better code of SumDim

source/network/Main.cpp

@@ -41,8 +41,8 @@ int main( int argc, const char ** argv )
     //TransposeTest();
     //TransposeTest();
     //return 0;
     //return 0;
 
 
-    SumDimTest();
-    return 0;
+    //SumDimTest();
+    //return 0;
 
 
     if(argc > 1 && !strcmp(argv[1], "-test"))
     if(argc > 1 && !strcmp(argv[1], "-test"))
         1;//Test();
         1;//Test();

source/network/XBackwardMath.cpp

@@ -37,6 +37,8 @@ void XMathGrad::MakeGrad(XTensor * node)
 
 
     if(operID == MATH_SUM)
     if(operID == MATH_SUM)
         GradSum(node);
         GradSum(node);
+    else if(operID == MATH_SUMDIM)
+        GradSumDim(node);
     else if(operID == MATH_MULTIPLY)
     else if(operID == MATH_MULTIPLY)
         GradMultiply(node);
         GradMultiply(node);
     else if(operID == MATH_MATRIXMUL)
     else if(operID == MATH_MATRIXMUL)
@@ -80,6 +82,90 @@ void XMathGrad::GradSum(XTensor * node)
 }
 }
 
 
 /* 
 /* 
+gradient for sum with one dimension
+c = a + b * \beta
+where the size of b is equal to dimension n of a, i.e., |b| = a.dimSize[n]
+dE/da = dE/dc
+dE/db = dE/dc * b.reduce(0,...,n-1,n+1,...) * \beta
+*/
+void XMathGrad::GradSumDim(XTensor * node)
+{
+    XLink &income = node->income;
+    CheckNTErrors(income.tailNum == 2, "Wrong input tensor number for SUM!");
+
+    XTensor * a = income.tails[0];
+    XTensor * b = income.tails[1];
+    int n = income.GetParamInt(0);
+    DTYPE beta = income.GetParam(1);
+    XNoder::MakeGrad(a);
+    XNoder::MakeGrad(b);
+
+    _Sum(a->grad, node->grad, a->grad);
+
+    int order = a->order;
+    int dimSize[MAX_TENSOR_DIM_NUM];
+    memcpy(dimSize, a->dimSize, sizeof(int) * a->order);
+
+    if(n == order - 1){
+        int reshapedSize[MAX_TENSOR_DIM_NUM];
+        reshapedSize[0] = a->unitNum/dimSize[order - 1];
+        reshapedSize[1] = dimSize[order - 1];
+
+        /* we reshape dE/dc to a matrix whose column number is equal to the 
+           size of b. Then we can reduce the matrix into a row vector. */
+        node->grad->Reshape(2, reshapedSize);
+
+        if(b->outgo.tailNum > 1){
+            XTensor * bGradTMP = NewTensorBuf(b->grad, b->devID, b->mem);
+            _ReduceSum(node->grad, bGradTMP, 0);
+            _Sum(bGradTMP, b->grad, b->grad);
+            DelTensorBuf(bGradTMP);
+        }
+        else
+            _ReduceSum(node->grad, b->grad, 0);
+
+        node->grad->Reshape(order, dimSize);
+    }
+    else{
+        int reshapedSize[MAX_TENSOR_DIM_NUM];
+        reshapedSize[0] = 1;
+        reshapedSize[1] = dimSize[n];
+        reshapedSize[2] = 1;
+
+        for(int i = 0; i < order; i++){
+            if(i < n)
+                reshapedSize[0] *= dimSize[i];
+        }
+
+        reshapedSize[2] = a->unitNum / (reshapedSize[0] * reshapedSize[1]);
+
+        /* we reshape dE/dc to a 3D tensor of size (x, y, z) where y = |b|. 
+           Then reduce along with z and x to obtain dE/db. */
+        node->grad->Reshape(3, reshapedSize);
+
+        XTensor * interGrad = NewTensorBuf(2, reshapedSize, b->devID, b->mem, b->dataType, b->denseRatio);
+
+        _ReduceSum(node->grad, interGrad, 2);
+
+        if(b->outgo.tailNum > 1){
+            XTensor * bGradTMP = NewTensorBuf(b->grad, b->devID, b->mem);
+            _ReduceSum(interGrad, bGradTMP, 0);
+            _Sum(bGradTMP, b->grad, b->grad);
+            DelTensorBuf(bGradTMP);
+        }
+        else
+            _ReduceSum(interGrad, b->grad, 0);
+
+        node->grad->Reshape(order, dimSize);
+
+        DelTensorBuf(interGrad);
+
+    }
+    
+    node->visitMark = NODE_FINISHED;
+}
+
+/* 
 gradient for multiply (dot production)
 gradient for multiply (dot production)
 for
 for
 c =  a * b 
 c =  a * b 

source/network/XBackwardMath.h

@@ -44,6 +44,11 @@ private:
     static
     static
     void GradSum(XTensor * node);
     void GradSum(XTensor * node);
 
 
+    /* gradient for sum with one dimension: c = a + b * \beta
+       where the size of b is equal to that of one dimension of a */
+    static
+    void GradSumDim(XTensor * node);
+
     /* gradient for multiply (dot production): c =  a * b */
     /* gradient for multiply (dot production): c =  a * b */
     static
     static
     void GradMultiply(XTensor * node);
     void GradMultiply(XTensor * node);

source/sample/fnnlm/FNNLM.cpp

@@ -999,15 +999,11 @@ void ForwardAutoDiff(XTensor inputs[], XTensor &output, FNNModel &model)
     hidden = Merge(hidden, 2, 0);
     hidden = Merge(hidden, 2, 0);
 
 
     /* hidden layers */
     /* hidden layers */
-    for(int i = 0; i < depth; i++){
-        b = Unsqueeze(model.hiddenB[i], 0, batchSize);
-        hidden = MMul(hidden, model.hiddenW[i]) + b;
-    }
-
-    b = Unsqueeze(model.outputB, 0, batchSize);
+    for(int i = 0; i < depth; i++)
+        hidden = MMul(hidden, model.hiddenW[i]) + model.hiddenB[i];
 
 
     /* output layer */
     /* output layer */
-    output = LogSoftmax(MMul(hidden, model.outputW) + b, 1);
+    output = LogSoftmax(MMul(hidden, model.outputW) + model.outputB, 1);
 
 
     //XLink::ShowNetwork(stderr, &output);
     //XLink::ShowNetwork(stderr, &output);
 }
 }

source/tensor/XName.cpp

@@ -41,6 +41,8 @@ const char * GetOPName(int type)
             return "M_SIGN";
             return "M_SIGN";
         else if (type == MATH_SUM)
         else if (type == MATH_SUM)
             return "M_SUM";
             return "M_SUM";
+        else if (type == MATH_SUMDIM)
+            return "M_SUMDIM";
         else if (type == MATH_LOG)
         else if (type == MATH_LOG)
             return "M_LOG";
             return "M_LOG";
         else if (type == MATH_NORMALIZE)
         else if (type == MATH_NORMALIZE)

source/tensor/XTensor.cpp

@@ -1885,12 +1885,13 @@ generate a XTensor which allocates data on the buffer
 >> myDimSize - the size of each dimension
 >> myDimSize - the size of each dimension
 >> myMem - memory pool used to allocating the data array.
 >> myMem - memory pool used to allocating the data array.
            we actually allocate the data on the buffer associated with
            we actually allocate the data on the buffer associated with
-           the memory pool.
+           the memory pool
+>> devID - device id
 >> myDataType - unit size (e.g., int, float, and double)
 >> myDataType - unit size (e.g., int, float, and double)
 >> myDenseRatio - how often an element has non-zero value
 >> myDenseRatio - how often an element has non-zero value
 
 
 */
 */
-XTensor * NewTensorBuf(const int myOrder, const int * myDimSize, XMem * myMem,
+XTensor * NewTensorBuf(const int myOrder, const int * myDimSize, int devID, XMem * myMem,
                        const TENSOR_DATA_TYPE myDataType, const float myDenseRatio)
                        const TENSOR_DATA_TYPE myDataType, const float myDenseRatio)
 {
 {
     CheckNTErrors(myMem != NULL, "No memory pool specified!");
     CheckNTErrors(myMem != NULL, "No memory pool specified!");
@@ -1901,12 +1902,31 @@ XTensor * NewTensorBuf(const int myOrder, const int * myDimSize, XMem * myMem,
     dims[0] = -abs(dims[0]);
     dims[0] = -abs(dims[0]);
 
 
     XTensor * tensor = NewTensor(myOrder, dims, myDataType, myDenseRatio, -1, myMem);
     XTensor * tensor = NewTensor(myOrder, dims, myDataType, myDenseRatio, -1, myMem);
-    tensor->data = myMem->AllocBuf(myMem->devID, tensor->unitNum * tensor->unitSize);
+
+    if(myMem != NULL)
+        tensor->data = myMem->AllocBuf(myMem->devID, tensor->unitNum * tensor->unitSize);
+    else
+        tensor->data = XMemAlloc(devID, tensor->unitNum * tensor->unitSize);
 
 
     return tensor;
     return tensor;
 }
 }
 
 
 /* 
 /* 
+generate a XTensor which allocates data on the buffer 
+>> reference - reference tensor
+>> devID - device id
+>> myMem - memory pool used to allocating the data array.
+           we actually allocate the data on the buffer associated with
+           the memory pool
+*/
+XTensor * NewTensorBuf(const XTensor * reference, int devID, XMem * myMem)
+{
+    return NewTensorBuf(reference->order, reference->dimSize, 
+                        devID, myMem, 
+                        reference->dataType, reference->denseRatio);
+}
+
+/* 
 generate a dense vector 
 generate a dense vector 
 >> num - number of entries
 >> num - number of entries
 >> myDataType - unit size (e.g., int, float, and double) 
 >> myDataType - unit size (e.g., int, float, and double) 
@@ -2056,7 +2076,7 @@ XTensor * NewTensor(XTensor * a, bool isFilledData)
 free the data space of a given tensor 
 free the data space of a given tensor 
 >> tensor - pointer to the tensor
 >> tensor - pointer to the tensor
 */
 */
-void DelTensor(const XTensor * tensor)
+void DelTensor(XTensor * tensor)
 {
 {
     delete tensor;
     delete tensor;
 }
 }
@@ -2065,10 +2085,13 @@ void DelTensor(const XTensor * tensor)
 free the data space of a given tensor (on the buffer)
 free the data space of a given tensor (on the buffer)
 >> tensor - pointer to the tensor
 >> tensor - pointer to the tensor
 */
 */
-void DelTensorBuf(const XTensor * tensor)
+void DelTensorBuf(XTensor * tensor)
 {
 {
-    CheckNTErrors(tensor->mem != NULL, "No memory pool found!");
-    tensor->mem->ReleaseBuf(tensor->devID, tensor->unitNum * tensor->unitSize);
+    if(tensor->mem != NULL)
+        tensor->mem->ReleaseBuf(tensor->devID, tensor->unitNum * tensor->unitSize);
+    else
+        XMemFree(tensor->devID, tensor->data);
+    tensor->data = NULL;
     delete tensor;
     delete tensor;
 }
 }
 
 

source/tensor/XTensor.h

@@ -391,9 +391,12 @@ XTensor * NewTensor(const int myOrder, const int * myDimSize, const TENSOR_DATA_
                     const float myDenseRatio = 1.0F, const int myDevID = -1, XMem * myMem = NULL);
                     const float myDenseRatio = 1.0F, const int myDevID = -1, XMem * myMem = NULL);
 
 
 /* generate a XTensor which allocates data on the buffer */
 /* generate a XTensor which allocates data on the buffer */
-XTensor * NewTensorBuf(const int myOrder, const int * myDimSize, XMem * myMem,
+XTensor * NewTensorBuf(const int myOrder, const int * myDimSize, int devID, XMem * myMem,
                        const TENSOR_DATA_TYPE myDataType = X_FLOAT, const float myDenseRatio = 1.0F);
                        const TENSOR_DATA_TYPE myDataType = X_FLOAT, const float myDenseRatio = 1.0F);
 
 
+/* generate a XTensor which allocates data on the buffer */
+XTensor * NewTensorBuf(const XTensor * reference, int devID, XMem * myMem);
+
 /* generate a dense vector */
 /* generate a dense vector */
 XTensor * NewTensor1D(const int num, const TENSOR_DATA_TYPE myDataType = X_FLOAT, const int myDevID = -1, 
 XTensor * NewTensor1D(const int num, const TENSOR_DATA_TYPE myDataType = X_FLOAT, const int myDevID = -1, 
                       XMem * myMem = NULL);
                       XMem * myMem = NULL);
@@ -422,10 +425,10 @@ XTensor * NewTensor5D(const int d0, const int d1, const int d2, const int d3, co
 XTensor * NewTensor(XTensor * a, bool isFilledData = true);
 XTensor * NewTensor(XTensor * a, bool isFilledData = true);
 
 
 /* free the data space of a given tensor */
 /* free the data space of a given tensor */
-void DelTensor(const XTensor * tensor);
+void DelTensor(XTensor * tensor);
 
 
 /* free the data space of a given tensor (on the buffer) */
 /* free the data space of a given tensor (on the buffer) */
-void DelTensorBuf(const XTensor * tensor);
+void DelTensorBuf(XTensor * tensor);
 
 
 } /* end of the nts (NiuTrans.Tensor) namespace */
 } /* end of the nts (NiuTrans.Tensor) namespace */
 
 

source/tensor/core/arithmetic/Sum.cpp

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "../../XUtility.h"
 #include "../../XUtility.h"
 #include "Sum.h"
 #include "Sum.h"
 #include "Sum.cuh"
 #include "Sum.cuh"
+#include "SumDim.h"
 
 
 namespace nts { // namespace nts(NiuTrans.Tensor)
 namespace nts { // namespace nts(NiuTrans.Tensor)
 
 
@@ -123,6 +124,33 @@ void _SumMe(XTensor * a, const XTensor * b, DTYPE beta)
 {
 {
     _Sum(a, b, a, beta);
     _Sum(a, b, a, beta);
 }
 }
+
+/* 
+return a dimension if the sum is performed as SumDim (in more details in SumDim.h 
+>> a - a tensor
+>> b - another tensor for sum
+*/
+int GetSumDimIndex(const XTensor &a, const XTensor &b)
+{
+    if(a.order < b.order)
+        return -1;
+
+    int hitCount = 0;
+    int hitDim = -1;
+    for(int i = 0; i < b.order; i++){
+        if(b.dimSize[b.order - 1 - i] == 1)
+            continue;
+        else if(b.dimSize[b.order - 1 - i] == a.dimSize[a.order - 1 - i]){
+            hitCount++;
+            hitDim = a.order - b.order + i;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if(hitCount == 1)
+        return hitDim;
+    else
+        return -1;
+}
     
     
 /*
 /*
 tensor summation c = a + b * \beta (return a XTensor structure)
 tensor summation c = a + b * \beta (return a XTensor structure)
@@ -138,12 +166,28 @@ XTensor Sum(const XTensor &a, const XTensor &b, DTYPE beta)
     XTensor c(&a);
     XTensor c(&a);
     c.SetTMP();
     c.SetTMP();
 
 
-    /* call _Sum function */
-    _Sum(&a, &b, &c, beta);
+    int n = GetSumDimIndex(a, b);
+
+    if(n == -1){
+        /* call _Sum function */
+        _Sum(&a, &b, &c, beta);
     
     
-    /* tensor connections */
-    XLink::MakeLink(&a, &b, &c, MATH_SUM);
-    XLink::AddParamToHead(&c, beta);
+        /* tensor connections */
+        XLink::MakeLink(&a, &b, &c, MATH_SUM);
+        XLink::AddParamToHead(&c, beta);
+    }
+    else if(n >= 0 && n < a.order){
+        /* call _Sum function */
+        _SumDim(&a, &b, &c, n, beta);
+    
+        /* tensor connections */
+        XLink::MakeLink(&a, &b, &c, MATH_SUMDIM);
+        XLink::AddParamToHeadInt(&c, n);
+        XLink::AddParamToHead(&c, beta);
+    }
+    else{
+        ShowNTErrors("Something is wrong!");
+    }
     
     
     return c;
     return c;
 }
 }

source/tensor/core/arithmetic/SumDim.cpp

@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ XTensor SumDim(const XTensor &a, const XTensor &b, int n, DTYPE beta)
     c.SetTMP();
     c.SetTMP();
     
     
     /* call _Sum function */
     /* call _Sum function */
-    _Sum(&a, &b, &c, beta);
+    _SumDim(&a, &b, &c, n, beta);
     
     
     /* tensor connections */
     /* tensor connections */
     XLink::MakeLink(&a, &b, &c, MATH_SUMDIM);
     XLink::MakeLink(&a, &b, &c, MATH_SUMDIM);

source/tensor/core/arithmetic/SumDim.cu

@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ void KernelAddWithRow(T * a, T * b, T * c, int rowNum, int colNum, T beta)
         return;
         return;
 
 
     if(threadIdx.y == 0)
     if(threadIdx.y == 0)
-        bv[threadIdx.x] =  b[col];
+        bv[threadIdx.x] = b[col];
 
 
     __syncthreads();
     __syncthreads();
 
 
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ void KernelAddWithCol(T * a, T * b, T * c, int rowNum, int colNum, int blockSize
         return;
         return;
 
 
     if(threadIdx.x == 0)
     if(threadIdx.x == 0)
-        bv[threadIdx.y] =  b[row];
+        bv[threadIdx.y] = b[row];
 
 
     __syncthreads();
     __syncthreads();
 
 
@@ -138,6 +138,9 @@ void _CudaSumDim(const XTensor * a, const XTensor * b, XTensor * c, int n, DTYPE
     int cudaGrids[3];
     int cudaGrids[3];
     int cudaBlocks[3];
     int cudaBlocks[3];
 
 
+    int devIDBackup = 0;
+    ProtectCudaDev(a->devID, devIDBackup);
+
     if (a->dataType == DEFAULT_DTYPE){
     if (a->dataType == DEFAULT_DTYPE){
         if(stride > 1){
         if(stride > 1){
             GDevs.GetCudaThread2D(a->devID, stride * blockNum, blockSize, MAX_INT, cudaGrids, cudaBlocks);
             GDevs.GetCudaThread2D(a->devID, stride * blockNum, blockSize, MAX_INT, cudaGrids, cudaBlocks);
@@ -168,6 +171,8 @@ void _CudaSumDim(const XTensor * a, const XTensor * b, XTensor * c, int n, DTYPE
     else {
     else {
         ShowNTErrors("TODO!");
         ShowNTErrors("TODO!");
     }
     }
+
+    BacktoCudaDev(a->devID, devIDBackup);
 }
 }
 
 
 #endif
 #endif

source/tensor/core/movement/CopyIndexed.cpp

@@ -37,8 +37,8 @@ copy indexed sub-tensors
 >> indexSize - length of srcIndex (and tgtIndex)
 >> indexSize - length of srcIndex (and tgtIndex)
 >> tgtIndex - index of the target sub-tensors
 >> tgtIndex - index of the target sub-tensors
 >> copyNum - number of the sub-tensors we copy for each source index, 
 >> copyNum - number of the sub-tensors we copy for each source index, 
-   e.g., for srcIndex = [1,4] and copyNum = 2,
-   we actually copy the source sub-tensors 1, 2, 4, 5
+             e.g., for srcIndex = [1,4] and copyNum = 2,
+             we actually copy the source sub-tensors 1, 2, 4, 5
 */
 */
 void _CopyIndexed(const XTensor * s, XTensor * t, int dim, int * srcIndex, int indexSize, int * tgtIndex, int copyNum)
 void _CopyIndexed(const XTensor * s, XTensor * t, int dim, int * srcIndex, int indexSize, int * tgtIndex, int copyNum)
 {
 {
@@ -73,17 +73,23 @@ void _CopyIndexed(const XTensor * s, XTensor * t, int dim, int * srcIndex, int i
     int * realSrcIndex = new int[realIndexSize];
     int * realSrcIndex = new int[realIndexSize];
     int * realTgtIndex = new int[realIndexSize];
     int * realTgtIndex = new int[realIndexSize];
     for (int i = 0; i < indexOffsetNum; i++) {
     for (int i = 0; i < indexOffsetNum; i++) {
+        int base = i * indexSize * copyNum;
+        int baseSrc = i * leadDimSizeSrc;
+        int baseTgt = i * leadDimSizeTgt;
         for (int j = 0; j < indexSize; j++) {
         for (int j = 0; j < indexSize; j++) {
+            int offset = base + j * copyNum;
+            int * rsi = realSrcIndex + offset;
+            int * rti = realTgtIndex + offset;
             for (int k = 0; k < copyNum; k++) {
             for (int k = 0; k < copyNum; k++) {
-                realSrcIndex[i * indexSize * copyNum + j * copyNum + k] = i * leadDimSizeSrc + srcIndex[j] + k;
-                realTgtIndex[i * indexSize * copyNum + j * copyNum + k] = i * leadDimSizeTgt + tgtIndex[j] + k;
+                rsi[k] = baseSrc + srcIndex[j] + k;
+                rti[k] = baseTgt + tgtIndex[j] + k;
             }
             }
         }
         }
     }
     }
 
 
     for (int i = 0; i < indexSize; i++) {
     for (int i = 0; i < indexSize; i++) {
-        CheckNTErrors((srcIndex[i] < blockNumSrc), "Index is out of range!");
-        CheckNTErrors((tgtIndex[i] < blockNumTgt), "Index is out of range!");
+        CheckNTErrors((srcIndex[i] < blockNumSrc), "Index is out of scope!");
+        CheckNTErrors((tgtIndex[i] < blockNumTgt), "Index is out of scope!");
     }
     }
 
 
     _CopyBlocks(s->data, blockSizeSrc * s->unitSize, realSrcIndex, realIndexSize, t->data, realTgtIndex, s->mem, s->devID);
     _CopyBlocks(s->data, blockSizeSrc * s->unitSize, realSrcIndex, realIndexSize, t->data, realTgtIndex, s->mem, s->devID);

source/tensor/core/shape/Unsqueeze.cu

@@ -32,12 +32,108 @@ namespace nts { // namespace nts(NiuTrans.Tensor)
 insert a dimension by copying the blocks for n times (where n is the size of the inerted dimension)
 insert a dimension by copying the blocks for n times (where n is the size of the inerted dimension)
 >> s - pointer to the source data array
 >> s - pointer to the source data array
 >> blockSize - size of a block
 >> blockSize - size of a block
+
+>> totalSize - total size of the blocks (i.e., blockSIze * n)
+>> t - pointer to the target data array
+>> n - number of blocks to copy data
+*/
+template<class T>
+__global__
+void KernelUnsqueezeFlat(void * s, int blockSize, int totalSize, void * t, int n)
+{
+    /* index of data items */
+    int i = blockDim.x * blockIdx.x + threadIdx.x;
+
+    if (i >= blockSize)
+        return;
+
+    T value = ((T*)s)[i];
+    T * tData = (T*)t;
+
+    __syncthreads();
+
+    for (int k = i; k < totalSize; k += blockSize)
+        tData[k] = value;
+}
+
+/*
+insert a dimension by copying the blocks for n times (where n is the size of the inerted dimension)
+>> s - pointer to the source data array
+>> blockSize - size of a block
+
+>> totalSize - total size of the blocks (i.e., blockSIze * n)
+>> t - pointer to the target data array
+>> n - number of blocks to copy data
+*/
+template<class T>
+__global__
+void KernelUnsqueezeFlatBigram(void * s, int blockSize, int totalSize, void * t, int n)
+{
+    /* index of data items */
+    int i = (blockDim.x * blockIdx.x + threadIdx.x) * 2;
+
+    if (i >= blockSize)
+        return;
+
+    T value = ((T*)s)[i];
+    T value2 = ((T*)s)[i + 1];
+    T * tData = (T*)t;
+
+    __syncthreads();
+
+    for (int k = i; k < totalSize; k += blockSize){
+        tData[k] = value;
+        tData[k + 1] = value2;
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+insert a dimension by copying the blocks for n times (where n is the size of the inerted dimension)
+>> s - pointer to the source data array
+>> blockSize - size of a block
+
+>> totalSize - total size of the blocks (i.e., blockSIze * n)
+>> t - pointer to the target data array
+>> n - number of blocks to copy data
+*/
+template<class T>
+__global__
+void KernelUnsqueezeFlat2D(void * s, int blockSize, int totalSize, void * t, int n)
+{
+    __shared__ T data[MAX_CUDA_THREAD_NUM_PER_BLOCK];
+    __shared__ int offsets[MAX_CUDA_THREAD_NUM_PER_BLOCK];
+
+    /* index of data items */
+    int i = blockDim.x * blockIdx.x + threadIdx.x;
+
+    /* index of data items */
+    int j = blockDim.y * blockIdx.y + threadIdx.y;
+
+    if (i >= blockSize || j >= n)
+        return;
+
+    if(threadIdx.y == 0)
+        data[threadIdx.x] = ((T*)s)[i];
+    if(threadIdx.x == 0)
+        offsets[threadIdx.y] = blockSize * j;
+
+    __syncthreads();
+
+    ((T*)t)[offsets[threadIdx.y] + i] = data[threadIdx.x];
+}
+
+/*
+insert a dimension by copying the blocks for n times (where n is the size of the inerted dimension)
+>> s - pointer to the source data array
+>> blockSize - size of a block
 >> blockNum - number of the blocks
 >> blockNum - number of the blocks
+>> totalSize - total size of the blocks (i.e., blockSIze * n)
 >> t - pointer to the target data array
 >> t - pointer to the target data array
+>> n - number of blocks to copy data
 */
 */
 template<class T>
 template<class T>
 __global__
 __global__
-void KernelUnsqueeze(void * s, int blockSize, int blockNum, void * t, int n)
+void KernelUnsqueeze(void * s, int blockSize, int blockNum, int totalSize, void * t, int n)
 {
 {
     /* index of data items */
     /* index of data items */
     int i = blockDim.x * blockIdx.x + threadIdx.x;
     int i = blockDim.x * blockIdx.x + threadIdx.x;
@@ -51,11 +147,10 @@ void KernelUnsqueeze(void * s, int blockSize, int blockNum, void * t, int n)
     MTYPE offset = blockSize * j;
     MTYPE offset = blockSize * j;
     T value = ((T*)s)[offset + i];
     T value = ((T*)s)[offset + i];
     T * tData = (T*)t + offset * n;
     T * tData = (T*)t + offset * n;
-    int length = blockSize * n;
 
 
     __syncthreads();
     __syncthreads();
 
 
-    for (int k = i; k < length; k += blockSize)
+    for (int k = i; k < totalSize; k += blockSize)
         tData[k] = value;
         tData[k] = value;
 }
 }
 
 
@@ -83,21 +178,71 @@ void _CudaUnsqueeze(const XTensor * a, XTensor * b, int dim, int dSize)
     int cudaGrids[3];
     int cudaGrids[3];
     int cudaBlocks[3];
     int cudaBlocks[3];
 
 
-    GDevs.GetCudaThread2D(a->devID, blockSize, blockNumA, MAX_INT, cudaGrids, cudaBlocks);
-
     int devIDBackup = 0;
     int devIDBackup = 0;
     ProtectCudaDev(a->devID, devIDBackup);
     ProtectCudaDev(a->devID, devIDBackup);
 
 
-    if (a->dataType == X_FLOAT && a->dataType == X_FLOAT) {
-        KernelUnsqueeze<float> << <dim3(cudaGrids[0], cudaGrids[1]), dim3(cudaBlocks[0], cudaBlocks[1]) >> >
-            (a->data, blockSize, blockNumA, b->data, dSize);
+    if(blockNumA > 1){
+        GDevs.GetCudaThread2D(a->devID, blockSize, blockNumA, MAX_INT, cudaGrids, cudaBlocks);
+
+        if (a->dataType == X_FLOAT && a->dataType == X_FLOAT) {
+            KernelUnsqueeze<float> << <dim3(cudaGrids[0], cudaGrids[1]), dim3(cudaBlocks[0], cudaBlocks[1]) >> >
+                                      (a->data, blockSize, blockNumA, blockSize * dSize, b->data, dSize);
+        }
+        else if (a->dataType == X_INT && a->dataType == X_INT) {
+            KernelUnsqueeze<int> << <dim3(cudaGrids[0], cudaGrids[1]), dim3(cudaBlocks[0], cudaBlocks[1]) >> >
+                                    (a->data, blockSize, blockNumA, blockSize * dSize, b->data, dSize);
+        }
+        else {
+            ShowNTErrors("TODO!");
+        }
+    }
+    else if(blockNumA == 1 && blockSize < MAX_CUDA_THREAD_NUM_PER_BLOCK){
+        GDevs.GetCudaThread2D(a->devID, blockSize, dSize, MAX_CUDA_THREAD_NUM_PER_BLOCK/4, cudaGrids, cudaBlocks);
+
+        if (a->dataType == X_FLOAT && a->dataType == X_FLOAT) {
+            KernelUnsqueezeFlat2D<float> << <dim3(cudaGrids[0], cudaGrids[1]), dim3(cudaBlocks[0], cudaBlocks[1]) >> >
+                                          (a->data, blockSize, blockSize * dSize, b->data, dSize);
+        }
+        else if (a->dataType == X_INT && a->dataType == X_INT) {
+            KernelUnsqueezeFlat2D<int> << <dim3(cudaGrids[0], cudaGrids[1]), dim3(cudaBlocks[0], cudaBlocks[1]) >> >
+                                        (a->data, blockSize, blockSize * dSize, b->data, dSize);
+        }
+        else {
+            ShowNTErrors("TODO!");
+        }
+    }
+    else if(blockNumA == 1 && blockSize % 2 == 0){
+        GDevs.GetCudaThread(a->devID, blockSize/2, cudaGrids, cudaBlocks);
+
+        if (a->dataType == X_FLOAT && a->dataType == X_FLOAT) {
+            KernelUnsqueezeFlatBigram<float> << <dim3(cudaGrids[0]), dim3(cudaBlocks[0]) >> >
+                                                (a->data, blockSize, blockSize * dSize, b->data, dSize);
+        }
+        else if (a->dataType == X_INT && a->dataType == X_INT) {
+            KernelUnsqueezeFlatBigram<int> << <dim3(cudaGrids[0]), dim3(cudaBlocks[0]) >> >
+                                              (a->data, blockSize, blockSize * dSize, b->data, dSize);
+        }
+        else {
+            ShowNTErrors("TODO!");
+        }
     }
     }
-    else if (a->dataType == X_INT && a->dataType == X_INT) {
-        KernelUnsqueeze<int> << <dim3(cudaGrids[0], cudaGrids[1]), dim3(cudaBlocks[0], cudaBlocks[1]) >> >
-            (a->data, blockSize, blockNumA, b->data, dSize);
+    else if(blockNumA == 1){
+        GDevs.GetCudaThread(a->devID, blockSize, cudaGrids, cudaBlocks);
+
+        if (a->dataType == X_FLOAT && a->dataType == X_FLOAT) {
+            KernelUnsqueezeFlat<float> << <dim3(cudaGrids[0]), dim3(cudaBlocks[0]) >> >
+                                          (a->data, blockSize, blockSize * dSize, b->data, dSize);
+        }
+        else if (a->dataType == X_INT && a->dataType == X_INT) {
+            KernelUnsqueezeFlat<int> << <dim3(cudaGrids[0]), dim3(cudaBlocks[0]) >> >
+                                        (a->data, blockSize, blockSize * dSize, b->data, dSize);
+        }
+        else {
+            ShowNTErrors("TODO!");
+        }
     }
     }
-    else {
-        ShowNTErrors("TODO!");
+    else{
+        ShowNTErrors("Something is wrong!");
     }
     }
 
 
     BacktoCudaDev(a->devID, devIDBackup);
     BacktoCudaDev(a->devID, devIDBackup);