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wording (sec 8, no country names)

parent 35ab09fd
正在显示 包含 56 行增加 和 57 行删除
Chapter8/Figures/figure-an-example-of-phrase-system.tex
...@@ -4,20 +4,20 @@ ...@@ -4,20 +4,20 @@
\begin{tikzpicture} \begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{scope} \begin{scope}
\node [anchor=east] (shead) at (0,0) {源语:}; \node [anchor=east] (shead) at (0,0) {源语:};
\node [anchor=west] (swords) at (shead.east) {巴基斯坦\ \ 是\ \ 与\ \ 中国\ \ 有\ \ 邦交\ \ 的\ \ 多数\ \ 国家\ \ 之一}; \node [anchor=west] (swords) at (shead.east) {东北大学\ \ 是\ \ 与\ \ 东软\ \ 有\ \ 合作\ \ 的\ \ 众多\ \ 高校\ \ 之一};
\node [anchor=north east] (thead) at ([yshift=-0.8em]shead.south east) {短语系统:}; \node [anchor=north east] (thead) at ([yshift=-0.8em]shead.south east) {短语系统:};
\node [anchor=west] (twords) at (thead.east) {Pakistan is diplomatic relations with China}; \node [anchor=west] (twords) at (thead.east) {NEU is collaborative relations with Neusoft};
\node [anchor=north west] (twords2) at ([yshift=-0.2em]twords.south west) {is one of the many countries}; \node [anchor=north west] (twords2) at ([yshift=-0.2em]twords.south west) {is one of the many universities};
\node [anchor=north east] (rhead) at ([yshift=-2.2em]thead.south east) {参考译文:}; \node [anchor=north east] (rhead) at ([yshift=-2.2em]thead.south east) {参考译文:};
\node [anchor=west] (rwords) at (rhead.east) {Pakistan is one of the many countries that have}; \node [anchor=west] (rwords) at (rhead.east) {NEU is one of the many universities that have};
\node [anchor=north west] (rwords2) at ([yshift=-0.2em]rwords.south west) {diplomatic relations with China}; \node [anchor=north west] (rwords2) at ([yshift=-0.2em]rwords.south west) {collaborative relations with Neusoft};
\begin{pgfonlayer}{background} \begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
{ {
\draw[fill=red!20,draw=white] ([xshift=-5.1em]twords.north) rectangle ([xshift=9.1em]twords.south); \draw[fill=red!20,draw=white] ([xshift=-5.8em]twords.north) rectangle ([xshift=9.6em]twords.south);
\draw[fill=blue!20,draw=white] ([xshift=-4.9em]twords2.north) rectangle ([xshift=6.1em]twords2.south); \draw[fill=blue!20,draw=white] ([xshift=-5.4em]twords2.north) rectangle ([xshift=6.7em]twords2.south);
\node [anchor=south east,inner sep=1pt,fill=black] (l1) at ([xshift=9.1em]twords.south) {\tiny{{\color{white} 1}}}; \node [anchor=south east,inner sep=1pt,fill=black] (l1) at ([xshift=9.6em]twords.south) {\tiny{{\color{white} 1}}};
\node [anchor=south east,inner sep=1pt,fill=black] (l2) at ([xshift=6.1em]twords2.south) {\tiny{{\color{white} 2}}}; \node [anchor=south east,inner sep=1pt,fill=black] (l2) at ([xshift=6.7em]twords2.south) {\tiny{{\color{white} 2}}};
} }
\end{pgfonlayer} \end{pgfonlayer}
......
Chapter8/Figures/figure-chinese-syntax-tree.tex
...@@ -7,11 +7,11 @@ ...@@ -7,11 +7,11 @@
\Tree[. S \Tree[. S
[.NP [.NP
[.NP [.NP
[.DT the ] [.DT The ]
[.NN imports ] [.NN imports ]
] ]
[.IN in ] [.IN in ]
[.NP \edge[roof]; {North Korea} ] [.NP \edge[roof]; {this area} ]
] ]
[.VP [.VP
[.VBZ have ] [.VBZ have ]
...@@ -24,4 +24,4 @@ ...@@ -24,4 +24,4 @@
\end{scope} \end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture} \end{tikzpicture}
\end{center} \end{center}
\ No newline at end of file
Chapter8/Figures/figure-cut-different-positions-of-word-string.tex
...@@ -6,27 +6,27 @@ ...@@ -6,27 +6,27 @@
\begin{scope} \begin{scope}
{\small {\small
\node [anchor=west] (sw11) at (0,0) {阿都拉$_1$}; \node [anchor=west] (sw11) at (0,0) {校长$_1$};
\node [anchor=west] (sw12) at ([xshift=0.1em]sw11.east) {对$_2$}; \node [anchor=west] (sw12) at ([xshift=0.1em]sw11.east) {对$_2$};
\node [anchor=west,fill=red!20] (sw13) at ([xshift=0.1em]sw12.east) {自己$_3$ 四$_4$\ 个$_5$\ 多$_6$\ 月$_7$\ 以来$_8$\ 的$_9$\ 施政$_{10}$\ 表现$_{11}$ 感到$_{12}$ }; \node [anchor=west,fill=red!20] (sw13) at ([xshift=0.1em]sw12.east) {自己$_3$ 四$_4$\ 个$_5$\ 多$_6$\ 月$_7$\ 以来$_8$\ 的$_9$\ 教学$_{10}$\ 改革$_{11}$ 感到$_{12}$ };
\node [anchor=west,fill=blue!20] (sw14) at ([xshift=0.2em]sw13.east) {满意$_{13}$}; \node [anchor=west,fill=blue!20] (sw14) at ([xshift=0.2em]sw13.east) {满意$_{13}$};
\node [anchor=north west] (sw21) at ([yshift=-0.3em]sw11.south west) {阿都拉$_1$}; \node [anchor=north west] (sw21) at ([yshift=-0.3em]sw11.south west) {校长$_1$};
\node [anchor=west] (sw22) at ([xshift=0.1em]sw21.east) {对$_2$}; \node [anchor=west] (sw22) at ([xshift=0.1em]sw21.east) {对$_2$};
\node [anchor=west,fill=red!20] (sw23) at ([xshift=0.1em]sw22.east) {自己$_3$ 四$_4$\ 个$_5$\ 多$_6$\ 月$_7$\ 以来$_8$\ 的$_9$\ 施政$_{10}$\ 表现$_{11}$}; \node [anchor=west,fill=red!20] (sw23) at ([xshift=0.1em]sw22.east) {自己$_3$ 四$_4$\ 个$_5$\ 多$_6$\ 月$_7$\ 以来$_8$\ 的$_9$\ 教学$_{10}$\ 改革$_{11}$};
\node [anchor=west,fill=blue!20] (sw24) at ([xshift=0.2em]sw23.east) {感到$_{12}$ 满意$_{13}$}; \node [anchor=west,fill=blue!20] (sw24) at ([xshift=0.2em]sw23.east) {感到$_{12}$ 满意$_{13}$};
\node [anchor=north west] (sw31) at ([yshift=-0.3em]sw21.south west) {阿都拉$_1$}; \node [anchor=north west] (sw31) at ([yshift=-0.3em]sw21.south west) {校长$_1$};
\node [anchor=west] (sw32) at ([xshift=0.1em]sw31.east) {对$_2$}; \node [anchor=west] (sw32) at ([xshift=0.1em]sw31.east) {对$_2$};
\node [anchor=west,fill=red!20] (sw33) at ([xshift=0.1em]sw32.east) {自己$_3$ 四$_4$\ 个$_5$\ 多$_6$\ 月$_7$\ 以来$_8$\ 的$_9$\ 施政$_{10}$}; \node [anchor=west,fill=red!20] (sw33) at ([xshift=0.1em]sw32.east) {自己$_3$ 四$_4$\ 个$_5$\ 多$_6$\ 月$_7$\ 以来$_8$\ 的$_9$\ 教学$_{10}$};
\node [anchor=west,fill=blue!20] (sw34) at ([xshift=0.2em]sw33.east) {表现$_{11}$ 感到$_{12}$ 满意$_{13}$}; \node [anchor=west,fill=blue!20] (sw34) at ([xshift=0.2em]sw33.east) {改革$_{11}$ 感到$_{12}$ 满意$_{13}$};
\node [anchor=north] (dots) at ([yshift=-0.5em]sw33.south) {...}; \node [anchor=north] (dots) at ([yshift=-0.5em]sw33.south) {...};
\node [anchor=north west] (sw41) at ([yshift=-1.8em]sw31.south west) {阿都拉$_1$}; \node [anchor=north west] (sw41) at ([yshift=-1.8em]sw31.south west) {校长$_1$};
\node [anchor=west] (sw42) at ([xshift=0.1em]sw41.east) {对$_2$}; \node [anchor=west] (sw42) at ([xshift=0.1em]sw41.east) {对$_2$};
\node [anchor=west,fill=red!20] (sw43) at ([xshift=0.1em]sw42.east) {自己$_3$ }; \node [anchor=west,fill=red!20] (sw43) at ([xshift=0.1em]sw42.east) {自己$_3$ };
\node [anchor=west,fill=blue!20] (sw44) at ([xshift=0.2em]sw43.east) {四$_4$\ 个$_5$\ 多$_6$\ 月$_7$\ 以来$_8$\ 的$_9$ 施政$_{10}$ 表现$_{11}$ 感到$_{12}$ 满意$_{13}$}; \node [anchor=west,fill=blue!20] (sw44) at ([xshift=0.2em]sw43.east) {四$_4$\ 个$_5$\ 多$_6$\ 月$_7$\ 以来$_8$\ 的$_9$ 教学$_{10}$ 改革$_{11}$ 感到$_{12}$ 满意$_{13}$};
\node [anchor=south] (label) at ([yshift=0.3em]sw13.north) {\footnotesize{在跨度[{\blue 0},{\blue 13}]上匹配``NP 对 NP VP''}}; \node [anchor=south] (label) at ([yshift=0.3em]sw13.north) {\footnotesize{在跨度[{\blue 0},{\blue 13}]上匹配``NP 对 NP VP''}};
......
Chapter8/Figures/figure-derivation-of-hierarchical-phrase-and-tree-structure-model.tex
...@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ ...@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
%%% 句法树(层次短语) %%% 句法树(层次短语)
\begin{tikzpicture} \begin{tikzpicture}
{\scriptsize {\scriptsize
\begin{scope}[sibling distance=0pt, level distance = 27pt] \begin{scope}[sibling distance=1pt, level distance = 27pt]
{\scriptsize {\scriptsize
\Tree[.\node(n1){\seq{S}}; \Tree[.\node(n1){\seq{S}};
[.\node(n2){\seq{S}}; [.\node(n2){\seq{S}};
...@@ -10,20 +10,20 @@ ...@@ -10,20 +10,20 @@
[.\node(n4){\seq{S}}; [.\node(n4){\seq{S}};
[.\node(n5){\seq{X}}; \node(cw1){但}; ] [.\node(n5){\seq{X}}; \node(cw1){但}; ]
] ]
[.\node(n6){\seq{X}}; \node(cw2){美国}; ] [.\node(n6){\seq{X}}; \node(cw2){他}; ]
] ]
[.\node(n7){\seq{X}}; [.\node(n7){\seq{X}};
[. \node(cw3){并没有}; ] [. \node(cw3){没有}; ]
[. \node(cw4){执行}; ] [. \node(cw4){执行}; ]
] ]
] ]
[.\node(n8){\seq{X}}; [.\node(n8){\seq{X}};
[. \node(cw5){世贸}; ] [. \node(cw5){公司}; ]
[.\node(n9){\seq{X}}; [.\node(n9){\seq{X}};
[. \node(cw6){组织}; ] [. \node(cw6){董事会}; ]
[. \node(cw7){的}; ] [. \node(cw7){的}; ]
] ]
[. \node(cw8){裁决}; ] [. \node(cw8){决定}; ]
] ]
] ]
...@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ ...@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
\node[circle, inner sep = 0.5pt, fill=blue!90!white, anchor = east] (l2) at ([xshift=0.3em]n2.north west) {{\color{white} \tiny{$r_2$}}}; \node[circle, inner sep = 0.5pt, fill=blue!90!white, anchor = east] (l2) at ([xshift=0.3em]n2.north west) {{\color{white} \tiny{$r_2$}}};
\node[circle, inner sep = 0.5pt, fill=blue!90!white, anchor = east] (l2) at ([xshift=0.3em]n3.north west) {{\color{white} \tiny{$r_2$}}}; \node[circle, inner sep = 0.5pt, fill=blue!90!white, anchor = east] (l2) at ([xshift=0.3em]n3.north west) {{\color{white} \tiny{$r_2$}}};
\node[circle, inner sep = 0.5pt, fill=blue!90!white, anchor = east] (l2) at ([xshift=0.3em]n4.north west) {{\color{white} \tiny{$r_1$}}};{\node[circle, inner sep = 0.5pt, fill=blue!90!white, anchor = east] (l2) at ([xshift=0.3em]n5.north west) {{\color{white} \tiny{$r_3$}}};} \node[circle, inner sep = 0.5pt, fill=blue!90!white, anchor = east] (l2) at ([xshift=0.3em]n4.north west) {{\color{white} \tiny{$r_1$}}};{\node[circle, inner sep = 0.5pt, fill=blue!90!white, anchor = east] (l2) at ([xshift=0.3em]n5.north west) {{\color{white} \tiny{$r_3$}}};}
\node[circle, inner sep = 0.5pt, fill=blue!90!white, anchor = west] (l1) at ([xshift=-0.3em]n6.south east) {{\color{white} \tiny{$r_4$}}}; \node[circle, inner sep = 0.5pt, fill=blue!90!white, anchor = west] (l1) at ([xshift=-0.3em,yshift=-0.5em]n6.south east) {{\color{white} \tiny{$r_4$}}};
\node[circle, inner sep = 0.5pt, fill=blue!90!white, anchor = west] (l1) at ([xshift=-0.3em]n7.north east) {{\color{white} \tiny{$r_5$}}}; \node[circle, inner sep = 0.5pt, fill=blue!90!white, anchor = west] (l1) at ([xshift=-0.3em]n7.north east) {{\color{white} \tiny{$r_5$}}};
\node[circle, inner sep = 0.5pt, fill=blue!90!white, anchor = west] (l1) at ([xshift=-0.3em]n8.north east) {{\color{white} \tiny{$r_6$}}}; \node[circle, inner sep = 0.5pt, fill=blue!90!white, anchor = west] (l1) at ([xshift=-0.3em]n8.north east) {{\color{white} \tiny{$r_6$}}};
\node[circle, inner sep = 0.5pt, fill=blue!90!white, anchor = west] (l1) at ([xshift=-0.3em]n9.north east) {{\color{white} \tiny{$r_7$}}}; \node[circle, inner sep = 0.5pt, fill=blue!90!white, anchor = west] (l1) at ([xshift=-0.3em]n9.north east) {{\color{white} \tiny{$r_7$}}};
...@@ -53,25 +53,25 @@ ...@@ -53,25 +53,25 @@
\node[anchor=west] (rc3) at ([xshift=0em]r3.east) {$\seq{X} \; \to \; \langle\ \text{但}, \; \; \text{but}\ \rangle$}; \node[anchor=west] (rc3) at ([xshift=0em]r3.east) {$\seq{X} \; \to \; \langle\ \text{但}, \; \; \text{but}\ \rangle$};
\node[anchor=north west] (r4) at ([yshift=-0.4em]r3.south west) {$r_4$}; \node[anchor=north west] (r4) at ([yshift=-0.4em]r3.south west) {$r_4$};
\node[anchor=west] (rc4) at ([xshift=0em]r4.east) {$\seq{X} \; \to \; \langle\ \text{美国}, \; \; \text{the U.S.}\ \rangle$}; \node[anchor=west] (rc4) at ([xshift=0em]r4.east) {$\seq{X} \; \to \; \langle\ \text{他}, \; \; \text{he}\ \rangle$};
\node[anchor=north west] (r5) at ([yshift=-0.4em]r4.south west) {$r_5$}; \node[anchor=north west] (r5) at ([yshift=-0.4em]r4.south west) {$r_5$};
\node[anchor=west] (rc5) at ([xshift=0em]r5.east) {$\seq{X} \; \to \; \langle\ \text{并没有} \; \text{执行}, \; \; \text{}$}; \node[anchor=west] (rc5) at ([xshift=0em]r5.east) {$\seq{X} \; \to \; \langle\ \text{没有} \; \text{执行}, \; \; \text{}$};
\node[anchor=north west] (r52) at ([yshift=-0.4em]r5.south west) {{\color{white} $r_5$}}; \node[anchor=north west] (r52) at ([yshift=-0.4em]r5.south west) {{\color{white} $r_5$}};
\node[anchor=west] (rc52) at ([xshift=2.9em]r52.east) {$\text{has not implemented}\ \rangle$}; \node[anchor=west] (rc52) at ([xshift=2.9em]r52.east) {$\text{did not implemente}\ \rangle$};
\node[anchor=north west] (r6) at ([yshift=-0.4em]r52.south west) {$r_6$}; \node[anchor=north west] (r6) at ([yshift=-0.4em]r52.south west) {$r_6$};
\node[anchor=west] (rc6) at ([xshift=0em]r6.east) {$\seq{X} \; \to \; \langle\ \text{世贸} \; \seq{X}_1 \; \text{裁决}, $}; \node[anchor=west] (rc6) at ([xshift=0em]r6.east) {$\seq{X} \; \to \; \langle\ \text{公司} \; \seq{X}_1 \; \text{决定}, $};
\node[anchor=north west] (r61) at ([yshift=-0.4em]r6.south west) {{\color{white} $r_6$}}; \node[anchor=north west] (r61) at ([yshift=-0.4em]r6.south west) {{\color{white} $r_6$}};
\node[anchor=west] (rc61) at ([xshift=2.9em]r61.east) {$\text{the decision} \; \seq{X}_1 \; \text{the WTO}\ \rangle$}; \node[anchor=west] (rc61) at ([xshift=2.9em]r61.east) {$\text{the decision} \; \seq{X}_1 \; \text{the board of directors}\ \rangle$};
\node[anchor=north west] (r7) at ([yshift=-0.4em]r61.south west) {$r_7$}; \node[anchor=north west] (r7) at ([yshift=-0.4em]r61.south west) {$r_7$};
\node[anchor=west] (rc7) at ([xshift=0em]r7.east) {$\seq{X} \; \to \; \langle\ \text{组织 的}, \; \; \text{of}\ \rangle$}; \node[anchor=west] (rc7) at ([xshift=0em]r7.east) {$\seq{X} \; \to \; \langle\ \text{董事会\ \ 的}, \; \; \text{of}\ \rangle$};
\end{scope} \end{scope}
\node[anchor=south] (l1) at ([xshift=-9em,yshift=1em]rules.north) {\normalsize{${d = r_3}{\circ r_1}{ \circ r_4}{ \circ r_2}{ \circ r_5}{ \circ r_2}{ \circ r_7}{ \circ r_6}{ \circ r_2}$}}; \node[anchor=south] (l1) at ([xshift=-6em,yshift=1em]rules.north) {\normalsize{${d = r_3}{\circ r_1}{ \circ r_4}{ \circ r_2}{ \circ r_5}{ \circ r_2}{ \circ r_7}{ \circ r_6}{ \circ r_2}$}};
} }
\end{tikzpicture} \end{tikzpicture}
Chapter8/Figures/figure-examples-of-translation-with-complex-ordering.tex
...@@ -7,13 +7,13 @@ ...@@ -7,13 +7,13 @@
{\scriptsize {\scriptsize
\node[anchor=west] (ref) at (0,0) {{\sffamily\bfseries{参考答案：}} The Chinese star performance troupe presented a wonderful Peking opera as well as singing and dancing }; \node[anchor=west] (ref) at (0,0) {{\sffamily\bfseries{参考答案：}} The Xiyanghong star performance troupe presented a wonderful Peking opera as well as singing and dancing };
\node[anchor=north west] (ref2) at (ref.south west) {{\color{white} \sffamily\bfseries{Reference:}} performance to the national audience .}; \node[anchor=north west] (ref2) at (ref.south west) {{\color{white} \sffamily\bfseries{Reference:}} performance to the national audience .};
\node[anchor=north west] (hifst) at (ref2.south west) {{\sffamily\bfseries{层次短语系统：}} Star troupe of China, highlights of Peking opera and dance show to the audience of the national .}; \node[anchor=north west] (hifst) at (ref2.south west) {{\sffamily\bfseries{层次短语系统：}} Star troupe of Xiyanghong, highlights of Peking opera and dance show to the audience of the national .};
\node[anchor=north west] (synhifst) at (hifst.south west) {{\sffamily\bfseries{句法系统：}} Chinese star troupe}; \node[anchor=north west] (synhifst) at (hifst.south west) {{\sffamily\bfseries{句法系统：}} The XYH star troupe};
\node[anchor=west, fill=green!20!white, inner sep=0.25em] (synhifstpart2) at (synhifst.east) {presented}; \node[anchor=west, fill=green!20!white, inner sep=0.25em] (synhifstpart2) at (synhifst.east) {presented};
...@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ ...@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
\begin{scope}[scale = 0.9, grow'=up, sibling distance=5pt, level distance=30pt, xshift=3.49in, yshift=-3.1in] \begin{scope}[scale = 0.9, grow'=up, sibling distance=5pt, level distance=30pt, xshift=3.49in, yshift=-3.1in]
\Tree[.\node(tn1){IP}; \Tree[.\node(tn1){IP};
[.\node(tn2){NP}; \edge[roof]; \node[](seg1){中国$_1$ 明星$_2$ 艺术团$_3$}; ] [.\node(tn2){NP}; \edge[roof]; \node[](seg1){夕阳红$_1$ 明星$_2$ 艺术团$_3$}; ]
[.\node(tn3){VP}; [.\node(tn3){VP};
[.\node(tn4){BA}; \node[fill=red!20!white](seg2){将$_4$}; ] [.\node(tn4){BA}; \node[fill=red!20!white](seg2){将$_4$}; ]
[.\node(tn5){NP}; \edge[roof]; \node[fill=blue!20!white](seg3){一$_5$ 台$_6$ 精彩$_7$ 的$_8$ 京剧$_9$ 歌舞$_{10}$}; ] [.\node(tn5){NP}; \edge[roof]; \node[fill=blue!20!white](seg3){一$_5$ 台$_6$ 精彩$_7$ 的$_8$ 京剧$_9$ 歌舞$_{10}$}; ]
......
Chapter8/Figures/figure-rule-matching-base-tree.tex
...@@ -8,11 +8,11 @@ ...@@ -8,11 +8,11 @@
\begin{scope}[sibling distance=2pt,level distance=20pt,grow'=up] \begin{scope}[sibling distance=2pt,level distance=20pt,grow'=up]
\Tree[.\node(treeroot){IP}; \Tree[.\node(treeroot){IP};
[.NP [.NR 市长$_1$ ]] [.NP [.NR 校长$_1$ ]]
[.\node(tn1){VP}; [.\node(tn1){VP};
[.\node(tn2){PP}; [.\node(tn2){PP};
[.\node(tn3){P}; \node(cw1){对$_2$}; ] [.\node(tn3){P}; \node(cw1){对$_2$}; ]
[.\node(tn4){NP}; \edge[roof]; {自己$_3$ 四$_4$\ 个$_5$\ 多$_6$\ 月$_7$\ 以来$_8$\ 的$_9$\ 施政$_{10}$\ 表现$_{11}$} ] [.\node(tn4){NP}; \edge[roof]; {自己$_3$ 四$_4$\ 个$_5$\ 多$_6$\ 月$_7$\ 以来$_8$\ 的$_9$\ 教学$_{10}$\ 改革$_{11}$} ]
] ]
[.\node(tn5){VP}; [.\node(tn5){VP};
[.VV 感到$_{12}$ ] [.VV 感到$_{12}$ ]
...@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ ...@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@
\begin{pgfonlayer}{background} \begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
{ {
\path [fill=red!20] (tn1.south west) -- ([yshift=0.2em]tn2.south west) -- ([yshift=0.2em,xshift=-0.30em]tn3.south west) -- (cw1.north west) -- (cw1.north east) -- ([xshift=0.30em]tn3.north east) -- (tn4.north east) -- (tn4.south east) -- ([xshift=0.5em]tn2.north east) -- (tn5.north east)-- ([yshift=0.2em]tn5.south east) -- (tn1.south east) -- (tn1.south west); \path [fill=red!20] (tn1.south west) -- ([yshift=0.2em]tn2.south west) -- ([yshift=0.2em,xshift=-0.6em]tn3.south west) -- (cw1.north west) -- (cw1.north east) -- ([xshift=0.6em]tn3.north east) -- (tn4.north east) -- (tn4.south east) -- ([xshift=0.5em]tn2.north east) -- (tn5.north east)-- ([yshift=0.2em]tn5.south east) -- (tn1.south east) -- (tn1.south west);
} }
\end{pgfonlayer} \end{pgfonlayer}
......
Chapter8/Figures/figure-translation-rule-describe-two-sentence-generation.tex
...@@ -20,14 +20,14 @@ ...@@ -20,14 +20,14 @@
{ {
% phrase 1 (source and target) % phrase 1 (source and target)
\node [anchor=north] (phrase1s1) at ([yshift=-1em]rule1s2.south) {\footnotesize{巴基斯坦}}; \node [anchor=north] (phrase1s1) at ([yshift=-1em]rule1s2.south) {\footnotesize{东软}};
\node [anchor=north] (phrase1t1) at ([yshift=-1em]rule1t4.south) {\footnotesize{Pakista}}; \node [anchor=north] (phrase1t1) at ([yshift=-1em]rule1t4.south) {\footnotesize{Neusoft}};
} }
{ {
% phrase 2 (source and target) % phrase 2 (source and target)
\node [anchor=north] (phrase2s1) at ([yshift=-3em]rule1s4.south) {\footnotesize{邦交}}; \node [anchor=north] (phrase2s1) at ([yshift=-3em]rule1s4.south) {\footnotesize{合作}};
\node [anchor=north] (phrase2t1) at ([yshift=-3em]rule1t2.south) {\footnotesize{diplomatic relations}}; \node [anchor=north] (phrase2t1) at ([yshift=-3em]rule1t2.south) {\footnotesize{collaborative relations}};
} }
\begin{pgfonlayer}{background} \begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
...@@ -58,8 +58,8 @@ ...@@ -58,8 +58,8 @@
\node [anchor=west,inner sep=2pt,fill=black] (rule2t3) at ([xshift=0.5em]rule2t2.east) {\scriptsize{{\color{white} $\funp{X}_1$}}}; \node [anchor=west,inner sep=2pt,fill=black] (rule2t3) at ([xshift=0.5em]rule2t2.east) {\scriptsize{{\color{white} $\funp{X}_1$}}};
% phrase 3 (source and target) % phrase 3 (source and target)
\node [anchor=north] (phrase3s1) at ([yshift=-0.8em]rule2s3.south) {\footnotesize{多数 国家}}; \node [anchor=north] (phrase3s1) at ([yshift=-0.8em]rule2s3.south) {\footnotesize{众多 高校}};
\node [anchor=north] (phrase3t1) at ([yshift=-0.8em]rule2t1.south) {\footnotesize{the many countries}}; \node [anchor=north] (phrase3t1) at ([yshift=-0.8em]rule2t1.south) {\footnotesize{the many universities}};
% edges (phrase 3 to rule 2 and rule1 to rule2) % edges (phrase 3 to rule 2 and rule1 to rule2)
\draw [->] (phrase3s1.north) -- ([yshift=-0.1em]rule2s3.south); \draw [->] (phrase3s1.north) -- ([yshift=-0.1em]rule2s3.south);
...@@ -110,8 +110,8 @@ ...@@ -110,8 +110,8 @@
\node [anchor=west,inner sep=2pt,fill=black] (rule4t3) at ([xshift=0.5em]rule4t2.east) {\scriptsize{{\color{white} $\funp{X}_2$}}}; \node [anchor=west,inner sep=2pt,fill=black] (rule4t3) at ([xshift=0.5em]rule4t2.east) {\scriptsize{{\color{white} $\funp{X}_2$}}};
% phrase 4 (source and target) % phrase 4 (source and target)
\node [anchor=north] (phrase4s1) at ([yshift=-0.8em]rule4s1.south) {\footnotesize{巴基斯坦}}; \node [anchor=north] (phrase4s1) at ([yshift=-0.8em]rule4s1.south) {\footnotesize{东北大学}};
\node [anchor=north] (phrase4t1) at ([yshift=-0.8em]rule4t1.south) {\footnotesize{Pakista}}; \node [anchor=north] (phrase4t1) at ([yshift=-0.8em]rule4t1.south) {\footnotesize{NEU}};
% edges (phrase 4 to rule 4 and rule3 to rule4) % edges (phrase 4 to rule 4 and rule3 to rule4)
\draw [->] (phrase4s1.north) -- ([yshift=-0.1em]rule4s1.south); \draw [->] (phrase4s1.north) -- ([yshift=-0.1em]rule4s1.south);
......
Chapter8/chapter8.tex
...@@ -110,13 +110,13 @@ ...@@ -110,13 +110,13 @@
\parinterval 显然，利用过长的短语来处理长距离的依赖并不是一种十分有效的方法。过于低频的长短语无法提供可靠的信息，而且使用长短语会导致模型体积急剧增加。 \parinterval 显然，利用过长的短语来处理长距离的依赖并不是一种十分有效的方法。过于低频的长短语无法提供可靠的信息，而且使用长短语会导致模型体积急剧增加。
\parinterval 再来看一个翻译实例\upcite{Chiang2012Hope}，图\ref{fig:8-4}是一个基于短语的机器翻译系统的翻译结果。这个例子中的调序有一些复杂，比如，“多数/国家/之一”和“与/中国/有/邦交”的英文翻译都需要进行调序，分别是“one of the many countries”和“have diplomatic relations with China”。基于短语的系统可以很好地处理这些调序问题，因为它们仅仅使用了局部的信息。但是，系统却无法在这两个短语（1和2）之间进行正确的调序。 \parinterval 再来看一个翻译实例，图\ref{fig:8-4}是一个基于短语的机器翻译系统的翻译结果。这个例子中的调序有一些复杂，比如，“众多/高校/之一”和“与/东软/有/合作”的英文翻译都需要进行调序，分别是“one of the many universities”和“have collaborative relations with Neusoft”。基于短语的系统可以很好地处理这些调序问题，因为它们仅仅使用了局部的信息。但是，系统却无法在这两个短语（1和2）之间进行正确的调序。
%---------------------------------------------- %----------------------------------------------
\begin{figure}[htp] \begin{figure}[htp]
\centering \centering
\input{./Chapter8/Figures/figure-an-example-of-phrase-system} \input{./Chapter8/Figures/figure-an-example-of-phrase-system}
\caption{基于短语的机器翻译实例\upcite{Chiang2012Hope}} \caption{基于短语的机器翻译实例}
\label{fig:8-4} \label{fig:8-4}
\end{figure} \end{figure}
%------------------------------------------- %-------------------------------------------
...@@ -138,18 +138,18 @@ ...@@ -138,18 +138,18 @@
\noindent 其中，逗号分隔了源语言和目标语言部分，$\funp{X}_1$和$\funp{X}_2$表示模板中需要替换的内容，或者说变量。源语言中的变量和目标语言中的变量是一一对应的，比如，源语言中的$\funp{X}_1$ 和目标语言中的$\funp{X}_1$代表这两个变量可以“同时”被替换。假设给定短语对： \noindent 其中，逗号分隔了源语言和目标语言部分，$\funp{X}_1$和$\funp{X}_2$表示模板中需要替换的内容，或者说变量。源语言中的变量和目标语言中的变量是一一对应的，比如，源语言中的$\funp{X}_1$ 和目标语言中的$\funp{X}_1$代表这两个变量可以“同时”被替换。假设给定短语对：
\begin{eqnarray} \begin{eqnarray}
\langle \ \text{巴基斯坦},\quad \textrm{Pakistan} \ \rangle \qquad\ \quad\quad\ \ \nonumber \\ \langle \ \text{东软} & , &\quad \textrm{Neusoft} \ \rangle \qquad\ \quad\quad\ \ \nonumber \\
\langle \ \text{邦交},\quad \textrm{diplomatic relations} \ \rangle\quad\ \ \ \nonumber \langle \ \text{合作} & , &\quad \textrm{collaborative relations} \ \rangle\quad\ \ \ \nonumber
\end{eqnarray} \end{eqnarray}
\parinterval 可以使用第一个短语替换模板中的变量$\funp{X}_1$，得到： \parinterval 可以使用第一个短语替换模板中的变量$\funp{X}_1$，得到：
\begin{eqnarray} \begin{eqnarray}
\langle \ \text{与}\ \text{[巴基斯坦]}\ \text{有}\ \funp{X}_2,\quad \textrm{have}\ \funp{X}_2\ \textrm{with}\ \textrm{[Pakistan]} \ \rangle \nonumber \langle \ \text{与}\ \text{[东软]}\ \text{有}\ \funp{X}_2 & , &\quad \textrm{have}\ \funp{X}_2\ \textrm{with}\ \textrm{[Neusoft]} \ \rangle \nonumber
\end{eqnarray} \end{eqnarray}
\noindent 其中，$[\cdot]$表示被替换的部分。可以看到，在源语言和目标语言中，$\funp{X}_1$被同时替换为相应的短语。进一步，可以用第二个短语替换$\funp{X}_2$，得到： \noindent 其中，$[\cdot]$表示被替换的部分。可以看到，在源语言和目标语言中，$\funp{X}_1$被同时替换为相应的短语。进一步，可以用第二个短语替换$\funp{X}_2$，得到：
\begin{eqnarray} \begin{eqnarray}
\quad\langle \ \text{与}\ \text{巴基斯坦}\ \text{有}\ \text{[邦交]},\quad \textrm{have}\ \textrm{[diplomatic relations]}\ \textrm{with}\ \textrm{Pakista} \ \rangle \nonumber \quad\langle \ \text{与}\ \text{东软}\ \text{有}\ \text{[合作]} & , & \quad \textrm{have}\ \textrm{[collaborative relations]}\ \textrm{with}\ \textrm{Neusoft} \ \rangle \nonumber
\end{eqnarray} \end{eqnarray}
\parinterval 至此，就得到了一个完整词串的译文。类似的，还可以写出其他的翻译模板，如下： \parinterval 至此，就得到了一个完整词串的译文。类似的，还可以写出其他的翻译模板，如下：
......
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