textrm{``translation''};\mathbf{s},\mathbf{t})}{\sum_{x',y'} c(x',y';\mathbf{s},\mathbf{t})} \nonumber \\
                                                                                                          & =  & \frac{4}{|s|\times |t|} \nonumber \\
@@ -365,7 +365,7 @@ g(s,t) \equiv \prod_{j,i \in \widehat{A}}{\textrm{P}(s_j,t_i)} \times  \textrm{P
 \label{eqC3.12-new}
 \end{eqnarray}
 
-\noindent 其中$\argmax_{t} \textrm{P}(t|s)$表示找到使$\textrm{P}(t|s)$达到最大时的译文$t$。结合上一小节中关于$\textrm{P}(t|s)$的定义，把公式\ref{eqC3.7-new}带入公式\ref{eqC3.12-new}得到：
+\noindent 其中$\argmax_{t} \textrm{P}(t|s)$表示找到使$\textrm{P}(t|s)$达到最大时的译文$t$。结合上一小节中关于$\textrm{P}(t|s)$\\的定义，把公式\ref{eqC3.7-new}带入公式\ref{eqC3.12-new}得到：
 \begin{eqnarray}
 \widehat{t}=\argmax_{t}\frac{g(s,t)}{\sum_{t^{'}g(s,t^{'})}}
 \label{eqC3.13-new}
@@ -411,12 +411,14 @@ g(s,t) \equiv \prod_{j,i \in \widehat{A}}{\textrm{P}(s_j,t_i)} \times  \textrm{P
     \label{fig:3-10}
 \end{figure}
 %---------------------------
+\vspace{5.0em}
 %----------------------------------------------
 % 图3.13
 \begin{figure}[htp]
     \centering
 \subfigure{\input{./Chapter3/Figures/greedy-MT-decoding-process-1}}
 \subfigure{\input{./Chapter3/Figures/greedy-MT-decoding-process-3}}
+\setlength{\belowcaptionskip}{14.0em}
     \caption{贪婪的机器翻译解码过程实例}
     \label{fig:3-11}
 \end{figure}
@@ -671,7 +673,7 @@ g(s,t) \equiv \prod_{j,i \in \widehat{A}}{\textrm{P}(s_j,t_i)} \times  \textrm{P
 \end{figure}
 %---------------------------
 
-\parinterval 这样就得到了IBM模型1中句子翻译概率的计算式。可以看出IBM模型1的假设把翻译模型化简成了非常简单的形式。对于给定的$s$，$a$和$t$，只要知道$\varepsilon$和$t(s_j |t_(a_j ))$ 就可以计算出$\textrm{P}(s|t)$，进而求出$\textrm{P}(s|t)$。\\ \\ \\ 
+\parinterval 这样就得到了IBM模型1中句子翻译概率的计算式。可以看出IBM模型1的假设把翻译模型化简成了非常简单的形式。对于给定的$s$，$a$和$t$，只要知道$\varepsilon$和$t(s_j |t_{a_j })$ 就可以计算出$\textrm{P}(s|t)$，进而求出$\textrm{P}(s|t)$。\\ \\ \\ 
 
 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
 \subsection{IBM模型2}\index{Chapter3.4.2}
@@ -719,7 +721,7 @@ g(s,t) \equiv \prod_{j,i \in \widehat{A}}{\textrm{P}(s_j,t_i)} \times  \textrm{P
 \label{eqC3.29-new}
 \end{eqnarray}
 
-\noindent 公式\ref{eqC3.29-new}的技巧在于把若干个乘积的加法（等式左手端）转化为若干加法结果的乘积（等式右手端），这样省去了多次循环，把$O((l+1)^m m)$的计算复杂度降为$(l+1)m。$\footnote{公式\ref{eqC3.29-new}相比公式\ref{eqC3.28-new}的另一个优点在于，公式\ref{eqC3.29-new}中乘法的数量更少，因为现代计算机中乘法运算的强度要高于加法，因此公式\ref{eqC3.29-new}的计算机实现效率更高。} 图\ref{fig:3-21}对这个过程进行了进一步解释。
+\noindent 公式\ref{eqC3.29-new}的技巧在于把若干个乘积的加法（等式左手端）转化为若干加法结果的乘积（等式右手端），这样省去了多次循环，把$O((l+1)^m m)$的计算复杂度降为$(l+1)m$。\footnote{公式\ref{eqC3.29-new}相比公式\ref{eqC3.28-new}的另一个优点在于，公式\ref{eqC3.29-new}中乘法的数量更少，因为现代计算机中乘法运算的强度要高于加法，因此公式\ref{eqC3.29-new}的计算机实现效率更高。} 图\ref{fig:3-21}对这个过程进行了进一步解释。
 
 %----------------------------------------------
 % 图3.32-new
@@ -860,7 +862,7 @@ f(s_u|t_v) = \lambda_{t_v}^{-1} \frac{\epsilon}{(l+1)^{m}} \prod\limits_{j=1}^{m
 \end{figure}
 %---------------------------
 
-\noindent\hspace{2em} 为了化简$f(s_u|t_v)$的计算，在此对公式\ref{eqC3.40-new}进行了重新组织，见下图。红色部分表示翻译概率P$(s|t)$；蓝色部分表示$(s_u,t_v)$在句对$(s,t)$中配对的总次数，即’$t_v$翻译为$s_u$‘在所有对齐中出现的次数；绿色部分表示$f(s_u|t_v)$对于所有的$t_i$的相对值，即’$t_v$翻译为$s_u$‘在所有对齐中出现的相对概率；蓝色与绿色部分相乘表示“$t_v$翻译为$s_u$”这个事件出现次数的期望的估计，称之为期望频次(expected count)。
+\noindent\hspace{2em} 为了化简$f(s_u|t_v)$的计算，在此对公式\ref{eqC3.40-new}进行了重新组织，见下图。红色部分表示翻译概率P$(s|t)$；蓝色部分表示$(s_u,t_v)$在句对$(s,t)$中配对的总次数，即`$t_v$翻译为$s_u$'在所有对齐中出现的次数；绿色部分表示$f(s_u|t_v)$对于所有的$t_i$的相对值，即`$t_v$翻译为$s_u$'在所有对齐中出现的相对概率；蓝色与绿色部分相乘表示``$t_v$翻译为$s_u$''这个事件出现次数的期望的估计，称之为期望频次(expected count)。
 %----------------------------------------------
 % 图3.29
 \begin{figure}[htp]
@@ -1304,6 +1306,7 @@ p_0+p_1                            & = & 1 \label{eqC3.62-new}
 
 \end{itemize}
 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\begin{appendices}
 \chapter{附录A}
 \label{appendix-A}
 \section{IBM模型3训练方法}
@@ -1486,11 +1489,8 @@ d_{>1}(\Delta_i|cb,v;\bm{s},\bm{t}) = \mu_{>1cb}^{-1} \times \sum_{s=1}^{S}c_{>1
 \end{eqnarray}
 %----------------------------------------------
 \parinterval 这里$\tilde{\tilde{b}}(\bm{a})$借用了模型4中$\tilde{b}(\bm{a})$的概念。不过$\tilde{\tilde{b}}(\bm{a})$表示在利用模型3进行排名的列表中满足$\textrm{p}_{\theta}(\bm{a}'|\bm{s},\bm{t};5)$的最高排名的词对齐。
-\parinterval
-
-
-
 
+\end{appendices}
 
 
 

Book/Chapter3/Figures/figure-example-of-t-s-generate.tex

@@ -6,14 +6,11 @@
 {\scriptsize
 \node [anchor=west,minimum height=2.5em,minimum width=5.5em] (sf1) at (2.3em,0) {};
 \node [rectangle,draw,anchor=west,line width=1pt,minimum height=2.5em,minimum width=5.5em] (s1) at ([xshift=2.3em]sf1.east) {科学家};
-\node [rectangle,draw,anchor=west,line width=1pt,minimum height=2.5em,minimum width=5.5em] (s2) at ([xshift=2.3em]s1.east) {们};
-\node [rectangle,draw,anchor=west,line width=1pt,minimum height=2.5em,minimum width=5.5em] (s3) at ([xshift=2.3em]s2.east) {并不};
-\node [rectangle,draw,anchor=west,line width=1pt,minimum height=2.5em,minimum width=5.5em] (s4) at ([xshift=2.3em]s3.east) {知道};
-}
+\node [rectangle,draw,anchor=west,line width=1pt,minimum height=2.5em,minimum width=5.5em] (s2) at ([xshift=2.32em]s1.east) {们};
+\node [rectangle,draw,anchor=west,line width=1pt,minimum height=2.5em,minimum width=5.5em] (s3) at ([xshift=2.33em]s2.east) {并不};
+\node [rectangle,draw,anchor=west,line width=1pt,minimum height=2.5em,minimum width=5.5em] (s4) at ([xshift=2.30em]s3.east) {知道};
 
-{
-{\scriptsize
-\node [anchor=west] (tau11) at ([xshift=1.5em]taut.east) {$\tau_0$};
+\node [anchor=north] (tau11) at ([xshift=-1.5em,yshift=-3.5em]sf1.south) {$\tau_0$};
 \node [anchor=west] (tau12) at ([xshift=-0.5em]tau11.east) {\tiny{1.NULL}};
 \node [rounded rectangle,draw,line width=1pt,minimum height=3.4em,minimum width=7.8em] (tau1) [fit = (tau11) (tau12)] {};
 
@@ -34,41 +31,43 @@
 \node [anchor=west] (tau52) at ([xshift=-0.5em]tau51.east) {\tiny{1.知道}};
 \node [rounded rectangle,draw,line width=1pt,minimum height=3.4em,minimum width=7.8em] (tau5) [fit = (tau51) (tau52)] {};
 }
-\draw [->,thick] ([xshift=-0.68em,yshift=-0.2em]tau22.north) -- (s1.south);
-\draw [->,thick] (tau23.east) -- (s2.south);
-\draw [->,thick] ([xshift=-0.22em]tau4.north) -- (s3.south);
-\draw [->,thick] ([xshift=-0.23em]tau5.north) -- (s4.south);
-}
 
-\draw [->,thick,dashed] ([yshift=1em]tau1.north west) -- ([yshift=1em]tau5.north east);
-\draw [->,thick,dashed] ([yshift=-1em]tau1.south west) -- ([yshift=-1em]tau5.south east);
+
 
 {
-{
-\node [anchor=north] (d1) at ([yshift=-2em]tau1.south) {$...$};
-\node [anchor=west] (d2) at ([xshift=4.23em]d1.east) {$...$};
-\node [anchor=west] (d31) at ([xshift=4.3em]d2.east) {$...$};
+\node [anchor=north] (d1) at ([yshift=-6em]sf1.south) {$...$};
+\node [anchor=north] (d2) at ([yshift=-6em]s1.south) {$...$};
+\node [anchor=north] (d31) at ([yshift=-6em]s2.south) {$...$};
 \node [anchor=north] (d32) at ([xshift=0.2em]d31.south) {\footnotesize{${<{\tau,\pi}>}_1$}};
-\node [anchor=west] (d4) at ([xshift=4.27em]d31.east) {$...$};
-\node [anchor=west] (d5) at ([xshift=4.25em]d4.east) {$...$};
-}
-\draw [->,thick] (d1.north) -- (tau1.south);
-\draw [->,thick] (d2.north) -- (tau2.south);
-\draw [->,thick] (d31.north) -- (tau3.south);
-\draw [->,thick] (d4.north) -- (tau4.south);
-\draw [->,thick] (d5.north) -- (tau5.south);
+\node [anchor=north] (d4) at ([yshift=-6em]s3.south) {$...$};
+\node [anchor=north] (d5) at ([yshift=-6em]s4.south) {$...$};
 }
 
 
+
+\draw [->,thick,dashed] ([yshift=1em]tau1.north west) -- ([yshift=1em]tau5.north east);
+\draw [->,thick,dashed] ([yshift=-1em]tau1.south west) -- ([yshift=-1em]tau5.south east);
+
+\draw [->,thick] (tau23.east) -- (s2.south);
+
+\draw [->,thick] ([yshift=4.2em]d2.north) -- (s1.south);
+\draw [->,thick] ([yshift=4.2em]d4.north) -- (s3.south);
+\draw [->,thick] ([yshift=4.2em]d5.north) -- (s4.south);
+
+\draw [->,thick] (d1.north) -- ([yshift=-4.25em]sf1.south);
+\draw [->,thick] (d2.north) -- ([yshift=-4.25em]s1.south);
+\draw [->,thick] (d31.north) -- ([yshift=-4.25em]s2.south);
+\draw [->,thick] (d4.north) -- ([yshift=-4.25em]s3.south);
+\draw [->,thick] (d5.north) -- ([yshift=-4.25em]s4.south);
+
+
+
 {\scriptsize
 \node [rectangle,draw,anchor=north,line width=1pt,minimum height=2.5em,minimum width=5.5em] (ns1) at ([yshift=-13em]s1.south) {科学家};
-\node [rectangle,draw,anchor=west,line width=1pt,minimum height=2.5em,minimum width=5.5em] (ns2) at ([xshift=2.3em]ns1.east) {们};
-\node [rectangle,draw,anchor=west,line width=1pt,minimum height=2.5em,minimum width=5.5em] (ns3) at ([xshift=2.3em]ns2.east) {并不};
-\node [rectangle,draw,anchor=west,line width=1pt,minimum height=2.5em,minimum width=5.5em] (ns4) at ([xshift=2.3em]ns3.east) {知道};
-}
+\node [rectangle,draw,anchor=north,line width=1pt,minimum height=2.5em,minimum width=5.5em] (ns2) at ([yshift=-13em]s2.south) {们};
+\node [rectangle,draw,anchor=north,line width=1pt,minimum height=2.5em,minimum width=5.5em] (ns3) at ([yshift=-13em]s3.south) {并不};
+\node [rectangle,draw,anchor=north,line width=1pt,minimum height=2.5em,minimum width=5.5em] (ns4) at ([yshift=-13em]s4.south) {知道};
 
-{
-{\scriptsize
 \node [anchor=north] (ntau11) at ([yshift=-15em]tau11.south) {$\tau_0$};
 \node [anchor=west] (ntau12) at ([xshift=-0.5em]ntau11.east) {\tiny{1.NULL}};
 \node [rounded rectangle,draw,line width=1pt,minimum height=3.4em,minimum width=7.8em] (ntau1) [fit = (ntau11) (ntau12)] {};
@@ -90,28 +89,33 @@
 \node [anchor=west] (ntau52) at ([xshift=-0.5em]ntau51.east) {\tiny{1.知道}};
 \node [rounded rectangle,draw,line width=1pt,minimum height=3.4em,minimum width=7.8em] (ntau5) [fit = (ntau51) (ntau52)] {};
 }
-\draw [->,thick] ([xshift=-0.05em,yshift=-0.2em]ntau22.north) -- (ns1.south);
-\draw [->,thick] (ntau23.east) -- (ns2.south);
-\draw [->,thick] ([xshift=-0.22em]ntau4.north) -- (ns3.south);
-\draw [->,thick] ([xshift=-0.23em]ntau5.north) -- (ns4.south);
-}
-\draw [->,thick,dashed] ([yshift=1em]ntau1.north west) -- ([yshift=1em]ntau5.north east);
-\draw [->,thick,dashed] ([yshift=-1em]ntau1.south west) -- ([yshift=-1em]ntau5.south east);
+
 
 {
 {
-\node [anchor=north] (nd1) at ([yshift=-2em]ntau1.south) {$...$};
-\node [anchor=west] (nd2) at ([xshift=4.23em]nd1.east) {$...$};
-\node [anchor=west] (nd31) at ([xshift=4.3em]nd2.east) {$...$};
+\node [anchor=north] (nd1) at ([yshift=-11em]d1.south) {$...$};
+\node [anchor=north] (nd2) at ([yshift=-11em]d2.south) {$...$};
+\node [anchor=north] (nd31) at ([yshift=-11em]d31.south) {$...$};
 \node [anchor=north] (nd32) at ([xshift=0.2em]nd31.south) {\footnotesize{${<{\tau,\pi}>}_2$}};
-\node [anchor=west] (nd4) at ([xshift=4.27em]nd31.east) {$...$};
-\node [anchor=west] (nd5) at ([xshift=4.25em]nd4.east) {$...$};
+\node [anchor=north] (nd4) at ([yshift=-11em]d4.south) {$...$};
+\node [anchor=north] (nd5) at ([yshift=-11em]d5.south) {$...$};
 }
-\draw [->,thick] (nd1.north) -- (ntau1.south);
-\draw [->,thick] (nd2.north) -- (ntau2.south);
-\draw [->,thick] (nd31.north) -- (ntau3.south);
-\draw [->,thick] (nd4.north) -- (ntau4.south);
-\draw [->,thick] (nd5.north) -- (ntau5.south);
+
+\draw [->,thick,dashed] ([yshift=1em]ntau1.north west) -- ([yshift=1em]ntau5.north east);
+\draw [->,thick,dashed] ([yshift=-1em]ntau1.south west) -- ([yshift=-1em]ntau5.south east);
+
+
+\draw [->,thick] (ntau23.east) -- (ns2.south);
+
+\draw [->,thick] ([yshift=4.2em]nd2.north) -- (ns1.south);
+\draw [->,thick] ([yshift=4.2em]nd4.north) -- (ns3.south);
+\draw [->,thick] ([yshift=4.2em]nd5.north) -- (ns4.south);
+
+\draw [->,thick] (nd1.north) -- ([yshift=-16.15em]sf1.south);
+\draw [->,thick] (nd2.north) -- ([yshift=-16.15em]s1.south);
+\draw [->,thick] (nd31.north) -- ([yshift=-16.15em]s2.south);
+\draw [->,thick] (nd4.north) -- ([yshift=-16.15em]s3.south);
+\draw [->,thick] (nd5.north) -- ([yshift=-16.15em]s4.south);
 }
 
 }

Book/Chapter3/Figures/figure-probability_translation_process.tex

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 
 {
 {
-\node [anchor=west] (st) at (0,0) {\textbf{s}};
+\node [anchor=north west] (st) at (0,0) {\textbf{s}};
 \node [anchor=north] (taut) at ([yshift=-3em]st.south) {\textbf{$\tau$}};
 \node [anchor=north] (phit) at ([yshift=-3em]taut.south) {\textbf{$\phi$}};
 \node [anchor=north] (tt) at ([yshift=-3em]phit.south) {\textbf{t}};
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
 \node [rectangle,draw,anchor=west,line width=1pt,minimum height=2.5em,minimum width=5.5em] (s4) at ([xshift=2.3em]s3.east) {知道};
 }
 
-{
+
 {\scriptsize
 \node [anchor=west] (tau11) at ([xshift=1.5em]taut.east) {$\tau_0$};
 \node [anchor=west] (tau12) at ([xshift=-0.5em]tau11.east) {\tiny{1.NULL}};
@@ -40,13 +40,7 @@
 \node [anchor=west] (tau52) at ([xshift=-0.5em]tau51.east) {\tiny{1.知道}};
 \node [rounded rectangle,draw,line width=1pt,minimum height=3.4em,minimum width=7.8em] (tau5) [fit = (tau51) (tau52)] {};
 }
-\draw [->,thick] ([xshift=-0.5em,yshift=-0.2em]tau22.north) -- (s1.south);
-\draw [->,thick] (tau23.east) -- (s2.south);
-\draw [->,thick] ([xshift=-0.1em]tau4.north) -- (s3.south);
-\draw [->,thick] ([xshift=-0.1em]tau5.north) -- (s4.south);
-}
 
-{
 {\scriptsize
 \node [anchor=west] (phi11) at ([xshift=2.4em]phit.east) {$\phi_0$};
 \node [anchor=west] (phi12) at ([xshift=-0.5em]phi11.east) {0};
@@ -68,34 +62,41 @@
 \node [anchor=west] (phi52) at ([xshift=-0.5em]phi51.east) {1};
 \node [rounded rectangle,draw,line width=1pt,minimum height=3.4em,minimum width=7.8em] (phi5) [fit = (phi51) (phi52)] {};
 }
-\draw [->,thick] (phi1.north) -- (tau1.south);
-\draw [->,thick] (phi2.north) -- (tau2.south);
-\draw [->,thick] ([xshift=0.05em]phi3.north) -- (tau3.south);
-\draw [->,thick] ([xshift=0.05em]phi4.north) -- (tau4.south);
-\draw [->,thick] ([xshift=0.05em]phi5.north) -- (tau5.south);
-}
 
-\draw [->,thick,dashed] ([yshift=-1.2em]st.south west) -- ([yshift=-0.8em]s4.south east);
-\draw [->,thick,dashed] ([yshift=-5.8em]st.south west) -- ([yshift=-5.4em]s4.south east);
-\draw [->,thick,dashed] ([yshift=-10.3em]st.south west) -- ([yshift=-9.9em]s4.south east);
+\draw [->,thick,dashed] ([yshift=-1.4em]st.south west) -- ([xshift=0.8em,yshift=-1em]s4.south east);
+\draw [->,thick,dashed] ([yshift=-5.8em]st.south west) -- ([xshift=0.8em,yshift=-5.4em]s4.south east);
+\draw [->,thick,dashed] ([yshift=-10.3em]st.south west) -- ([xshift=0.8em,yshift=-9.9em]s4.south east);
 
-{
 {\scriptsize
-\node [rectangle,draw,anchor=west,line width=1pt,minimum height=2.5em,minimum width=5.5em] (t1) at ([xshift=1.2em]tt.east) {$t_0$};
-\node [rectangle,draw,anchor=west,line width=1pt,minimum height=2.5em,minimum width=5.5em] (t2) at ([xshift=2.1em]t1.east) {Scientists};
-\node [rectangle,draw,anchor=west,line width=1pt,minimum height=2.5em,minimum width=5.5em] (t3) at ([xshift=2.3em]t2.east) {do};
-\node [rectangle,draw,anchor=west,line width=1pt,minimum height=2.5em,minimum width=5.5em] (t4) at ([xshift=2.3em]t3.east) {not};
-\node [rectangle,draw,anchor=west,line width=1pt,minimum height=2.5em,minimum width=5.5em] (t5) at ([xshift=2.3em]t4.east) {konw};
-}
-\draw [->,thick] ([xshift=-0.1em]t1.north) -- (phi1.south);
-\draw [->,thick] ([xshift=0.05em]t2.north) -- (phi2.south);
-\draw [->,thick] ([xshift=0.05em]t3.north) -- (phi3.south);
-\draw [->,thick] ([xshift=0.05em]t4.north) -- (phi4.south);
-\draw [->,thick] ([xshift=0.05em]t5.north) -- (phi5.south);
+\node [rectangle,draw,anchor=north,line width=1pt,minimum height=2.5em,minimum width=5.5em] (t1) at ([yshift=-15em]sf1.south) {$t_0$};
+\node [rectangle,draw,anchor=north,line width=1pt,minimum height=2.5em,minimum width=5.5em] (t2) at ([yshift=-15em]s1.south) {Scientists};
+\node [rectangle,draw,anchor=north,line width=1pt,minimum height=2.5em,minimum width=5.5em] (t3) at ([yshift=-15em]s2.south) {do};
+\node [rectangle,draw,anchor=north,line width=1pt,minimum height=2.5em,minimum width=5.5em] (t4) at ([yshift=-15em]s3.south) {not};
+\node [rectangle,draw,anchor=north,line width=1pt,minimum height=2.5em,minimum width=5.5em] (t5) at ([yshift=-15em]s4.south) {konw};
 }
 
+
+\draw [->,thick] (tau23.east) -- (s2.south);
+
+\draw [->,thick] (t1.north) -- ([yshift=-8.8em]sf1.south);
+\draw [->,thick] (t2.north) -- ([yshift=-8.8em]s1.south);
+\draw [->,thick] (t3.north) -- ([yshift=-8.8em]s2.south);
+\draw [->,thick] (t4.north) -- ([yshift=-8.8em]s3.south);
+\draw [->,thick] (t5.north) -- ([yshift=-8.8em]s4.south);
+
+\draw [->,thick] ([yshift=4.6em]t1.north) -- ([yshift=-4.4em]sf1.south);
+\draw [->,thick] ([yshift=4.6em]t2.north) -- ([yshift=-4.4em]s1.south);
+\draw [->,thick] ([yshift=4.6em]t3.north) -- ([yshift=-4.4em]s2.south);
+\draw [->,thick] ([yshift=4.6em]t4.north) -- ([yshift=-4.4em]s3.south);
+\draw [->,thick] ([yshift=4.6em]t5.north) -- ([yshift=-4.4em]s4.south);
+
+\draw [->,thick] ([yshift=9em]t2.north) -- (s1.south);
+\draw [->,thick] ([yshift=9em]t4.north) -- (s3.south);
+\draw [->,thick] ([yshift=9em]t5.north) -- (s4.south);
+
+
 {\scriptsize
-\node [anchor=west] (sent11) at ([xshift=1em,yshift=-1em]s4.south east) {把这些元语};
+\node [anchor=west] (sent11) at ([xshift=1em,yshift=-2em]s4.south east) {把这些元语};
 \node [anchor=west] (sent12) at ([yshift=-1em]sent11.west) {言单词放在};
 \node [anchor=west] (sent13) at ([yshift=-1em]sent12.west) {合适的位置};
 \node [anchor=west] (sent21) at ([yshift=-3em]sent13.west) {确定生成元};

Book/Chapter3/Figures/figure-word-alignment.tex

@@ -20,12 +20,12 @@
 
 {
 {\footnotesize
-\node [rectangle,draw,anchor=west,line width=1pt,minimum height=2em,minimum width=4em] (t1) at ([yshift=-5.5em]s11.west) {$t_0$};
-\node [rectangle,draw,anchor=west,line width=1pt,minimum height=2em,minimum width=4em] (t2) at ([xshift=2em]t1.east) {I};
-\node [rectangle,draw,anchor=west,line width=1pt,minimum height=2em,minimum width=4em] (t3) at ([xshift=2em]t2.east) {changed};
-\node [rectangle,draw,anchor=west,line width=1pt,minimum height=2em,minimum width=4em] (t4) at ([xshift=2em]t3.east) {my};
-\node [rectangle,draw,anchor=west,line width=1pt,minimum height=2em,minimum width=4em] (t5) at ([xshift=2em]t4.east) {mind};
-\node [rectangle,draw,anchor=west,line width=1pt,minimum height=2em,minimum width=4em] (t6) at ([xshift=2em]t5.east) {.};
+\node [anchor=north,rectangle,draw,line width=1pt,minimum height=2em,minimum width=4em] (t1) at ([yshift=-3.5em]s11.south) {$t_0$};
+\node [rectangle,draw,anchor=north,line width=1pt,minimum height=2em,minimum width=4em] (t2) at ([yshift=-3.5em]s1.south) {I};
+\node [rectangle,draw,anchor=north,line width=1pt,minimum height=2em,minimum width=4em] (t3) at ([yshift=-3.5em]s2.south) {changed};
+\node [rectangle,draw,anchor=north,line width=1pt,minimum height=2em,minimum width=4em] (t4) at ([yshift=-3.5em]s3.south) {my};
+\node [rectangle,draw,anchor=north,line width=1pt,minimum height=2em,minimum width=4em] (t5) at ([yshift=-3.5em]s4.south) {mind};
+\node [rectangle,draw,anchor=north,line width=1pt,minimum height=2em,minimum width=4em] (t6) at ([yshift=-3.5em]s5.south) {.};
 
 \node [anchor=north] (nd1) at (t2.south) {[1]};
 \node [anchor=north] (nd2) at (t3.south) {[2]};

Book/mt-book.tex

@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@
 
 \IfFileExists{C:/WINDOWS/win.ini}
 {\newcommand{\mycfont}{song}}
+{\newcommand{\mycfont}{gbsn}}
 
 \begin{CJK}{UTF8}{\mycfont}
 \end{CJK}

Book/structure.tex

@@ -550,7 +550,7 @@ addtohook={%
 \usepackage{booktabs}
 \usepackage{bm}
 \usetikzlibrary{shapes.misc}
-
+\usepackage{appendix}